Immunohistochemistry stain of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin in colon mucosa.

<p><b>A, B, C</b>–The colonic mucosa with the immunostaining of ZO-1 in WKY (Wistar Kyoto rats), SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rats) and SHR-E (enalapril-treated SHR). <b>E, F, G—</b>The colonic mucosa with the immunostaining of occludin in WKY, SHR and SHR-E. <b>D, H–</b>Changes of mean signal of fluorescence in epithelium of the colonic mucosa (arbitrary units of fluorescence).</p

TMA and TMAO liver clearance.

<p>TMA and TMAO liver clearance.</p

Inflammatory changes in the mucosa of the colon in WKY (normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats), SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rats) and SHR-E (SHR treated with enalapril).

<p><b>A, B, C</b>–The colonic mucosa in WKY, SHR and SRE-E, respectively, (x 40 objective lens). <b>B</b>—Significant infiltration of mononuclear cells under the epithelium, similar to cryptopatches, (x 40 objective lens). <b>D, E</b>—Active GALT lymph nodes (Peyer's patches) were present only in SHR, (x 4 objective lens).</p

Metabolic data and TMA/TMAO excretion.

<p>Metabolic data and TMA/TMAO excretion.</p

Assessment of intestinal blood flow and blood pressure.

<p>Intestinal (upper mesenteric vein) blood flow, systolic arterial blood pressure, diastolic arterial blood pressure and heart rate in anaesthetized normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) (n = 6), spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (n = 6) and enalapril-treated SHR (SHR-E) (n = 6) at baseline (0) and after the intracolonic administration of 0.25 mL of 0.9% NaCl (↓ saline) and TMA (100 mg/kg BW) dissolved in 0.25 mL of 0.9% NaCl (↓ TMA). ^$- p<0.05 for SHR vs WKY, ^#- p<0.05 for SHR vs SHR-E comparison.</p

Histopathological and morphometric parameters in the colon of WKY (Wistar Kyoto rats), SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rats) and SHR-E (enalapril-treated SHR).

<p><b>A, B, C–</b>The mucosa of the colon with haematoxylin and eosin (x10 objective lens). <b>E, F, G–</b>Larger arterioles of mucosa with haematoxylin and eosin (x100 objective lens). <b>I, J, K–</b>Larger arterioles of mucosa with van Gieson stain (x100 objective lens). <b>D–</b>The height of the colonic mucosa– μm (x10 objective lens). <b>H–</b>The width of the tunica media of larger arterioles– μm (x40 objective lens). <b>L—</b>The width of the tunica media of smaller arterioles– μm (x100 objective lens). <b>*-</b> p<0.05.</p