Le développement de la compétence textuelle à travers les stades acquisitionnels en français L2

Dans le cadre d’un travail plus vaste sur les stades acquisitionnels des suédophones en français L2 nous examinons de manière pluridimensionnelle trois dimensions de la compétence textuelle de 24 apprenants pré- avancés et avancés : la complexité syntaxique des énoncés, le rôle des connecteurs au niveau textuel et l’analyse fonctionne des propositions relatives. Les résultas sont présentés sous forme de faisceaux de traits caractéristiques du développement de la compétence textuelle des stades intermédiaires à avancés en mettant l’accent sur ce que sont les derniers bastions à acquérir. Ces recherches sont effectuées au sein du nouveau projet InterFra La dynamique des stades acquisitionnels en français L2 financé par Le Conseil Suédois de la Recherche.This article proposes to investigate the textual competence of 24 intermediate and advanced learners from a pluridimensional perspective. The study is carried out accordingly along three dimensions of textual competence : syntactic complexity, the role of connectors at the textual level and a functional analysis of the acquisition of relative clauses. The results, which are presented as bundles of features characteristic of textual competence through the acquisitional stages, focus on the last ramparts to be acquired by advanced and very advanced learners and show that learners go from local to global planning, reproduce native macro-syntactic patterns. The research is being carried out within the new InterFra project Developmental stages in French L2 financed by The Swedish Rese arch Council

Systematic transcriptional profiling of responses to STAT1- and STAT3- activating cytokines in different cancer types

Cytokines orchestrate responses to pathogens and in inflammatory processes but they also play an important role in cancer by shaping the expression levels of cytokine response genes. Here, we conducted a large profiling study comparing miRNome and mRNA transcriptome data generated following different cytokine stimulations. Transcriptomic responses to STAT1- (IFN, IL-27) and STAT3-activating cytokines (IL6, OSM) were systematically compared in nine cancerous and nonneoplastic cell lines of different tissue origins (skin, liver and colon). The largest variation in our datasets was seen between cell lines of the three different tissues rather than stimuli. Notably, the variability in miRNome datasets was a lot more pronounced than in mRNA data. Our data also revealed that cells of skin, liver and colon tissues respond very differently to cytokines and that the cell signaling networks activated or silenced in response to STAT1- or STAT3- activating cytokines are specific to the tissue and the type of cytokine. However, globally, STAT1-activating cytokines had stronger effects than STAT3-inducing cytokines with most significant responses in liver cells, showing more genes up-regulated and with higher fold change. A more detailed analysis of gene regulations upon cytokine stimulation in these cells provided insights into STAT1- versus STAT3-driven processes in hepatocarcinogenesis. Finally, independent component analysis revealed interconnected transcriptional networks distinct between cancer cells and their healthy counterparts

The PD-L1- and IL6-mediated dampening of the IL27/STAT1 anticancer responses are prevented by a-PD-L1 or a-IL6 antibodies

Interleukin-27 (IL27) is a type-I cytokine of the IL6/IL12 family and is predominantly secreted by activated macrophages and dendritic cells.We show that IL27 induces STAT factor phosphorylation in cancerous cell lines of different tissue origin. IL27 leads to STAT1 phosphorylation and recapitulates an IFN- -like response in the microarray analyses, with up-regulation of genes involved in antiviral defense, antigen presentation, and immune suppression. Like IFN- , IL27 leads to an up-regulation of TAP2 and MHC-I proteins, which mediate increased tumor immune clearance. However, both cytokines also upregulate proteins such as PD-L1 (CD274) and IDO-1, which are associatedwith immune escape of cancer. Interestingly, differential expression of these geneswas observed within the different cell lines and when comparing IL27 to IFN- . In coculture experiments of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells, pre-treatment of the HCC cells with IL27 resulted in lowered IL2 production by anti-CD3/-CD28 activated T-lymphocytes. Addition of anti-PD-L1 antibody, however, restored IL2 secretion. The levels of other TH1 cytokines were also enhanced or restored upon administration of anti-PD-L1. In addition, we show that the suppression of IL27 signaling by IL6-type cytokine prestimulation— mimicking a situation occurring, for example, in IL6-secreting tumors or in tumor inflammation–induced cachexia—can be antagonized by antibodies against IL6-type cytokines or their receptors. Therapeutically, the antitumor effects of IL27 (mediated, e.g., by increased antigen presentation) might thus be increased by combining IL27with blocking antibodies against PD-L1 or/and IL6-type cytokines

À la recherche des traits d'une organisation discursive avancée en français L2. La relative aux micro- et macro-niveaux dans un corpus d'apprenants

Hancock Victorine, Kirchmeyer Nathalie. À la recherche des traits d'une organisation discursive avancée en français L2. La relative aux micro- et macro-niveaux dans un corpus d'apprenants. In: L'Information Grammaticale, N. 93, 2002. pp. 3-9

Compétence discursive des apprenants avancés et quasi-natifs : étude du marqueur polyfonctionnel vraiment

Hancock Victorine, Kirchmeyer Nathalie. Compétence discursive des apprenants avancés et quasi-natifs : étude du marqueur polyfonctionnel vraiment. In: L'Information Grammaticale, N. 120, 2009. pp. 14-22