A Reliable Ex Vivo Invasion Assay Of Human Reticulocytes By Plasmodium Vivax

Currently, there are no reliable RBC invasion assays to guide the discovery of vaccines against Plasmodium vivax, the most prevalent malaria parasite in Asia and South America. Here we describe a protocol for an ex vivo P vivax invasion assay that can be easily deployed in laboratories located in endemic countries. The assay is based on mixing enriched cord blood reticulocytes with matured, trypsin-treated P vivax schizonts concentrated from clinical isolates. 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Use of microcosms to determine persistence of Escherichia coli in recreational coastal water and sediment and validation with in situ measurements

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