Expression of SATB1 protein in the ductal breast carcinoma tissue microarrays — preliminary study

Abstract: Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (SATB1) is a nuclear matrix protein which interacts with specific regions of DNA, ensuring its proper organization and function in the cell. The expression of SATB1 was primarily found in thymocytes, but its increased levels were observed in various types of cancers. However, the knowledge of the function and application possibilities of this protein is still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of SATB1 protein using immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray (TMA) technique and determine its possible relationship with the proliferative marker Ki-67, estrogen a (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors as well as grade of histological malignancy (G). The study was performed on material of 48 archival invasive ductal breast cancers (IDC). The TMAs were prepared with the use of 0.6 mm diameter punches. Immunohistochemical reactions were carried out using antibodies against Ki-67, ER, PR and SATB1 proteins. The intensity of the nuclear reaction was evaluated using a light microscope and computer-assisted image analysis. Expression of Ki-67 and SATB1 protein was observed in 89.58% and 31.25% of cancer cases, respectively. 62.5% of tumors were classified as ER-positive, and 47.92% as PR-positive. Statistical analysis showed a moderate positive correlation between Ki-67 and SATB1 expression (r = 0.291, p = 0.045 independently on the receptor status, and r = 0.392, p = 0.032 in ER-negative tumors). The expression of the Ki-67 antigen increased with higher grade of histological malignancy (G). The results suggest that SATB1 protein may play an indirect role in the cell proliferation and should be evaluated in relation to the other markers. Further studies concerning determination of its role in cancer progression and metastasis, in terms of application as therapeutic target and prognostic marker, are recommended

The usefulness of periostin determination in gynecology and obstetrics

Periostin (POSTN) is a multifunctional glycoprotein that belongs to the group of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Dueto the molecular structure, cellular interactions, tissue locations as well functions of POSTN, we realize that its pivotalrole is organization and regulation of ECM microenvironment. In available databases there is a lack of data summarizingcurrent knowledge about POSTN expression in the field of gynecology and obstetrics. We conducted a search in PubMedof the National Library of Medicine and Google Scholar. Databases were extensively searched for all original and reviewarticles/book chapters published in English until December 2019 and related to periostin expression. All relevant articleswere reviewed and presented as appropriate.In the field of POSTN expression there is only one paper evaluating its involvement in cervical cancer cell metabolism andonly two studies analyzing its myometrial commitment: maintenance during pregnancy and induction of parturition inphysiology as well control of fibroids biology in pathology. Much more attention has been devoted to the expression ofdescribed protein in the endometriosis, and above all in ovarian cancer. Finally, a few studies carried out among pregnantwomen were presented.In this review study we presented current knowledge about periostin expression in the field of gynecology and obstetrics.Many achieved results are interesting and further studies are needed to verify some hypotheses. Structure, signalingpathways as well many functions of periostin are well-described. However, as it was clearly shown there is a lot of unknownissues which are waiting to be explored

Wzrost jądrowej ekspresji metalotioneiny I/II w transformacji nowotworowej endometrium

Objectives: The aim of our study was to investigate the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), metallothionein (MT) I/II, and Ki-67 antigen in endometrial cancer. We analyzed cytoplasmic (cMT) and nuclear (nMT) metallothionein fractions separately. Moreover, we evaluated the relationships between expressions of the above mentioned proteins and compared them with clinicopathologic data. Material and methods: The study material included paraffin-embedded endometrial cancer samples from 84 patients. The control group consisted of 52 non-neoplastic endometrium samples. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed using monoclonal antibodies against EGFR, MT I/II and Ki-67. Expression intensity of the tested proteins was assessed by computer image analysis software. Chi-square, Spearman’s correlation, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis with Statistica 8.0 PL. Results: Strong expression of nMT was revealed in endometrial cancer cells in relation to benign hyperplasia (pCel pracy: Nasze badania dotyczyły analizy ekspresji receptora naskórkowego czynnika wzrostu (EGFR), metalotioneiny (MT) I/II oraz antygenu Ki-67 w raku endometrium. Nasilenie ekspresji metalotioneiny analizowaliśmy oddzielnie we frakcjach cytoplazmatycznej (cMT) oraz jądrowej (nMT). Ocenie zostały poddane wzajemne zależności pomiędzy ekspresją badanych białek jak również ich ekspresja w odniesieniu do danych kliniczno-patologicznych. Materiał i metody: Materiał do badań stanowiły 84 archiwalne bloczki parafinowe raków trzonu macicy. Grupa kontrolna składała się z 52 przypadków nienowotworowych zmian endometrium. Reakcje immunohistochemiczne przeprowadzono przy użyciu przeciwciał monoklonalnych przeciwko: EGFR, MT I/II oraz Ki-67. Analizę intensywności ekspresji badanych białek przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem oprogramowania do komputerowej analizy obrazu. Obliczenia statystyczne zostały przeprowadzone za pomocą testów: chi-kwadrat, korelacji Spearmana, Manna-Whitneya i Kruskala-Wallisa, przy użyciu programu Statistica 8.0 PL. Wyniki: Zaobserwowano silniejszą ekspresję nMT w komórkach raka endometrium w stosunku do łagodnego rozrostu (

Clinical studies monitoring circulating and disseminated tumor cells in gastrointestinal cancers

Abstract: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) are responsible for the development of metastatic disease, and may also hold the key to determining tailored therapies of advanced cancer disease. Our review summarizes the prognostic significance of the detection of CTCs and DTCs in various gastrointestinal cancers with an overview of their possible use as prognostic biomarkers. This could be used inthe future as a starting point for new clinical trials focusing on the predictive potential of circulating and disseminated tumor cells

Circulating tumor cells in urological cancers

Circulating tumor cells (CTC) represent a very small subpopulation of the cancer cells found in the bloodstream of patients in the metastatic phase of neoplastic disease. Due to the timeline of the disease, they are regarded as a negative prognostic marker. This study focused on determining CTC percentages; these values vary between different types of cancer. In addition to their diagnostic use, CTCs may also be used to treat the disease. Calculating CTC population size and analyzing their biology in patients in advanced stages of cancer may prove valuable in creating a molecular profile for the disease. This would strongly encourage diagnostics and enable personalized treatment. We here present an analysis of recent data on CTCs in urological cancers and their potential uses. (Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 2017, Vol. 55, No. 3, 107–113

Circulating tumor cells in urological cancers

Circulating tumor cells (CTC) represent a very small subpopulation of the cancer cells found in the bloodstream of patients in the metastatic phase of neoplastic disease. Due to the timeline of the disease, they are regarded as a negative prognostic marker. This study focused on determining CTC percentages; these values vary be­tween different types of cancer. In addition to their diagnostic use, CTCs may also be used to treat the disease. Calculating CTC population size and analyzing their biology in patients in advanced stages of cancer may prove valuable in creating a molecular profile for the disease. This would strongly encourage diagnostics and enable personalized treatment. We here present an analysis of recent data on CTCs in urological cancers and their potential uses

Histopathological case report of high grade salivary duct carcinoma

The case of a 39-year-old man with slowly growing mass in the superior part of left parotid region is described. Patient presented neurological symptoms including hypomobility of lower left eyelid and inability of complete closure of left side eyelids resulting in conjunctivitis and hyperlacrimation. Routine physical examination supported by image and laboratory tests was performed. Pathomorphological results of hematoxylin and eosin staining as well immunohistochemical examination in view of clinical presentation pointed to diagnosis of high grade salivary duct carcinoma. Rare incidence, histological view similar to breast cancer and body localization are sufficient reasons for further analyses and descriptions of this type of lesions

Metallothioneins in the lung cancer

Metallothioneins (MTs) are low weight proteins involved in several key cellular processes such as metal ions homeostasis, detoxification and scavenging of free radicals. Four groups of MTs are distinguished: MT-1, MT-2, MT-3 and MT-4. Regardless of the type, MTs are characterized by high content of cysteine, responsible for their biological properties such as binding of relevant zinc and copper ions, as well as toxic ions such as lead and cadmium. MTs were additionally shown to protect cells against oxidative stress damage and participate in differentiation, proliferation and/or apoptosis of normal and cancer cells. Many studies of different neoplasms showed association of elevated MTs levels with occurrence of chemo- and radiotherapy resistance and poor patients’ outcome. In this review, we summarize and discuss the potential mechanism of action of metallotioneins in lung physiology and pathology

Correlation of Ki-67 and MCM-2 proliferative marker expression with grade of histological malignancy (G) in ductal breast cancers.

The study aimed at examining a relationship between expression of Ki-67 antigen and minichromosome maintenance 2 protein (MCM-2) and a grade of histological malignancy G in ductal breast cancers. The function of widely used marker of proliferation Ki-67 is still not clear. In contrast, the MCM-2 protein is well known to play an important role in controlling the cell cycle. Both proteins represent small protein molecules, which manifest nuclear expression only during cell division of normal and neoplastic cells. Their expression is noted in several malignant tumours. These studies were conducted on 56 archival paraffin blocks of ductal breast cancers. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed using monoclonal Ki-67- and MCM-2-specific antibodies. Statistical analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between expressions of two proteins (r=0.6;

Matrix metalloproteinases-2, -7 and tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 expression in human endometrium

Introduction. Endometrium undergoes regular, cyclic tissue remodeling mostly associated to the endocrine system status. It is well-known fact that steroid hormones are strongly responsible for changes in endometrium. The precise mechanism of their action is still under investigation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of metalloproteinases 2 and 7 (MMP-2, -7) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) in human endometrium in relation to serum concentrations of estradiol and progesterone during different phases of menstrual cycle.Material and methods. The study material consisted of 52 biopsy samples; 12 obtained in the proliferative phase, 11 in the secretory phase and 29 during menstruation. Expression of MMP-2, MMP-7 and TIMP-1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Serum concentrations of estradiol and progesterone at time of biopsy were evaluated by immunochemistry assay. Results of the study were statistically assessed by linear regression model.Results. Increased serum concentration of estradiol was associated with increased MMP-2 expression in proliferative phase but decreased in secretory phase and during menstruation. No significant relationship was found between progesterone concentration and MMP-2 expression. Moreover, no difference in the expression of MMP-7 and TIMP-1 in the endometrium in relation to hormone levels and menstrual cycle phases were observed.Conclusions. The results of the study indicate that estradiol influence MMP-2 expression in the endometrium depends on the phase of menstrual cycle. Such relationships were not found for MMP-7 and TIMP-1 and further tests clarifying association between estradiol and MMPs are needed.