Analisis Integrasi Padi Ikan Dalam Perspektif Agro Ekonomi

This study aimed to obtain information integration rice fish viewed from the perspective of agroeconomics. This study is motivated by the growth rate of rice production which likely to decline, decline in soil fertility due to continuous intensification. The method used was a survey method by taking the case of rice - fish farming in Solokan Jeruk District Bandung Regency West Java Province. Purposive sampling is used in this research. The expected benefit is to increase rice production, fish seed supply, income and welfare of farmers and the development of efficient utilization of paddy fields. The results showed the integration of fish rice as seen as agro-economic was positively gave the benefit for both farmers and for agricultural land itself. Keywords: rice, agro-econom

Breast development in transwomen after 1 year of cross-sex hormone therapy : results of a prospective multicenter study

Context: Breast development is a key feature of feminization and therefore important to transwomen (male-to-female transgender persons). It is not exactly known when breast development starts after initiating cross-sex hormone therapy (CHT) and how much growth may be expected. Objective: To investigate breast development in transwomen during their first year of CHT and whether clinical or laboratory parameters predict breast development. Design: This study was performed as part of the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence, which is a prospective multicenter cohort study. Setting: Gender clinics in Amsterdam, Ghent, and Florence. Participants: Transwomen who completed the first year of CHT (n = 229). Intervention: CHT. Main Outcome Measures: Breast development in centimeter and cup size. Results: The median age of the included transwomen was 28 years (range, 18 to 69). Mean breast-chest difference increased to 7.9 +/- 3.1 cm after 1 year of CHT, mainly resulting in less than an AAA cup size (48.7%). Main breast development occurred in the first 6 months of therapy. Serum estradiol levels did not predict breast development after 1 year of CHT (first quartile, 3.6 cm [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.7 to 4.5], second quartile, 3.2 cm [95% CI, 2.3 to 4.2], third quartile, 4.4 cm [95% CI, 3.5 to 5.3], and fourth quartile, 3.6 cm [95% CI, 2.7 to 4.5]). Conclusion: This study shows that, after 1 year of CHT, breast development is modest and occurs primarily in the first 6 months. No clinical or laboratory parameters were found that predict breast development

Bone mineral density increases in trans persons after 1 year of hormonal treatment : a multicenter prospective observational study

Sex steroids are important determinants of bone acquisition and bone homeostasis. Cross-sex hormonal treatment (CHT) in transgender persons can affect bone mineral density (BMD). The aim of this study was to investigate in a prospective observational multicenter study the first-year effects of CHT on BMD in transgender persons. A total of 231 transwomen and 199 transmen were included who completed the first year of CHT. Transwomen were treated with cyproterone acetate and oral or transdermal estradiol; transmen received transdermal or intramuscular testosterone. A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed to measure lumbar spine (LS), total hip (TH), and femoral neck (FN) BMD before and after 1 year of CHT. In transwomen, an increase in LS (+3.67%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.20 to 4.13%, p < 0.001), TH (+0.97%, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.31%, p < 0.001), and FN (+1.86%, 95% CI 1.41 to 2.31%, p < 0.001) BMD was found. In transmen, TH BMD increased after 1 year of CHT (+1.04%, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.44%, p < 0.001). No changes were observed in FN BMD (–0.46%, 95% CI –1.07 to 0.16%, p = 0.144). The increase in LS BMD was larger in transmen aged ≥50 years (+4.32%, 95% CI 2.28 to 6.36%, p = 0.001) compared with transmen aged <50 years (+0.68%, 95% CI 0.19 to 1.17%, p = 0.007). In conclusion, BMD increased in transgender persons after 1 year of CHT. In transmen of postmenopausal age, the LS BMD increased more than in younger transmen, which may lead to the hypothesis that the increase in BMD in transmen is the result of the aromatization of testosterone to estradiol

Whole-Exome Sequencing in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Identifies Rare Variants in COL8A1, a Component of Bruch's Membrane

Purpose: Genome-wide association studies and targeted sequencing studies of candidate genes have identified common and rare variants that are associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies allow a more comprehensive analysis of rare coding variants across all genes of the genome and will contribute to a better understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms. To date, the number of WES studies in AMD case-control cohorts remains scarce and sample sizes are limited. To scrutinize the role of rare protein-altering variants in AMD cause, we performed the largest WES study in AMD to date in a large European cohort consisting of 1125 AMD patients and 1361 control participants. Design: Genome-wide case-control association study of WES data. Participants: One thousand one hundred twenty-five AMD patients and 1361 control participants. Methods: A single variant association test of WES data was performed to detect variants that are associated individually with AMD. The cumulative effect of multiple rare variants with 1 gene was analyzed using a gene-based CMC burden test. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the localization of the Col8a1 protein in mouse eyes. Main Outcome Measures: Genetic variants associated with AMD. Results: We detected significantly more rare protein-altering variants in the COL8A1 gene in patients (22/2250 alleles [1.0%]) than in control participants (11/2722 alleles [0.4%]; P = 7.07×10–5). The association of rare variants in the COL8A1 gene is independent of the common intergenic variant (rs140647181) near the COL8A1 gene previously associated with AMD. We demonstrated that the Col8a1 protein localizes at Bruch's membrane. Conclusions: This study supported a role for protein-altering variants in the COL8A1 gene in AMD pathogenesis. We demonstrated the presence of Col8a1 in Bruch's membrane, further supporting the role of COL8A1 variants in AMD pathogenesis. Protein-altering variants in COL8A1 may alter the integrity of Bruch's membrane, contributing to the accumulation of drusen and the development of AMD

Change in grip strength in trans people and its association with lean body mass and bone density

Objective: Gender-affirming hormonal treatment (HT) in trans people changes physical appearance. Muscle mass and strength are important aspects of physical appearance, but few data exist on the effect of HT on grip strength and musc le mass. This study aimed to investigate the change in grip strength in trans peopl e during the first year of HT and to study the possible determinants of this change and th e associations between changes in grip strength, lean body mass and bone mineral density (BMD). Design and methods: A multicenter, prospective study was performed, including 249 transwomen and 278 transmen. Grip strength, lean body mass and BMD were measured at baseline and after 1 year. Results: After 1 year of HT, grip strength decreased with −1.8 kg (95% CI −2.6; −1.0) in transwomen and increased with +6.1 kg (95% CI +5.5; +6.7) in tr ansmen. No differences in grip strength change was found between age groups, BMI group s, hormonal administration routes or hormone concentrations. In transmen, i ncrease in grip strength was associated with increase in lean body mass (per kg increase in grip strength: +0.010 kg, 95% CI +0.003; +0.017), while this was not found in transwomen (per kg increase in grip strength: +0.004 kg, 95% CI −0.000; +0.009). Change in grip strength was not associated with change in BMD in transwomen and transmen. Conclusions: After 1 year of HT, grip strength decreased in transwomen, and increased in transmen. In transmen only, change in grip strength was associa ted with change in lean body mass