A comparison between word analysis and prompting in oral reading.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Comparing genotyping algorithms for Illumina's Infinium whole-genome SNP BeadChips

The Brassica napus 60K Illumina Infinium™ SNP array has had huge international uptake in the rapeseed community due to the revolutionary speed of acquisition and ease of analysis of this high-throughput genotyping data, particularly when coupled with the newly available reference genome sequence. However, further utilization of this valuable resource can be optimized by better understanding the promises and pitfalls of SNP arrays. We outline how best to analyze Brassica SNP marker array data for diverse applications, including linkage and association mapping, genetic diversity and genomic introgression studies. We present data on which SNPs are locus-specific in winter, semi-winter and spring B. napus germplasm pools, rather than amplifying both an A-genome and a C-genome locus or multiple loci. Common issues that arise when analyzing array data will be discussed, particularly those unique to SNP markers and how to deal with these for practical applications in Brassica breeding applications

Links between alcohol and other drug problems and maltreatment among adolescent girls: Perceived discrimination, ethnic identity, and ethnic orientation as moderators

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the links between maltreatment, posttraumatic stress symptoms, ethnicity-specific factors (i.e., perceived discrimination, ethnic identity, and ethnic orientation), and alcohol and/or other drug (AOD) problems among adolescent girls. METHODS: These relations were examined using archived data from a community sample of 168 Black and Hispanic adolescent girls who participated in a school-based substance use intervention. RESULTS: The results revealed that maltreatment was linked to AOD problems, but only through its relation with posttraumatic stress symptoms; maltreatment was positively related to posttraumatic stress symptoms, which were positively related to AOD problems. Both perceived discrimination and ethnic orientation were significant moderators. Specifically, greater perceived discrimination was associated with an increased effect of maltreatment on posttraumatic stress symptoms. Ethnic orientation demonstrated protective properties in the relation between maltreatment and AOD problem severity, such that the effect of maltreatment on AOD problem severity was less for girls with average to high ethnic orientation compared to girls with low ethnic orientation. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study underscore the importance of developing interventions for Black and Hispanic girls that target maltreatment and AOD use concurrently and address ethnicity-specific factors

Theoretical insights into interprofessional education: AMEE Guide No. 62

In this Guide, we support the need for theory in the practice of interprofessional education and highlight a range of theories thatcan be applied to interprofessional education. We specifically discuss the application of theories that support the social dimensionsof interprofessional learning and teaching, choosing by way of illustration the theory of social capital, adult learning theory and asociological perspective of interprofessional education. We introduce some of the key ideas behind each theory and then applythese to a case study about the development and delivery of interprofessional education for pre-registration healthcare sciencesstudents. We suggest a model that assists with the management of the numerous theories potentially available to theinterprofessional educator. In this model, context is central and a range of dimensions are presented for the reader to decidewhich, when, why and how to use a theory. We also present some practical guidelines of how theories may be translated intotangible curriculum opportunities. Using social capital theory, we show how theory can be used to defend and present the benefitsof learning in an interprofessional group. We also show how this theory can guide thinking as to how interprofessional learningnetworks can best be constructed to achieve these benefits. Using adult learning theories, we explore the rationale and importanceof problem solving, facilitation and scaffolding in the design of interprofessional curricula. Finally, from a sociological perspective,using Bernstein’s concepts of regions and terrains, we explore the concepts of socialisation as a means of understanding theresistance to interprofessional education sometimes experienced by curriculum developers. We advocate for new, parallel ways ofviewing professional knowledge and the development of an interprofessional knowledge terrain that is understood and iscontributed to by all practitioners and, importantly, is centred on the needs of the patient or client. Through practical application oftheory, we anticipate that our readers will be able to reflect and inform their current habitual practices and develo

Saliva-derived DNA performs well in large-scale, high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray studies

As of June 2009, 361 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) had been referenced by the HuGE database. GWAS require DNA from many thousands of individuals, relying on suitable DNA collections. We recently performed a multiple sclerosis (MS) GWAS where a substantial component of the cases (24%) had DNA derived from saliva. Genotyping was done on the Illumina genotyping platform using the Infinium Hap370CNV DUO microarray. Additionally, we genotyped 10 individuals in duplicate using both saliva- and blood-derived DNA. The performance of blood- versus saliva-derived DNA was compared using genotyping call rate, which reflects both the quantity and quality of genotyping per sample and the “GCScore,” an Illumina genotyping quality score, which is a measure of DNA quality. We also compared genotype calls and GCScores for the 10 sample pairs. Call rates were assessed for each sample individually. For the GWAS samples, we compared data according to source of DNA and center of origin. We observed high concordance in genotyping quality and quantity between the paired samples and minimal loss of quality and quantity of DNA in the saliva samples in the large GWAS sample, with the blood samples showing greater variation between centers of origin. This large data set highlights the usefulness of saliva DNA for genotyping, especially in high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray studies such as GWAS