Korovi livada i pašnjaka Vlasinske visoravni

Meadows of lowland and upland areas of Vlasina Plain represent a significant natural plant resource. A botanical study of the Vlasina Plain region conducted by RANĐELOVIĆ (2002) identifies four lowland meadow communities (ass. Equiseto-Scirpetum xilvaticae Šegulja, ass. Polygono-Scirpetum xilvaticae Schw., ass. Brachythecio-Menthetum longifoliae V. Rand. and ass. Deschampsietum caespitosae H-ić.) and six phytocoenoses of hilly-mountainous meadows and pastures (ass. Diantho-Armerietum rumelicae N. Rand., ass. Festuco nigre.icenti-Nardetum strictae N. Rand., ass. Lino-Nardetum strictae Rexp. et N. Rand., ass. Thymo-Poetum violaceae Mic., ass. Festucetum paniculatae Horv. and ass. Centattrio-Festucetum validate N. Rand.). Besides identifying the weed species that participate in the grassland communities of Vlasina Plain, this study deals with all relevant parameters concerning that particular plant category, including primarily: taxonomic analysis, quantitative representation in certain grassland communities, life forms (biological spectrum), phyto-geographical characteristics (floral elements), ecological and biological features and categorization according to their harmful effect (very poisonous, weakly poisonous and useless species). This first brief report contains data on the weed flora of meadows and pastures of Vlasina Plain, while the main subject of a second communication (in preparation) would be focused on detailed analysis of weed species in the region, their biological characteristics and specific features.Dolinske i brdske, odnosno, planinske livade i pašnjaci predstavljaju značajne prirodne biljne resurse Vlasinske visoravni. Prema istraživanjima V. Randelovića (2002) na ovom području zastupljene su 4 biljne zajednice dolinskih livada (ass. Equiseto-Scirpetum silvaticae Segulja, ass. Polygono-Scirpetuin silvaticae Schw., ass. Brachythecio-Menthetum longifoliae V. Rand, i ass. Deschampsietum caespitosae H-ić) i 6 fitocenoza planinskih livada i pašnjaka (ass. Diantho-Arinerietimi rumelicae N. Rand., ass. Festuc.o nigrescenti-Nardelnm atrictae N. Ranđ., ass. Lmu-Nunletum xtrictae Rexp. el N. Rand., ass. Thymo-Poetum violaceae Mic., ass. Festucetum paniculatae Horv. i ass. Centaurio-Fesiucctum validae N. Rand.). Pored identifikacije travnjačkih korovskih vrsta u livadskim i pašnjačkim zajednicama Vlasinske visoravni, proučeni su i analizirani svi važniji parametri koji se odnose na ovu kategoriju biljaka, kao što su: taksonomska anali/a, kvantitativna zastupljenost u pojedinim travnjačkim fitocenozama, kategorizacija korova prema štetnosti (vrlo otrovne, slabo otrovne, bezvredne vrste), ekološke i biološke osobine, pripadnost odgovarajućim životnim oblicima (biološki spektar), fitogeografske karakteristike (udeo pojedinih geoelemenata). U prvom saopštenju, ovom prilikom, dat je samo pregled korovskih vrsta u livadskim i pašnjačkim fitocenozama Vlasinske visoravni, dok će se u drugom delu ove studije analizirati karakteristike i specifičnosti pojedinih travnjačkih korova u livadskim i pašnjačkim zajednicama na području Vlasinske visoravni

Korovska flora prirodnih travnjaka Srbije

Meadow and pasture weed flora in Serbia is surveyed and ecological analysis provided. The acquired data show a very high participation of weed species in grassland areas. Weeds accounted for over 50% of overall floristic composition of the analyzed meadow and pasture plant communities (48), which belong to the classes Phragmitetea, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Festuco-Brometea, Festucetea vaginalcae, Nardo-Callunetea and Juncetea trifidi. The lowest participation of weeds was 50.7% in the class Fcstuco-Brometea, while the highest reached as much as 91.3% in the class Phragmitetea. Viewed from the phytocoenological aspect, weed plants are equal with other (beneficial) coenobions in grassland areas. However, viewed from the aspect of grassland utilization they belong to an undesirable group of plants. Depending on the degree of harmfulness, grassland weeds may be differentiated into several groups: 1. plants of low forage value, consumed by livestock but only reluctantly (e.g. Nardus slricta); 2. prickly plants (with thorns, hooks and emergance growths) such as Carduus sp., Cirsium sp., Ononis spinosa, Eryngium campestre, etc., which may cause injury to the mouth, throat, stomach or intestines; and 3. poisonous species such as Aristolochia clematitis, A tropa belladonna, Colchicum autumnale, Conium maculatum, Euphorbia sp., Hyosciamun niger, Veratrum album and many others, which may cause disorders of some sort in animals and even produce fatal result when consumed in large amounts.U radu je analizirano 48 travnjačkih zajednica Srbije. Ispitivane su i močvarne i vlažne livade, submontane, montane i alpske travnjačke fitocenoze. Utvrđeno je ukupno 549 vrsta na travnjačkim staništima korova. Ove korovske vrste klasifikovane su u 231 rod iz 52 familije. Sledeće familije su naročito bogate u pogledu broja korovskih vrsta: Asteraceae (85 korovskih vrsta), Poaceae (44), Scrophulariaceae (37), Caryophyllaceae (36), Lamiaceae (34), Rosaccae (24), Cypcraceae (22) i Fabaceae (19). Korovske vrste pokazuju veliku infraspecijsku raznovrstnost i uključuju 249 podvrsta, 347 varijeteta i 349 formi. Što se tiče biološkog spektra, dominiraju hemikriptofite (50,57%). Horološka analiza pokazuje da u korovskoj flori travnjaka Srbije učestvuje 25 različitih geoelemenata, od čega više od 50% pripada flornim elementima velikih površina rasprostranjenja: evroazijskom, subevroazijskom, srednje-evropskom i kosmopolitskom. Procenat prisustva korovskih vrsta je od 50,7% (u klasi Festuco-Brometea) do 91,3% (u klasi Phragmitetea)

Korovska flora prirodnih travnjaka Srbije

In the present paper 48 grassland communities in Serbia have been analyzed. Marshy and wet meadow, sub-mountainous, mountainous and alpine grassland phytocoenoses have been included. The sum of 549 species was determined in grassland weed habitats. Those weed species were classified in 231 genera from 52 families. The following families are especially rich regarding the number of weed species within: Asteraceae (85 weed species), Poaceae (44), Scrophulariaceae (37), Caryophyllaceae (36), Lamiaceae (34), Rosaceae (24), Cyperaceae (22) and Fabaceae (19). Weed species exhibit great infraspecies diversity, they envelope 249 subspecies, 347 varieties and 349 forms. In biological spectrum the most dominant are chemicryptophytes (50.57%), followed by geophytes (15.46%), therophytes (14.91) and thero-chemicryptophytes (7.73%). Chorological analysis showed that in weed’s flora of grasslands of Serbia there are 25 different geoelements, where among them more than 50% belong to the floral elements of huge areas of distribution: European Asian, subeurope-asian, middle European and cosmopolitan. Percept of occurrence of the weed species ranged from 50.7% (in class Festuco-Brometea) to 91.3% (in class Phragmitetea).U radu je dat pregled i ekološka analiza korovske flore livada i pašnjaka Srbije. Dobijeni podaci pokazuju da je vrlo visoko učešće korovskih vrsta u biljnom pokrivaču travnjaka. U svim livadskim i pašnjačkim biljnim zajednicama koje su analizirane (ukupno 48), a koje pripadaju klasama Phragmitetea, Molinio- Arrhenatheretea, Festuco-Brometea, Festucetea vaginateae, Nardo-Callunetea i Juncetea trifidi, bez izuzetka, korovi participiraju sa više od 50% u odnosu na sve vrste koje ulaze u njihov floristički sastav. Najmanja zastupljenost korova iznosi 50.7% iz zajednica klase Festuco-Brometea, a dostiže čak i do 91.3% iz klase Phragmitetea. Sa fitocenološkog aspekta, korovske biljke na travnjacima su raznopravni članovi sa ostalim (korisnim) cenobiontima zajednica. Međutim, sa aspekta iskorišćavanja travnjaka oni predstavljaju "nepoželjnu" grupu biljaka: 1.biljke niske krmne vrednosti koje stoka nerado jede (npr. Nardus stricta); 2.bodljikave (sa trnovima, kukicama, emergencama), kao što su: Cardus sp., Cirsium sp., Ononis spinosa, Eringium campestre i dr., a koje mogu dovesti do povredjivanja usne duplje, ždrela i želudačno-crevnog trakta prilikom konzumacije; i 3. otrovne vrste kao što su npr., Aristolochia clematitis, Atropa belladonna, Colchicum autumnale, Conium maculatum, Euphorbia sp., Hyosciamus niger, Veratrum album, i mnoge druge, koje, ne samo da mogu izazvati smetnje kod životinja, već, uzete u većim količinama, mogu imati i letalno dejstvo

Korovska vegetacija strnih žita nizijskog i planinskog područja centralne Srbije i njen sintaksonomski status

Lowland and mountainous areas of central Serbia differ in many aspects primarily regarding climatic, edaphic and chorographic characteristics which is common to other regions as well. Such condition strongly affects the status of overall vegetation, including the characteristics of weed (grass) plant communities. We investigated this phenomenon in the case of weed vegetation of small grain crops (wheat, barley, oats, rye). We found completely different weed phytocoenoses in lowland and mountainous regions characterized by specific floristic composition, and synmorphological synecologicical and phytogeographic traits, as well as syntaxonomic status. Two main weed associations were identified and described: 1. ass. Consolido-Polygonetum avicularae Kojić et al., 1973 (lowland variant; broad area around Kraljevo) and 2. ass. Galeopsi-Grassicetum campestrae Ajder 1996 (mountain variant; Mt. Rudnik plateau). Considerable differences were identified between those two weed communities in small grain crops regarding their floristic structure, composition of the biological spectrum (life-forms of the weed phytocoenoses in small grain crops in mountainous regions, compared to lowland regions, indicated a tendency of increased participation of hemicryptophytes and a decrease of geophytes), and phytogeographic characteristics (floristic elements of broad distribution Euroasian, Cosmopolitan, Sub-Euroasian - predominate in both communities but there is a tendency of their increase in the phytocoenosis of mountainous areas). Those differences consequently result in the fact that weed associations in small grains of lowland and mountainous regions are mutually distant regarding syntaxonomy. They belong to different vegetation alliances. The association Consolido-Polygonetum avicularae is part of the alliance Caucalion lappulae Tx. 1950, while the other association Galeopsi-Brassicetum campestrae belongs to another alliance - Galeopsian speciosae-pubescentis Kojić 1972.U nizijskom, žitorodnom regionu centralne Srbije (šira okolina Kraljeva) i planinskim predelima (Rudnjanska visoravan) izvršena su uporedna ispitivanja korovske vegetacije strnih žita (pšenica, ječam, ovas, raž). Dijagnosticirane su i okarakterisane dve korovske asocijacije 1.Consolido-Polygonetum avicularae Kojić et al.1963. (nizijska varijanta) i 2.Galeopsi-Brassicetum campestrae Ajder 1996. (planinska varijanta). Utvrđene su značajne razlike između ovih dveju korovskih zajednica strnih žita: kako u florističkoj strukturi tako i u pogledu sastava biološkog spektra i biljnogeografske pozicije (sprektra arealtipova), a takođe i sa stanovišta sintaksonomskog statusa. Prva asocijacija, Consolido-Polygonetum avicularae pripada vegetacijskoj svezi Caucalion lappulae Tx.1950, a druga Galeopsi-Brassicetum campestrae svezi Galeopsion speciosae-pubescentis Kojić 1972