Development of Virtual Toddler Fit Models for Child Safety Restraint Design

The design of child restraints is guided in part by data on the size and shape of child occupants. This study presents for the first time statistical body shape models for children weighing 9 to 27 kg (20 to 60 lb) in a seated posture relevant to child restraint design. A laboratory study was conducted with 47 child participants, ages 12 to 48 months. Standard anthropometric dimensions were taken and whole-body surface scans were conducted in a range of postures. A three- dimensional coordinate measurement system was used to record body landmarks. The body surface data were analyzed using novel template fitting methods to obtain homologous meshes for each participant in a standardized seated posture. Data from the current study were combined with data from a preceding study to obtain body scans from 68 children. Principal component analysis and regression were used to develop a statistical body shape model (SBSM). The SBSM was exercised to create 18 manikins representing children with long and short torsos at body weights ranging from 20 to 60 lb. These manikins will be useful for assessing child accommodation in restraints. The SBSM can provide guidance for the development of anthropomorphic test devices and computational models of child occupants.https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136629/1/UMTRI-2015-38.pdfDescription of UMTRI-2015-38.pdf : Technical Repor

Modelling head injury due to unmanned aircraft systems collision: Crash dummy vs human body

Recent developments in the concept of UAS operations in urban areas have led to risk concerns of UAS collision with human. To better understand this risk, head and neck injuries due to UAS collisions have been investigated by different research teams using crash dummies. Because of the limitations in biofidelity of a crash dummy, head injury level for a crash dummy impact may differ from the human body impact. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate differences in head and neck injuries subject to UAS collision with an often used crash dummy and a human body. To perform such investigation, multibody system (MBS) models have been used to simulate UAS impacts on validated models of the crash dummy and the human body. The findings confirm the moderate risks of head and neck injuries that have been reported. However, neck load differs significantly between the crash dummy model and the human body model, and the human body model sustains larger head injury but smaller neck injury compared to the crash dummy model.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Aerospace Transport & OperationsStructural Integrity & CompositesIntelligent VehiclesControl & Simulatio