Absolute deviation in median BMI-for-chronological-age and BMI-for-height-age between samples with tall or short stature from the sample with normal stature.

<p>A smaller deviation indicates that the median BMI of short or tall sample is more similar to the median BMI of the sample with normal stature. For boys with a short stature in the ages 4 up to 14 years of age, expressing BMI according to height-age resulted in a smaller deviation from the BMI distribution of children with a normal stature than when expressing BMI to chronological age, whereas in boys with a tall stature this was true in the ages 4-16 years. In girls, expressing BMI to height-age resulted in a smaller deviation in the ages 2-10 years if of being short stature and in the ages 2-17 years when being tall.</p

Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction and Increased Left Ventricular Mass in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients: A Longitudinal Study

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Within this longitudinal study we investigated the association of inflammation markers C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and endothelial dysfunction markers intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) with left ventricular mass indexed for height²·⁷¹ (LVMI) in hypertensive predialysis CKD patients.</p><p>Material and Methods</p><p>From 2004 to 2005, 182 incident consecutive adult patients from the outpatient CKD clinics of two hospitals in Greece with CKD and hypertension or using antihypertensive medication, were included. Of these, 107 patients underwent CRP (mg/l) and LVMI (g/height²·⁷¹) measurements annually for three years.</p><p>Results</p><p>In the longitudinal analyses, using linear mixed modeling, a higher IL-6 (ß = 1.9 (95%ci:0.38;3.5), inflammation score based on CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α (ß = 5.0 (95%ci:0.72; 9.4) and VCAM-1 (ß = 0.01 (95%ci:0.005;0.02) were associated with higher LVMI. These models were adjusted for age, gender and primary renal disease, and for confounders that on top changed the beta with ≥10%, i.e. diuretic use (for IL-6 and inflammation score).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The results suggest that in predialysis CKD patients, inflammation as well as endothelial dysfunction may play an important role towards the increase in LVMI.</p></div

The association between both inflammation markers and endothelial dysfunction markers with left ventricular mass using linear regression analysis in cross sectional data.

<p>The association between both inflammation markers and endothelial dysfunction markers with left ventricular mass using linear regression analysis in cross sectional data.</p

Height-SDS and prevalence of short stature for different growth charts in end-stage renal disease patients.

<p>Mean height-SDS and prevalence of short stature according to different growths are shown separately for 0–1 year old and 2–17 year old patients. The National growth charts include both recent national growth charts as the growth charts based on data collected before 1990.</p

New growth charts proposed for Northern European countries without recent national growth charts.

<p>Outer lines indicate −2.5 SDS and +2.5 SDS.</p

Correlation between log TNF-α with left ventricular mass (g/m²·⁷¹) (n = 182).

<p>Correlation between log TNF-α with left ventricular mass (g/m²·⁷¹) (n = 182).</p

Characteristics of different growth charts.

1<p>Although the sample was not population based, the authors stated that height of sampled children will likely not be different from children living in other regions in the country;</p>2<p>Method similar to LMS method;</p>3<p>Russian charts are published in a key pediatric book, and are commonly applied by pediatricians throughout Russia;</p>4<p>The UK-WHO growth charts are applied in clinical practice in the United Kingdom and constitute growth data from WHO growth standards with birth data from the British 1990 charts. As the WHO growth standards are already included in the analyses, the new WHO-UK growth charts were not considered.</p

Summary of pre and post-STROBE period Manuscript STROBE score (MSS), Manuscript NOS score (MNOS), Manuscript SIGN score (MSiS) & Manuscript CASP score (MCAS) by article.

<p>The citations for the manuscripts are listed in online supplementary material (Item B in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0155078#pone.0155078.s001" target="_blank">S1 File</a>).</p

Mean ±2

<p> <b>SE of height for different growth charts by sex and age.</b></p

Summary of quality of reporting as assessed using the Manuscript STROBE Score (MSS).

<p>Summary of quality of reporting as assessed using the Manuscript STROBE Score (MSS).</p