Search for the Sagittarius Tidal Stream of Axion Dark Matter around 4.55 μ\mueV

We report the first search for the Sagittarius tidal stream of axion dark matter around 4.55 $\mu$eV using CAPP-12TB haloscope data acquired in March of 2022. Our result excluded the Sagittarius tidal stream of Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitskii and Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov axion dark matter densities of $\rho_a\gtrsim0.184$ and $\gtrsim0.025$ GeV/cm$^{3}$, respectively, over a mass range from 4.51 to 4.59 $\mu$eV at a 90% confidence level.Comment: 6 pages, 7 Figures, PRD Letter accepte

Extensive search for axion dark matter over 1\,GHz with CAPP's Main Axion eXperiment

We report an extensive high-sensitivity search for axion dark matter above 1\,GHz at the Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP). The cavity resonant search, exploiting the coupling between axions and photons, explored the frequency (mass) range of 1.025\,GHz (4.24\,$\mu$eV) to 1.185\,GHz (4.91\,$\mu$eV). We have introduced a number of innovations in this field, demonstrating the practical approach of optimizing all the relevant parameters of axion haloscopes, extending presently available technology. The CAPP 12\,T magnet with an aperture of 320\,mm made of Nb$_3$Sn and NbTi superconductors surrounding a 37-liter ultralight-weight copper cavity is expected to convert DFSZ axions into approximately $10^2$ microwave photons per second. A powerful dilution refrigerator, capable of keeping the core system below 40\,mK, combined with quantum-noise limited readout electronics, achieved a total system noise of about 200\,mK or below, which corresponds to a background of roughly $4\times 10^3$ photons per second within the axion bandwidth. The combination of all those improvements provides unprecedented search performance, imposing the most stringent exclusion limits on axion--photon coupling in this frequency range to date. These results also suggest an experimental capability suitable for highly-sensitive searches for axion dark matter above 1\,GHz.Comment: A detailed axion dark matter article with 27 pages, 22 figure

Axion Haloscopes with Toroidal Geometry at CAPP/IBS

\hspace{3ex} The present state of the art axion haloscope employs a cylindrical resonant cavity in a solenoidal field. We, the Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP) of the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) in Korea, are also pursuing halo axion discovery using this cylindrical geometry. However, the presence of end caps of cavities increases challenges as we explore higher frequency regions for the axion at above 2 GHz. To overcome these challenges we exploit a toroidal design of cavity and magnetic field. A toroidal geometry offers several advantages, two of which are a larger volume for a given space and greatly reduced fringe fields which interfere with our preamps, in particular the planned quantum-based devices. We introduce the concept of toroidal axion haloscopes and present ongoing research activities and plans at CAPP/IBS

Axion Haloscopes with Toroidal Geometry at CAPP/IBS

\hspace{3ex} The present state of the art axion haloscope employs a cylindrical resonant cavity in a solenoidal field. We, the Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP) of the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) in Korea, are also pursuing halo axion discovery using this cylindrical geometry. However, the presence of end caps of cavities increases challenges as we explore higher frequency regions for the axion at above 2 GHz. To overcome these challenges we exploit a toroidal design of cavity and magnetic field. A toroidal geometry offers several advantages, two of which are a larger volume for a given space and greatly reduced fringe fields which interfere with our preamps, in particular the planned quantum-based devices. We introduce the concept of toroidal axion haloscopes and present ongoing research activities and plans at CAPP/IBS

Development of an FPGA-based realtime DAQ system for axion haloscope experiments

A real-time Data Acquisition (DAQ) system for the CULTASK axion haloscope experiment was constructed and tested. The CULTASK is an experiment to search for cosmic axions using resonant cavities, to detect photons from axion conversion through the inverse Primakoff effect in a few GHz frequency range in a very high magnetic field and at an ultra low temperature. The constructed DAQ system utilizes a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for data processing and Fast Fourier Transformation. This design along with a custom Ethernet packet designed for real-time data transfer enables 100% DAQ efficiency, which is the key feature compared with a commercial spectrum analyzer. This DAQ system is optimally designed for RF signal detection in the axion experiment, with 100 Hz frequency resolution and 500 kHz analysis window. The noise level of the DAQ system averaged over 100,000 measurements is around -111.7 dBm. From a pseudo-data analysis, an improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio due to repeating and averaging the measurements using this real-time DAQ system was confirmed.11Nsciescopu

Safety Analysis of Grounding Resistance with Depth of Water for Floating PVs

Underwater grounding methods could be applied in deep water for grounding a floating PV (photovoltaic) system. However, the depth at which the electrodes should be located is a controversial subject. In this study, grounding resistance was measured for the first time by analyzing the water temperature at different water depths in an area where a floating PV system is installed. The theoretical calculation of the grounding resistance has a maximum error range of 8% compared to the experimentally measured data. In order to meet the electrical safety standards of a floating PV system, a number of electrodes were connected in parallel. In addition, the distance between electrodes and number of electrodes were considered in the test to obtain a formula for the grounding resistance. In addition, the coefficient of corrosion was obtained from an electrode installed underwater a year ago, and it was added to the formula. Through this analysis, it is possible to predict the grounding resistance prior to installing the floating PV system. Furthermore, the electrical safety of the floating PV system could be achieved by considering the seasonal changes in water temperature

Axion Dark Matter Search around 4.55 μeV with Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitskii Sensitivity

We report an axion dark matter search at Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitskii sensitivity with the CAPP-12TB haloscope, assuming axions contribute 100% of the local dark matter density. The search excluded the axion-photon coupling gaγγ down to about 6.2×10-16 GeV-1 over the axion mass range between 4.51 and 4.59 μeV at a 90% confidence level. The achieved experimental sensitivity can also exclude Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov axion dark matter that makes up just 13% of the local dark matter density. The CAPP-12TB haloscope will continue the search over a wide range of axion masses. © 2023 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.11Nsciescopu