Herbicidal potential of catechol as an allelochemical.

Catechol is an allelochemical which belongs to phenolic compounds synthesized in plants. Its herbicidal effects on weed species; field poppy (Papaver rhoeas), creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense), henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) were investigated using wheat (Triticum vulgare) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) species as control plants. In comparison to 2,4-D (a common synthetic herbicide), 13.64 mm of catechol have been found to have a strong herbicidal effect, as effective as 2,4-D on field poppy weed by killing it, and a suppressive herbicidal effect on the other weeds by inhibiting their growth significantly. Concerning all the weeds, in general, elongation of the shoot was affected more negatively than that of the root. Fresh weights of the weeds were decreased by catechol significantly only in field poppy but not in other weeds. The study reveals that catechol is a potent inhibitor of growth of the weeds and therefore it can be evaluated as a herbicide for future weed management strategies

Comparative retrotransposon analysis of mutant and non-mutant rice varieties grown at different salt concentrations

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of retrotransposon movements on the regeneration of 15- and 30-day-old leaves and roots of four different rice varieties grown in tissue culture medium at different salt concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 200 mmol/L) by Inter Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) and Retrotransposon Microsatellite Amplified Polymorphism (REMAP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based marker methods. The study used Hopi, Houba, Osr30, Tos17 primers for IRAP analysis. The (GA)9C ISSR primer was used with four IRAP primers in REMAP analyses. There were different band profiles and polymorphism results between different salts concentrations of the same variety and various rice varieties. We observed that the polymorphism ratios for Houba ranged from 0 to 98% in IRAP and REMAP analyzes in the calculation made with the Jaccard similarity index in mutant samples. We report that mutant varieties give more valuable IRAP and REMAP results than non-mutant varieties. The results reported in this study contribute to understanding the effect of salinity stress on rice in terms of retrotransposon-based molecular markers. These results suggest that all tested retrotransposons are still active, causing genomic polymorphism among rice plantlets

ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF JUGLONE ON GROWTH OF CUCUMBER AND MUSKMELON SEEDLINGS WITH RESPECT TO ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITIES AND LIPID PEROXIDATION

The effects of juglone, which exists in walnut and has allelopathic effect, on seedling growth and biochemical stress parameters were researched in this study. While a significant decrease was observed in the growth parameters (seedling elongation, fresh and dry weights) of cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Beith Alpha) and muskmelon (Ananas) (Cucumis melo cv. Ananas), an increase was observed in muskmelon (Kis Kavunu) (Cucumis melo cv. Kis Kavunu) by the effect of juglone. On the other hand, juglone increased malonyldialdehyde (MDA) levels of cucumber and muskmelon (Ananas) significantly, whereas it decreased MDA level of muskmelon (Kis Kavunu). However, juglone decreased catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities of cucumber and muskmelon (Ananas), but it was contrary to those of muskmelon (Kis Kavunu). As a result of juglone effect, a positive correlation was observed between seedling growth and antioxidant enzyme (CAT, SOD) activities, but a negative correlation with lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels was seen

ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF JUGLONE ON GROWTH OF CUCUMBER AND MUSKMELON SEEDLINGS WITH RESPECT TO ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITIES AND LIPID PEROXIDATION

The effects of juglone, which exists in walnut and has allelopathic effect, on seedling growth and biochemical stress parameters were researched in this study. While a significant decrease was observed in the growth parameters (seedling elongation, fresh and dry weights) of cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Beith Alpha) and muskmelon (Ananas) (Cucumis melo cv. Ananas), an increase was observed in muskmelon (Kis Kavunu) (Cucumis melo cv. Kis Kavunu) by the effect of juglone. On the other hand, juglone increased malonyldialdehyde (MDA) levels of cucumber and muskmelon (Ananas) significantly, whereas it decreased MDA level of muskmelon (Kis Kavunu). However, juglone decreased catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities of cucumber and muskmelon (Ananas), but it was contrary to those of muskmelon (Kis Kavunu). As a result of juglone effect, a positive correlation was observed between seedling growth and antioxidant enzyme (CAT, SOD) activities, but a negative correlation with lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels was seen