Um olhar sobre a observação na sala de aula : por um ensino reflexivo

Orientador: John Robert SchmitzDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da LinguagemResumo: A percepção da complexidade inerente ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem de língua estrangeira, desafiando constantemente o desenvolvimento do professor, serviu de ponto de partida para esse estudo que busca investigar a potencial idade da observação na sua articulação com esse desenvolvimento. Para levar a cabo a investigação, os dados que lhe serviram de base foram colhidos em aulas de Lingüística Aplicada, Prática de Ensino e Prática Oral de Língua Inglesa, por meio de gravações em áudio, notas de campo, entrevista, diário de estudo e diário de ensino. A análise dos dados revelam que a observação se constitui num instrumento com o potencial de fazer emergir da prática de sala de aula a percepção de questões importantes do seu âmbito. Se elevadas pela incidência da reflexão ao nível da conscientização e por meio dela se tomem objeto da ação do professor-observador, podem possibilitar o seu crescimento em direção àquelas ações pedagógicas que se constituem em movimentos de aproximação a uma prática frutíferaAbstract: The perception of the complexity inherent in the process of foreign language teaching end learning, constantly challenging the teacher' s development, served as the departing point for this study that attempts to investigate the potentiality of observation in its articulation with this development. In order to carry on the the research, the data that served as the basis were collected m the classes of Applied Linguistics, Teaching Practice and English Language Oral Practice, by means of audio recordings, field notes, interviews and the examination of study and teaching diaries. The analysis of the data showed that observation constitutes in itself a tool with the potential for bringing to the surface from the classroom practice the perception of important questions in the field of foreign language learning and teaching. If the questions conceming the focus of reflexion are raised to the levei of conciousness and by means of this reflexion they become the observing-teacher' s object of action, then they may give rise to the growth of teachers towards those pedagogical actions that empower a fruitful practiceMestradoEnsino-Aprendizagem de Segunda Lingua e Lingua EstrangeiraMestre em Linguística Aplicad

Fatigue and Recovery Time Course After Female Soccer Matches: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to analyze the extent of fatigue responses after female soccer matches and the ensuing recovery time course of performance, physiological, and perceptual responses. METHODS: Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus) were searched in October 2020 and updated in November 2021. Studies were included when participants were female soccer players, regardless of their ability level. Further, the intervention was an official soccer match with performance, physiological, or perceptual parameters collected pre- and post-match (immediately, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h-post). RESULTS: A total of 26 studies (n = 465 players) were included for meta-analysis. Most performance parameters showed some immediate post-match reduction (effect size [ES] = - 0.72 to - 1.80), apart from countermovement jump (CMJ; ES = - 0.04). Reduced CMJ performance occurred at 12 h (ES = - 0.38) and 24 h (ES = - 0.42) and sprint at 48 h post-match (ES = - 0.75). Inflammatory and immunological parameters responded acutely with moderate-to-large increases (ES = 0.58-2.75) immediately post-match. Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase alterations persisted at 72 h post-match (ES = 3.79 and 7.46, respectively). Small-to-moderate effects were observed for increased cortisol (ES = 0.75) and reduced testosterone/cortisol ratio (ES = -0.47) immediately post-match, while negligible to small effects existed for testosterone (ES = 0.14) and estradiol (ES = 0.34). Large effects were observed for perceptual variables, with increased fatigue (ES = 1.79) and reduced vigor (ES = - 0.97) at 12 h post-match, while muscle soreness was increased immediately post (ES = 1.63) and at 24 h post-match (ES = 1.00). CONCLUSIONS: Acute fatigue exists following female soccer matches, and the performance, physiological, and perceptual parameters showed distinctive recovery timelines. Importantly, physical performance was recovered at 72 h post-match, whereas muscle damage markers were still increased at this time point. These timelines should be considered when planning training and match schedules. However, some caution should be advised given the small number of studies available on this population. REGISTRATION: The protocol for this systematic review was pre-registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, Registration Number: CRD42021237857)

Fermi LAT Search for Photon Lines from 30 to 200 GeV and Dark Matter Implications

Dark matter (DM) particle annihilation or decay can produce monochromatic $\gamma$-rays readily distinguishable from astrophysical sources. $\gamma$-ray line limits from 30 GeV to 200 GeV obtained from 11 months of Fermi Large Area Space Telescope data from 20-300 GeV are presented using a selection based on requirements for a $\gamma$-ray line analysis, and integrated over most of the sky. We obtain $\gamma$-ray line flux upper limits in the range $0.6-4.5\times 10^{-9}\mathrm{cm}^{-2}\mathrm{s}^{-1}$, and give corresponding DM annihilation cross-section and decay lifetime limits. Theoretical implications are briefly discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication by The Physical Review Letter

Development of Graphene Synthesis and Characterization Techniques Toward CMOS Applications and Beyond

Graphene exhibits mechanical and electrical properties which, coupled with its two dimensional (2D) morphology, make it an attractive material component for inclusion in a wide range of industries. Since the discovery of graphene in 2004, industry adoption has been limited due to the demanding synthesis requirements for high quality and connected graphene as well as the difficulties associated with direct incorporation. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has emerged as the most cost efficient method for producing high quality graphene at scales suitable for mass production. However, the 1000°C temperatures and micrometer thick catalysts required for this process preclude direct inclusion in applications with topographically varied surfaces as graphene is produced in planar sheets that must be transferred. One attractive application for graphene is as a diffusion barrier in CMOS applications as the single atom thick material has shown significant ability to block copper diffusion at elevated temperatures. For realization of this application, both the required catalyst thicknesses and synthesis temperatures for graphene production must be reduced to enable direct graphene incorporation on these nanoscale and nonplanar surfaces without thermal damage to existing components. A second application in which graphene inclusion would be beneficial is the field of spintronics, in which the spin orientation of electrons are used as an additional degree of freedom for computation and information storage. This beyond-CMOS application represents an avenue for significant improvement over current technologies and graphene, with its weak spin orbit coupling and high electron mobility, displays potential as a long-distance spin transport component of future spintronic devices. Characterization of graphene’s spin transport properties has been primarily investigated in a nonlocal spin valve device (NLSV), resulting in experimental spin transport parameters orders of magnitude below those theoretical predicted. To advance graphene as a component for future spintronic applications, new device designs to explore spin transport phenomena not detectable in NLSV devices as well as scalable fabrication techniques will be needed. In this work, we develop graphene synthesis techniques to reduce required temperatures through hydrocarbon precursor control during plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Through manipulation of the size and ionization state of hydrocarbon precursors that interact with the growth catalyst, we demonstrate 95% few-to-monolayer graphene synthesis at 500°C on 50 nm catalysts, representing a 10-fold reduction in catalyst thickness requirements at temperatures approaching the limit for direct incorporation in CMOS applications. Additionally, we demonstrate manipulation of metal catalyst morphology and composition toward controlling graphene layer number, defect types, and uniformity. Characterization of trimetallic catalysts, compared to single metal or bimetallic catalysts traditionally examined in literature, reveal that low temperature graphene synthesis pathways can be manipulated through small additions of less reactive metals (Gold and Copper) to primarily high reactivity metal catalysts (Ni) through both energetic and surface modulation resulting in monolayer graphene synthesis. While low temperature graphene synthesis techniques are needed for graphene incorporation in current CMOS products, beyond-CMOS applications do not necessarily require temperature restrictions on synthesis as fabrication of these devices can implement planar graphene as the first device component. To characterize graphene as a spin transport channel, commercially available graphene grown at elevated temperatures is used to address spin transport properties through design of a novel device configuration, the hybrid drift diffusion spin valve (HDDSV), in which an additional transport channel is added to the standard NLSV. This device architecture has not been previously studied and is aimed at revealing magnetic contact effects on graphene spin transport as well as exploring drift and diffusion interactions with respect to achievable spin signals. Wafer scale fabrication of these devices is demonstrated and processing techniques are optimized to enable spin signal detection on arrays containing 120 individual devices. Characterization of the new HDDSV configuration reveals changes to detected spin signals in both the standard NLSV portion and the added channel, revealing spin signals as large as 865Ω in the additional transport channel compared to an average signal of 7.3Ω in the traditional configuration. The additional channels also exhibit detectable spin signal under a 3 point local measurement, representing a potential avenue toward long distance spin transport and enabling increased device complexity that will be necessary for the realization of graphene based spintronic devices. These findings represent the development of graphene synthesis and characterization techniques aimed at advancing fundamental understanding and enabling further practical application. The methods developed in this study serve as new avenues for continued improvement toward direct incorporation of a material that has the potential to revolutionize a number of fields

Dutch Otologic Quality registry

Gehoorbeperkingen hebben zeer grote impact op de kwaliteit van leven van de patiënt. Sociale omgang, sport en werk worden sterk beïnvloed als je niet goed hoort. Betere zorg voor patiënten met gehoorverlies draagt bij aan het verminderen van de ervaren ziektelast en hetnzorggebruik en -kosten die daarvan een gevolg kan zijn. Zo kunnen ooraandoeningen leiden tot onnodige ontwikkelingsachterstand bij kinderen, sociaal isolement met druk op andere sectoren van de zorg als gevolg of mentale/cognitieve achteruitgang bij ouderen. Het belangrijkste doel van de DOQ is om inzicht te krijgen in de kwaliteit van otologische zorg in Nederland en deze verder te verbeteren door spiegelinformatie te geven aan KNO-artsen. Daarnaast is de DOQ bedoeld om onderzoek mee te doen, patiëntinformatie te maken, voor landelijke stuurinformatie en externe verantwoording. De NVKNO stimuleert en ondersteunt het gebruik van de spiegelinformatie, onder andere door bijeenkomsten te organiseren waarin deze besproken wordt en door uitkomsten op te nemen in de kwaliteitsvisitaties. De DOQ bevat gegevens over zeven aandoeningen: Otitis media, Cholesteatoom, Bone conduction device, Cochleair implantaat, Afwijking gehoorbeenketen, Trommelvliesperforatie en Chronische otitis media