Interest Groups, Public Expenditure, and Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation

Although many studies have dealt with the relationship between government expenditure and economic growth, none has been able to pinpoint its exact nature. Recently, however, new efforts have been made to find new factors or variables that moderate the relationship. This paper investigates a new moderating variable, interest group activity, as suggested by Kim (forthcoming). According to cross-country data analysis, the interaction term between government expenditure and interest group activity plays a significant role. Government expenditure has been estimated to have a positive effect on economic growth when interest groups are inactive, and a negative impact on growth when interest groups are active

Symmetry Breaking Phase Transitions in ABJM Theory with a Finite U(1) Chemical Potential

We consider the U(1) charged sector of ABJM theory at finite temperature, which corresponds to the Reissner-Nordstrom AdS black hole in the dual type IIA supergravity description. Including back-reaction to the bulk geometry, we show that phase transitions occur to a broken phase where SU(4) R-symmetry of the field theory is broken spontaneously by the condensation of dimension one or two operators. We show both numerically and analytically that the relevant critical exponents for the dimension one operator agree precisely with those of mean field theory in the strongly coupled regime of the large N planar limit.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, typos corrected, references added, improved figures, minor changes, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Interest Groups, Public Expenditure, and Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation

Abstract: Although many studies have dealt with the relationship between government expenditure and economic growth, none has been able to pinpoint its exact nature. Recently, however, new efforts have been made to find new factors or variables that moderate the relationship. This paper investigates a new moderating variable, interest group activity, as suggested by Kim (forthcoming). According to cross-country data analysis, the interaction term between government expenditure and interest group activity plays a significant role. Government expenditure has been estimated to have a positive effect on economic growth when interest groups are inactive, and a negative impact on growth when interest groups are active

Medical innovation and social externality

Healthcare expenditure in the United States has grown and will continue to increase. The increasing healthcare expenditure is to reduce real income as well as to diminish total utility and increase financial stresses. This study argues that the most critical factor that increases healthcare expenditures during last 50 years has been the advent, adoption and diffusion of new medical technologies that include new drugs, equipment and healthcare delivery systems. This study introduces various examples how medical innovations influence to increase healthcare expenditures. In company with the advanced medical technology, this study suggests a free market in medical technology that means less regulation and less subsidization to healthcare market participants, such as healthcare providers, insurers, and healthcare consumers to reduce healthcare expenditures

Clean dry etching of Cu and Ni alloy metal thin film by reactive proton assisted etching

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KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF DIVING BACK PIKE SOMERSAULT IN PLATFORM ACCORDING TO PLAYERS’ SKILL LEVEL

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic difference in Back Pike somersault in platform diving according to players‘ skill level and to assist them to improve performances. Ten Korean diving athletes participated in this study and they were divided into skilled group (n=5) and less-skilled group (n=5) and t-test was performed to find the difference at the moment of take-off between groups. The results showed that the hip extension angle was greater and the extension velocity of knee and hip joints were faster in skilled group compared to less-skilled group. It is recommended, therefore that the flexibility training of hip joint and muscle strength training to enhance extension velocity of knee and hip joints are needed

DIFFERENCES IN TRUNK ANGLES THROUGH DIFFERENT SHOOTING DIRECTIONS IN WATER POLO PENALTY SHOOTING

The purpose of this study was to investigate three-dimensionally the shooter’s trunk motion through 4 different shooting directions. Ten Korean national level water polo players who are right-handed were participated in this study (age, 21.60±3.20 years; weight, 86.30±8.86 kg; height, 1.83±0.05 m). To analyze the shooter’s trunk motion among different target, a three-dimensional motion analysis with six video cameras was performed.The analysis events were coking when the trunk was externally rotated maximally and release moment. A one-way ANOVA with repeated measure was performed as main statistical tests and Bonferroni correction was used as a post-hoc test. The results showed that there was statistically significant difference in trunk angle between left and right shooting directions. Especially, the posterior leaning and external rotation angles of trunk in cocking moment were bigger in left shooting direction compared to right one (p\u3c.05). These results suggest that goalkeepers predict shooting direction more precisely by identifying the trunk posture at coking moment

COORDINATIVE PATTERNS BETWEEN CARVING TURN AND SKIDDING TURN DURING ALPINE SKIING

The purpose of this study was to investigate the coordinative patterns between segments and ski using the continuous relative phase (CRP) on anteroposterior and vertical axis during carving and skidding turn. Fourteen alpine ski instructors were participated in this study. Eight inertial measurement units were used to collect segment kinematic data. Each skier was asked to perform ten carving turns and ten skidding turns on the groomed 15° slope, respectively. CRP angles between all segments and ski were significantly increased during carving turn on the vertical axis. On the other hand, CRP angles between all segments and ski were significantly increased during skidding turn on anteroposterior axis. Therefore, skiers should perform the anti-phase movements of the lower spine-ski, pelvis-ski, thigh-ski and shank-ski on the vertical axis during the carving turn and the in-phase movements of the lower spine-ski, pelvis-ski, thigh-ski and shank-ski on the anteroposterior axis during skidding turn

Investigation of the mechanism of the anomalous Hall effects in Cr2Te3/(BiSb)2(TeSe)3 heterostructure

The interplay between ferromagnetism and the non-trivial topology has unveiled intriguing phases in the transport of charges and spins. For example, it is consistently observed the so-called topological Hall effect (THE) featuring a hump structure in the curve of the Hall resistance (Rxy) vs. a magnetic field (H) of a heterostructure consisting of a ferromagnet (FM) and a topological insulator (TI). The origin of the hump structure is still controversial between the topological Hall effect model and the multi-component anomalous Hall effect (AHE) model. In this work, we have investigated a heterostructure consisting of BixSb2-xTeySe3-y (BSTS) and Cr2Te3 (CT), which are well-known TI and two-dimensional FM, respectively. By using the so-called minor-loop measurement, we have found that the hump structure observed in the CT/BSTS is more likely to originate from two AHE channels. Moreover, by analyzing the scaling behavior of each amplitude of two AHE with the longitudinal resistivities of CT and BSTS, we have found that one AHE is attributed to the extrinsic contribution of CT while the other is due to the intrinsic contribution of BSTS. It implies that the proximity-induced ferromagnetic layer inside BSTS serves as a source of the intrinsic AHE, resulting in the hump structure explained by the two AHE model