Unit-wide frequency of cefepime-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing strains in bacteremic isolates obtained from patients with febrile neutropenia.

<p>The detection rates of cefepime-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase <b>(</b>ESBL)-related bacteremia were retrospectively analyzed throughout a hematological unit at the Hara-Sanshin Hospital. The frequency (%) indicates the rate of cefepime-resistant and ESBL-producing isolates obtained from total gram-negative bacteremic isolates. The antibiotic rotation trial was conducted from August 2009 to March 2011.</p

Antibiotic resistance of stool isolates before and after intervention.

<p>Rate indicates number of positive cultures per 1000 patient days.</p>a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h<p><i>P</i>-value shows statistical comparison for each variable between patients receiving pre-intervention and those receiving intervention.</p>a<p><i>p</i><0.0001,</p>b<p><i>p</i><0.0001,</p>c<p><i>p</i><0.01.</p>d<p><i>p</i><0.0001,</p>e<p><i>p</i><0.001,</p>f<p><i>p</i><0.001,</p>g<p><i>p</i><0.05,</p>h<p><i>p</i><0.05.</p><p>CFPM, cefepime; ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase; MEPM, meropenem; PIPC/TAZ, piperacillin-tazobactam; CPFX, ciprofloxacin.</p

Unit-wide antibiotic use shown as defined daily dose.

<p>Each number is shown to defined daily dose per 1000 patient days.</p><p>CFPM, cefepime; MEPM, meropenem; PIPC/TAZ, piperacillin-tazobactam; CPFX, ciprofloxacin.</p

Effect of antibiotic rotation on the etiology of bacteremic isolates.

<p>Rate indicates number of positive cultures per 1000 patient days.</p><p><i>P</i>-value shows statistical comparison for each variable between patients receiving pre-intervention and those receiving intervention.</p

Characteristics of patients before and after intervention.

<p><i>P</i>-value shows statistical comparison for each variable between patients receiving pre-intervention and those receiving intervention.</p><p>MDS, myelodysplastic syndromes;HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.</p><p>G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; MASCC, multinational association for supportive care in cancer.</p

MOESM1 of Musashi-1 is the candidate of the regulator of hair cell progenitors during inner ear regeneration

Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers used for quantitative RT-PCR. Table S2. Genes upregulated more than fivefold in hair cell s than in supporting cells. Table S3. Genes upregulated more than 2.5-fold in supporting cells than in hair cells

MOESM2 of Musashi-1 is the candidate of the regulator of hair cell progenitors during inner ear regeneration

Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Representative images of hematoxylin–eosin–stained sections of the sensory epithelium from chicken utricles. (A) Epithelium from a control (saline-injected) chicken. (B) Epithelium from a gentamicin sulfate-injected chicken on day 14 postinjection. Extruded hair cells (arrowheads) and phagocytosis (arrows) are indicated. Fig. S2. Representative images of BrdU incorporation in the utricle as analyzed by immunohistochemistry in control chickens (A) and aminoglycoside-treated chickens on days 2 (B), 7 (C), and 14 (D) after the last gentamicin injection. Fig. S3 Relative expression of the ATOH1 gene. Increased ATOH1 mRNA levels were detected in supporting cells 3 h after aminoglycoside injection and continued for the next 14 days (*p < 0.05)

Effect of antibiotic rotation on the etiology of stool isolates.

<p>Rate indicates number of positive cultures per 1000 patient days.</p><p><i>P</i>-value shows statistical comparison for each variable between patients receiving pre-intervention and those receiving intervention.</p

Antibiotic resistance of bacteremic isolates before and after intervention.

<p>Rate indicates number of positive cultures per 1000 patient days.</p>a,b,c<p><i>P</i>-value shows statistical comparison for each variable between patients receiving pre-intervention and those receiving intervention.</p>a<p><i>p</i> = 0.007,</p>b<p><i>p</i> = 0.013,</p>c<p><i>p</i> = 0.048.</p><p>CFPM, cefepime; ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase; MEPM, meropenem; PIPC/TAZ, piperacillin-tazobactam; CPFX, ciprofloxacin.</p

Univariate conditional logistic regression analysis of risk factors for <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> bacteremia compared to <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> bacteremia.

<p>Data are no. (%) of patients, unless indicated otheriwse.</p><p>^<i>a</i>Neutropenia was defined as an absolute neutrophil count of < 100 cells/mm³ at the onset of bacteremia.</p><p>^<i>b</i>Persistent neutropenia was defined as an episode in which a neutrophil count <100/mm³ persisted more than 2 weeks before the onset.</p><p>^<i>c</i>Anti-MRSAs included glycopeptides, linezolid, and daptomycin.</p><p>OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; CVC, central venous catheter; ICU, intensive care unit; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; TMP-SMX, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole</p><p>Univariate conditional logistic regression analysis of risk factors for <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> bacteremia compared to <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> bacteremia.</p