Localization of Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Hexagonal Arrays of Moire Cavities

Cataloged from PDF version of article.In view of the progress on the confinement of light, we report on the dispersion characteristics of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on two-dimensional Moire surfaces in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Polarization dependent spectroscopic reflection measurements show omnidirectional confinement of SPPs. The resonance wavelength of SPP cavity modes can be adjusted by tuning the propagation direction of SPPs. The results may have an impact on the control of spontaneous emission and absorption with applications in light emitting diodes and solar cells, as well as in quantum electrodynamics experiments. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3529469

Slowing surface plasmon polaritons on plasmonic coupled cavities by tuning grating grooves

Cataloged from PDF version of article.We investigate slow surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in plasmonic waveguiding bands formed by coupled plasmonic cavities on Moire surfaces. We demonstrate controlling the group velocity and dispersion of the SPPs by varying the depth of the plasmonic Bragg grating groove. Changing the grating depth results in modification of coupling coefficients between the cavities and hence the SPPs group velocity is altered. Variation in the group velocity and dispersion of SPPs can be measured with polarization dependent spectroscopic reflection measurements. Dispersion of SPPs has been calculated by finite-difference time-domain method in agreement with the experimental data. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3495781

Probing Voltage Drop Variations in Graphene with Photoelectron Spectrosopy

Cataloged from PDF version of article.We use X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for characterization of voltage drop variations of large area single-layer graphene on quartz substrates, by application of a voltage bias across two gold electrodes deposited on top. By monitoring the spatial variation of the kinetic energies of emitted Cls photoelectrons, we extract voltage variations in the graphene layer in a chemically specific format. The potential drop is uniform across the entire layer in the pristine sample but is not uniform in the oxidized one, due to cracks and/or morphological defects created during the oxidation process. This new way of data gathering reintroduces XPS as a major analytical tool for extracting electrical as well as chemical information about surface and/or nanostructured materials

Plasmon Interferometers for High-Throughput Sensing

Cataloged from PDF version of article.In this letter, we demonstrate a refractive index sensor based on a subwavelength plasmon interferometer. Illumination of an atilt subwavelength slit-grove pair on a metal surface with monochromatic light generates high-contrast interference fringes of the transmitted light. Detection of the refractive index of the dielectric medium on the metal surface is based on examining the relative position of the interference fringes. Integration of the plasmon interferometer with a microfluidic channel provides a sensitive, high-throughput sensor with small detection volume. (C) 2012 Optical Society of Americ

Rapid thermal annealing of graphene-metal contact

Cataloged from PDF version of article.High quality graphene-metal contacts are desirable for high-performance graphene based electronics. Process related factors result large variation in the contact resistance. A post-processing method is needed to improve graphene-metal contacts. In this letter, we studied rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of graphene-metal contacts. We present results of a systematic investigation of device scaling before and after RTA for various metals. The results reveal that RTA provides a convenient technique to reduce contact resistance, thus to obtain reproducible device operation. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics

Investigation of high frequency performance limit of graphene field effect transistors

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Extremely high field effect mobility together with the high surface coverage makes graphene a promising material for high frequency electronics application. We investigate the intrinsic high frequency performance limit of graphene field effect transistors limited by the charge impurity scattering. The output and transfer characteristics of graphene field effect transistors together with the high frequency performance are characterized as a function of impurity concentration and dielectric constant of the gate insulator. Our results reveal that graphene transistors could provide power gain at radio frequency band. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3506506

Plasmon-polaritons on graphene-metal surface and their use in biosensors

Cataloged from PDF version of article.We studied excitation of surface plasmon-polaritons on graphene-metal surface. The metal surface is functionalized by transfer printing of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition on copper foils. Surface plasmon resonance characteristics of monolayer and multilayer graphene on the metal surface are presented. We were able to obtain the dispersion relation of graphene-metal surface which reveals the essential feature of the plasmon-polaritons. As an application, we fabricated a surface plasmon resonance sensor integrated with a microfluidic device to study nonspecific physical interaction between graphene layer and proteins. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics

Solid Modeling and Finite Element Analysis of an Overhead Crane Bridge

The design of an overhead crane bridge with a double box girder has been investigated and a case study of a crane with 35 ton capacity and 13 m span length has been conducted. In the initial phase of the case study, conventional design calculations proposed by F. E. M. Rules and DIN standards were performed to verify the stress and deflection levels. The crane design was modeled using both solids and surfaces. Finite element meshes with 4-node tetrahedral and 4-node quadrilateral shell elements were generated from the solid and shell models, respectively. After a comparison of the finite element analyses, the conventional calculations and performance of the existing crane, the analysis with quadratic shell elements was found to give the most realistic results. As a result of this study, a design optimization method for an overhead crane is proposed.

Topological transitions in carbon nanotube networks via nanoscale confinement

Efforts aimed at large-scale integration of nanoelectronic devices that exploit the superior electronic and mechanical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) remain limited by the difficulties associated with manipulation and packaging of individual SWNTs. Alternative approaches based on ultra-thin carbon nanotube networks (CNNs) have enjoyed success of late with the realization of several scalable device applications. However, precise control over the network electronic transport is challenging due to i) an often uncontrollable interplay between network coverage and its topology and ii) the inherent electrical heterogeneity of the constituent SWNTs. In this letter, we use template-assisted fluidic assembly of SWCNT networks to explore the effect of geometric confinement on the network topology. Heterogeneous SWCNT networks dip-coated onto sub-micron wide ultra-thin polymer channels exhibit a topology that becomes increasingly aligned with decreasing channel width and thickness. Experimental scale coarse-grained computations of interacting SWCNTs show that the effect is a reflection of an aligned topology that is no longer dependent on the network density, which in turn emerges as a robust knob that can induce semiconductor-to-metallic transitions in the network response. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of directed assembly on channels with varying degrees of confinement as a simple tool to tailor the conductance of the otherwise heterogeneous network, opening up the possibility of robust large-scale CNN-based devices.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Graphene based flexible electrochromic devices

Graphene emerges as a viable material for optoelectronics because of its broad optical response and gate-tunable properties. For practical applications, however, single layer graphene has performance limits due to its small optical absorption defined by fundamental constants. Here, we demonstrated a new class of flexible electrochromic devices using multilayer graphene (MLG) which simultaneously offers all key requirements for practical applications; high-contrast optical modulation over a broad spectrum, good electrical conductivity and mechanical flexibility. Our method relies on electro-modulation of interband transition of MLG via intercalation of ions into the graphene layers. The electrical and optical characterizations reveal the key features of the intercalation process which yields broadband optical modulation up to 55 per cent in the visible and near-infrared. We illustrate the promises of the method by fabricating reflective/transmissive electrochromic devices and multi-pixel display devices. Simplicity of the device architecture and its compatibility with the roll-to-roll fabrication processes, would find wide range of applications including smart windows and display devices. We anticipate that this work provides a significant step in realization of graphene based optoelectronics