Are They Careful Enough? Testing Consumers' Perception of Alternative Processing Technologies on the Quality of Organic Food

Given the increasing public interest in how ingredients are processed and the growing demand for organic food products, it is critical to understand consumers’ expectations about the process-related quality of organic products. Consumers perceive organic food to be nutritious, healthy, and either natural or less processed, as they are afraid of the loss of nutritional, organoleptic, and sensory properties of the food products. However, alternative food processing technologies might generate healthy and safe food options with nutritional quality properties. Simplified communication schemes might help to overcome this barrier for the consumer. The main objective of this study is to propose a working definition of “careful processing” for organic products and test its consistency through an experiment while being used to rate different processing methods by consumers. Results show that the proposed definition allows the consumer to consistently rate alternative processing technologies. Consumers tend to score alternative processing technologies such as pulsed electricfields and microwaves as less careful, supporting the idea that organic consumers want as little man-made interference in their food products as possible. Results show that a simple but effective definition of careful processing may help consumers to distinguish more organic food products from conventional ones, no matter which communication scheme is used

Comparison of Fatigue Levels, Muscle Strength, Balance, and Exercise Performance of Young Adults with a History of Mild COVID-19 and Healthy Adults

Aim: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection directly impacts fatigue and exercise performance. More studies have focused on these problems and were conducted with hospitalized patients and/or adult and geriatric populations. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of mild COVID-19 on fatigue, muscle strength, balance, and exercise performance, specifically in young adults. Methods: This research was designed as a case-control study, and tests were conducted between January 2022 and June 2022. The study included 60 participants aged 18-28, consisting of individuals who had a mild COVID-19 diagnosis within the past year (study group, n=30) and tested negative during the study, as well as a control group of individuals who had no COVID-19 diagnosis or symptoms within the past year (control group, n=30). The participants’ fatigue levels (Chalder Fatigue Scale), lower (Biodex Isokinetic-Dynamometer) and upper (Jamar-Handgrip Dynamometer) extremity muscle strength, balance (Y-Balance Test), and exercise performance (Queen’s College Step Test) were evaluated using various standardized tests. Results: Measurements showed that individuals with COVID-19 had an increase in fatigue scores (p=0.02). It was determined that fatigue was particularly prominent in women. Due to this difference that arose according to gender, it was observed that fatigue scores in those who had experienced COVID-19 were negatively correlated with muscle strength measurements. Conclusion: This study showed that symptoms of fatigue persisted in younger individuals, especially women, even after the COVID-19 infection. We think the next research should focus on COVID-19 symptoms, surveillance, and therapy in different age groups

Are They Careful Enough? Testing Consumers’ Perception of Alternative Processing Technologies on the Quality of Organic Food

Abstract: Given the increasing public interest in how ingredients are processed and the growing demand for organic food products, it is critical to understand consumers’ expectations about the process-related quality of organic products. Consumers perceive organic food to be nutritious, healthy and either natural or less processed, as they are afraid of the loss of nutritional, organoleptic and sensory properties of the food products. However, alternative food processing technologies might generate healthy and safe food options with nutritional quality properties. Simplified communication schemes might help to overcome this barrier for the consumer. The main objective of this study is to propose a working definition of “careful processing” for organic products and test its consistency through an experiment, while being used to rate different processing methods by consumers. Results show that the proposed definition allows the consumer to consistently rate alternative processing technologies. Consumers tend to score alternative processing technologies such as pulsed electric fields and microwaves as less careful, supporting the idea that organic consumers want as little man-made interference in their food products as possible. Results show that a simple but effective definition of careful processing may help consumers to distinguish more organic food products from conventional ones, no matter which communication scheme is used

The Effects of Selective Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase 1 and 3 in Huntington’s Disease Mice

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease characterized by a late clinical onset of psychiatric, cognitive, and motor symptoms. Transcriptional dysregulation is an early and central disease mechanism which is accompanied by epigenetic alterations in HD. Previous studies demonstrated that targeting transcriptional changes by inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs), especially the class I HDACs, provides therapeutic effects. Yet, their exact mechanisms of action and the features of HD pathology, on which these inhibitors act remain to be elucidated. Here, using transcriptional profiling, we found that selective inhibition of HDAC1 and HDAC3 by RGFP109 alleviated transcriptional dysregulation of a number of genes, including the transcription factor genes Neurod2 and Nr4a2, and gene sets and programs, especially those that are associated to insulin-like growth factor pathway, in the striatum of R6/1 mice. RGFP109 treatment led to a modest improvement of the motor skill learning and coordination deficit on the RotaRod test, while it did not alter the locomotor and anxiety-like phenotypes in R6/1 animals. We also found, by volumetric MRI, a widespread brain atrophy in the R6/1 mice at the symptomatic disease stage, on which RGFP109 showed no significant effects. Collectively, our combined work suggests that specific HDAC1 and HDAC3 inhibition may offer benefits for alleviating the motor phenotypic deficits and transcriptional dysregulation in HD

Cytokine Profiles of Chronic Urticaria Patients and the Effects of Omalizumab Treatment

Introduction: Cytokines are key mediators in immunological and inflammatory conditions, including chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Objectives: To investigate Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokine profiles in CSU and to evaluate the possible effect of omalizumab treatment. Methods: Patients who were followed up for CSU, as well as healthy volunteers, were included in the study. To assess urticaria activity, the 7-day-Urticaria Activity Score (UAS-7), the Urticaria Control Test (UCT), and the Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire (CU-QoL) were filled. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-17, IL-31, eotaxin, RANTES, TNF-α, and TSLP were analyzed by ELISA and compared in CSU and control groups. The patients were analyzed in two groups as the omalizumab group and the non-omalizumab group based on their treatment status.   Results: Total IgE, ESR, CRP, RANTES, and TNF-a were significantly different in the overall comparison of the three groups: CSU-receiving omalizumab, CSU-not receiving omalizumab, and control groups (P <0.01, 0.015, <0.01, <0.01 and <0.01 respectively). Total IgE, CRP, RANTES, and TNF-α values were similar in those who received and did not receive omalizumab, yet these biomarkers were significantly higher in both groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). Statistical significance in ESR was observed only between the CSU-receiving omalizumab group and the control group (P = 0.01). Within the CSU patients, there was a slight but significant correlation between UCT and TNF-α (P = 0.008, r = 0.32) and IL-17 (P = 0.06, r = 0.33) levels. Conclusions: The investigated cytokine profile in CSU patients may differ from healthy controls, particularly with the higher levels of RANTES and TNF-α, and omalizumab treatment does not seem to affect that profile in CSU patients

Fingolimod Alters Tissue Distribution and Cytokine Production of Human and Murine Innate Lymphoid Cells

Sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) is expressed by lymphocytes and regulates their egress from secondary lymphoid organs. Innate lymphoid cell (ILC) family has been expanded with the discovery of group 1, 2 and 3 ILCs, namely ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3. ILC3 and ILC1 have remarkable similarity to CD4+ helper T cell lineage members Th17 and Th1, respectively, which are important in the pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Whether human ILC subsets express S1PR1 or respond to its ligands have not been studied. In this study, we used peripheral blood/cord blood and tonsil lymphocytes as a source of human ILCs. We show that human ILCs express S1PR1 mRNA and protein and migrate toward S1P receptor ligands. Comparison of peripheral blood ILC numbers between fingolimod-receiving and treatment-free MS patients revealed that, in vivo, ILCs respond to fingolimod, an S1PR1 agonist, resulting in ILC-penia in circulation. Similarly, murine ILCs responded to fingolimod by exiting blood and accumulating in the secondary lymph nodes. Importantly, ex vivo exposure of ILC3 and ILC1 to fingolimod or SEW2871, another S1PR1 antagonist, reduced production of ILC3- and ILC1- associated cytokines GM-CSF, IL-22, IL-17, and IFN-γ, respectively. Surprisingly, despite reduced number of lamina propria-resident ILC3s in the long-term fingolimod-treated mice, ILC3-associated IL-22, IL-17A, GM-CSF and antimicrobial peptides were high in the gut compared to controls, suggesting that its long term use may not compromise mucosal barrier function. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the impact of fingolimod on human ILC subsets in vivo and ex vivo, and provides insight into the impact of long term fingolimod use on ILC populations

Epitel Hücre Kökenli Serpınb1'in Nötrofil Elastaz İlişkili Anti-Apoptotik ve Pro- Apoptotik Yolaklar Üzerine Etkisi

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that significantly impacts the quality of life of people of all ages. Shortness of breath, coughing, and chest tightness in the airway are common symptoms in sensitive people. While hereditary factors may play a role in airway obstruction in asthma, other stimuli such as particular allergens, cigarette smoke, and air pollution may also be effective. Although airway obstruction occurs in different phases, inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells contribute to the disease's pathophysiology. As the asthma response has heterogenic nature, it is also possible to divide them into eosinophilic and neutrophilic (non-eosinophilic). It is known that neutrophils occupy an essential place in the course of the disease in the pathology of neutrophilic asthma. By transmigrating from the vascular area to the inflamed tissues, neutrophils attempt to eliminate the response caused by the effects of biological or chemical substances. Proteases and reactive oxygen species with cytotoxic effects that neutrophils store in their specialized granules are critical molecules for neutrophils to perform this function. Although the interaction of airway epithelial cells and neutrophils affects the existing pathogen or chemical, the progressive increase in neutrophil numbers harms the host by disrupting the balance of proteases and anti-proteases. Proteolytic enzymes, including NE and MMP-9, play essential roles in airway remodeling and repair. The uncontrolled release of antimicrobial proteins with strong cytotoxic effects such as neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, proteinase 3 stored in the azurophilic granules of neutrophil causes cellular destruction. Studies have shown that neutrophil elastase activates intracellular signaling pathways and causes tissue damage. Against the effects of uncontrolled release of proteases in specialized compartments of neutrophils, there are various proteins with anti-proteolytic activity in the cytoplasm. The leukocyte elastase inhibitor SERPINB1, which has anti-protease properties in the cytoplasm and is responsible for the inhibition of these proteases, protects against the effects of uncontrolled protease release in specific parts of neutrophils. Furthermore, SERPINB1 has been shown to have pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic effects by regulating molecules involved in various death pathways, such as caspases, via the activation or inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways as well as anti-protease activities. It is also seen that SERPINB1 may have a direct or indirect decisive role in determining the fate of the cell. The fact that SERPINs are metastable molecules and contain many regions open to conformational change can encourage the emergence of different activities by interacting with other molecules. It has been shown that during cellular stress, SERPINB1 loses its anti-protease activity by undergoing conformational changes as a result of protease attacks on the P1-P1 region and translocates to the nucleus by gaining endonuclease activity. This new molecule is called L-DNase II (DNase II derived from leukocyte elastase inhibitor) with the change in its activity. L-DNase II, translocated to the nucleus, cleaves DNA into oligonucleosomes and leads the cell to apoptosis (programmed cell death). DNases have an essential place in apoptosis studies. Therefore, the function of L-Dnase II molecule in NE-related apoptotic pathways needs to be clarified. However, information on the relationship between neutrophil inflammation and epithelial cells of this pathway, which starts with proteases, is limited in the literature. Within the scope of this thesis, the pro-and anti-apoptotic effects of SERPINB1 in relation to neutrophil elastase were investigated at the RNA and protein level by differentiation of bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) by the ALI-culture method. It was shown that the stimulation of BEAS-2B cells with increasing concentrations of neutrophil elastase-induced apoptosis. The dose(s) to specifically activate the LEI/L-DNase II pathway was decided. Consistent with the literature, it was revealed that there was no significant change in Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9 molecules at protein and gene levels. As a result of analyzes at the protein level, it was determined that neutrophil elastase revealed forms of SERPINB1 with different molecular weights. In addition, it was found that the amount of SERPINB1 in the cytosolic and nuclear sections of epithelial cells changes with neutrophil elastase stimulation.Astım farklı yaş gruplarındaki insanların yaşam kalitesini etkileyen kronik inflamatuvar akciğer hastalıklarından biridir. Duyarlı kişilerin havayolunda sıklıkla nefes darlığı, öksürük, göğüste sıkışma hissi gibi belirtilerle kendini gösterebilmektedir. Astım hastalığında ortaya çıkan hava yolu obstrüksiyonunda genetik faktörlerle birlikte maruz kalınan spesifik alerjenler, sigara dumanı, hava kirliliği gibi çevresel uyaranlar da etkili olmaktadır. Nötrofil, eozinofil ve mast hücreleri gibi inflamatuvar hücrelerin hastalığın patolojisine katkı sağladığı da bilinmektedir. Astım cevabı heterojenik bir yapıya sahip olduğu için eozinofilik ve nötrofilik (non-eozinofilik) fenotiplere ayırmak mümkündür. Nötrofilik astım patolojisinde nötrofillerin hastalığın seyrinde önemli bir yer kapladığı bilinmektedir. Nötrofiller, kandan inflamasyon olan dokulara göç ederek biyolojik ya da kimyasal madde kaynaklı inflamasyonu ortadan kaldırmaya çalışmaktadırlar. Nötrofiller bu fonksiyonu özelleşmiş granüllerinde depolanan proteazlar ve ürettikleri reaktif oksijen türleri aracılığıyla gerçekleştirirler. Hava yolu epitel hücreleri ile nötrofil hücrelerinin etkileşimi ve nötrofil sayısının progresif bir şekilde artmasını takiben proteaz-anti proteaz arasındaki dengenin bozulması sonucu epitelyal hasara neden olarak ii konakçıya zarar vermektedir. Nötrofil elastaz ve MMP-9 da dahil olmak üzere bir takım proteolitik enzim, hava yollarında doku yeniden yapılanmasında önemli rol oynar. Nötrofillerin azurofilik granüllerinde depolanan nötrofil elastaz, katepsin G, proteinaz 3 gibi güçlü sitotoksik etkiye sahip olan antimikrobiyal proteinlerin kontrolsüz salımı hücresel harabiyete sebebiyet vermektedir. Yapılan çalışmalarda nötrofil elastazın hücre içi sinyal yolaklarını aktive ettiği ve doku harabiyetine sebebiyet verdiği görülmektedir. Nötrofillerin özelleşmiş kompartmanlarındaki proteazların kontrolsüz salımının etkilerine karşı sitoplazma içerisinde anti-proteolitik aktivitesi olan çeşitli proteinler bulunmaktadır. Bu proteaz inhibitörleri arasında serin proteaz inhibitörlerinden biri olan ve lökosit elastaz inhibitörü olarak da bilinen SERPINB1’in anti proteaz aktivitelerinin yanı sıra hücre içi sinyal yolaklarının aktivasyonu veya inhibisyonu yoluyla kaspazlar gibi çeşitli ölüm yolaklarında bulunan molekülleri regüle ederek pro apoptotik ve anti apoptotik etkiler sergileyebildiği bilinmektedir. SERPIN’lerin yarı kararlı moleküller olmaları ve konformasyonel değişime açık çok fazla bölge içermeleri, diğer moleküllerle etkileşerek farklı aktivitelerinin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Hücresel stres sırasında SERPINB1’in P1-P1 bölgesine yapılan proteaz ataklar sonucunda konformasyonel değişime uğrayarak anti-proteaz aktivitesini kaybettiği ve endonükleaz aktivitesi kazanarak nükleusa transloke olduğu gösterilmiştir. Aktivitesindeki değişimle birlikte bu yeni molekül L-DNase II (lökosit elastaz inhibitöründen türeyen DNase II) adını almaktadır. Nükleusa transloke olan L-DNase II DNA’yı oligonükleozomlarına parçalayarak hücreyi apoptoza (programlı hücre ölümü) götürmektedir. DNase’lar apoptoz çalışmalarında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu nedenle, L-DNase II molekülünün NE ilişkili apoptotik yolaklardaki fonksiyonunun aydınlatılması gerekmektedir. Buna karşın, proteazlarla başlayan bu yolağın nötrofil inflamasyonu ile epitel hücreler arasındaki ilişkisiyle ilgili bilgiler literatürde sınırlıdır. Tez çalışması kapsamında SERPINB1’in nötrofil elastazla ilişkili olarak pro ve anti apoptotik etkileri ALI-kültür yöntemiyle bronş epitel hücrelerinin (BEAS-2B) farklılaştırılması aracılığıyla RNA ve protein düzeyinde araştırılmıştır. BEAS-2B hücrelerinin artan konsantrasyonlarda nötrofil elastaz ile uyarılmasının apoptoza sebebiyet verdiği bulunmuştur. LEI/L-DNase II yolağını spesifik olarak aktifleştirecek doza/dozlara karar verilmiştir. Protein ve gen düzeyinde Kaspaz-3, Kaspaz-8 ve Kaspaz-9 moleküllerinin seviyesinde anlamlı bir değişiklik olmadığı ortaya konmuştur. Protein seviyesindeki analizler sonucunda nötrofil elastazın SERPINB1’in farklı molekül ağırlıklarına sahip formlarını ortaya çıkardığı tespit edilmiştir. Epitel hücrelerde sitozolik ve nükleer olmak üzere SERPINB1 miktarının nötrofil elastaz ile birlikte değişkenlik gösterdiği bulunmuştur

Efüzyonlu Otitis Media' nın Pediatrik Yaş Grubunda Vestibüler Sistem Üzerindeki Etkisinin Tüp Tatbiki Öncesinde ve Sonrasında Bilgisayarlı Dinamik Posturografi Duyu Organizasyon Testi İle Değerlendirilmesi

Kılıç, B., The Evaluation of the effect of the Otitis Media with effusion (OME) on the vestibular system of the pediatric age group with computerized dynamic posturography sensory organization test(CDP-SOT) before and after the ventilation tube insertion The aim of this study is to evaluate whether is there any difference between the pediatric patients with otitis media with effusion study group and the age and gender matched control group by means of vestibular system disorders and to find whether does the ventilation tube insertion have an effect on this patient group. At the same time, we also aim to evaluate the potential correlation between the dynamic balance tests and clinical static balance test results. Thus we both aim to contribute to the literature and assist the future possible studies in this field by comparing the results of this study with the current literature. Otitis media with effusion is one of the most common diseases of childhood. Although the most common clinical presentation of the otitis media with effusion is hearing loss, it may also cause balance problems in the pediatric age population. Even it is been speculated that otitis media with effusion is one of the most common etiologic factors of the vestibular problems and vertigo in the pediatric age population. Computerized dynamic posturography is a combined dynamic test protocol that quantitatively measures the patient’s balance control function in supine position by simulating the various surface and balance situations. In our study, we test the patient population both with the single leg stance test as a static clinical balance test and with the computerized dynamic posturography as an objective vestibular evaluation tool. We test the study group two times, the first one preoperatively and the second one post-operative second month. The control group has been tested once. Our study group consists of 30 pediatric age individuals (age varies between 4 and 12) and control group consists of 30 pediatric age individuals; total 60 patient included in this study. To look at the gender and age distributions separately within the groups; our study group consists of 21 male (%70), 9 female (%30) children. Mean age of the study group was 6,45; with a minimum age 4 years and 9 months and maximum age 11 years and 2 months. Control group consists of 18 male (%60) and 12 female (%40) patients, with the mean age of 6,2 (with minimum age 4 years and 10 months and maximum age 11 years and 5 months) There was a statistically significant difference between the study group’s condition 5, condition 6 and combined balance scores before the ventilation tube insertion and the control group’s condition 5, condition 6 and combined balance scores(Independent samples t test, p=0.008, p=0.024, p=0.038). There has been found a statistically significant relationship between the vestibular-associated symptoms and head impulse test (HIT) (p< 0.05). Most of those who describe symptoms (%87) was head impulse test (HIT) positive, but in all those who do not describe symptoms head impulse test was negative. The relationship between the single leg stance test results and the preoperative Sensory Organization Test (SOT) results (average balance score calculated separately for each 6 conditions and for combined balance score) was tried to be determined with the Pearson correlation test. There was found a positive and strong correlation between the single leg stance test results and the mean preoperative combined balance scores, preoperative condition 5 and preoperative condition 6 scores(((r= 0,744, r=0,752, r=0,766)). When study group’s preoperative and postoperative Sensory Organization Test ’s requirements and mean combined balance score values compared, the obtained mean condition 5, condition 6 and combined balance scores’ results were found statistically significant(p< 0,05). Clinicians should be aware of the possible negative impacts of the otitis media with effusion(OME) on the vestibular system in the pediatric age group, and also should be more illuminating to the parents about the vestibular and balance system symptoms accordingly. Thus, by inserting ventilation tubes, we may help to correct or reverse the possible negative impacts caused by the otitis media with effusion on the vestibular functions in the pediatric age group. Keywords: Otitis media with effussion, computerized dynamic posturography, pediatric vestibular disordersKılıç, B., Efüzyonlu Otitis Media’ nın Pediatrik Yaş Grubunda Vestibüler Sistem Üzerindeki Etkisinin Ventilasyon Tüp Tatbiki Öncesinde ve Sonrasında Bilgisayarlı Dinamik Posturografi Duyu Organizasyon Testi ile Değerlendirilmesi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Kulak Burun Boğaz Tezi, Ankara 2021. Bu çalışmanın amacı, efüzyonlu otitis media’ lı çocuklardan oluşan çalışma grubu ile yaş ve cinsiyet uyumlu kontrol grubu arasında vestibüler sistem bozuklukları açısından herhangi bir fark olup olmadığını ve ventilasyon tüp tatbikinin bu durumu etkileyip etkilemediğini araştırmak ve aynı zamanda hem dinamik denge testi hem de klinik statik denge testinin sonuçlarının birbirleriyle korelasyonunu değerlendirmektir. Böylece çalışmamızın sonuçlarını literatür ile karşılaştırarak sonraki çalışmalara yardımcı olmayı ve literatüre katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktayız. Efüzyonlu otitis media, çocukluk çağının en yaygın görülen hastalıklarından biridir. En sık işitme kaybına neden olmakla birlikte çocuklarda denge problemlerine yol açabilmektedir. Hatta efüzyonlu otitis media’ nın pediatrik yaş grubunda vertigo ve vestibüler bozuklukların en yaygın nedenlerinden biri olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bilgisayarlı dinamik posturografi günlük hayatta karşılaşılan çeşitli yüzey ve denge durumlarını taklit ederek bireyin ayakta denge kontrolü fonksiyonunu nicel olarak ölçen kombine objektif bir test protokolüdür. Çalışmamızda çocuklara statik bir klinik denge testi olan tek bacak/ ayak üzerinde durma testi ve vestibüler sistemi objektif olarak değerlendirmek amacıyla bilgisayarlı dinamik posturografi yapıldı. Çalışma grubuna ilk test operasyondan hemen önce ve ikinci test operasyondan 2 ay sonra olmak üzere iki kere; kontrol grubuna ise bir kere yapıldı. Çalışmamıza yaşları 4 yaş ile 12 yaş arasında değişen çalışma grubunda 30 çocuk, kontrol grubunda da 30 çocuk olacak şekilde toplam 60 çocuk dahil edilmiştir. Gruplar içerisinde ayrı ayrı cinsiyet ve yaş dağılımlarına bakıldığında çalışma grubunun 21’ ini erkek çocukları (%70), 9’ unu kız çocukları (%30) oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma grubundaki çocukların yaş aralığı 4 yaş 9 ay- 11 yaş 2 ay arasında olup yaş ortalaması 6.45’ tir. Kontrol grubunun ise 18’ i erkek çocukları (%40), 12’ si kız çocukları (%60) oluşturmaktadır. Kontrol grubundaki çocuklarında yaş aralığı 4 yaş 10 ay- 11 yaş 5 ay arasında olup yaş ortalaması 6.2’ dir. Çalışma grubunun tüp tatbikinden önce durum 5, durum 6 ve birleşik denge puanı ile kontrol grubunun durum 5, durum 6 ve birleşik denge puanı arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir farklılık mevcuttu (Bağımsız gruplar t testi, p=0.008, , p=0.024, , p=0.038). Çalışma grubunda vestibüler bozuklukla ilişkili semptomlar ile Head İmpulse testi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulundu (p< 0.05). Semptom tarifleyenlerin çoğunda (%87) Head İmpulse testi pozitif iken semptom tariflemeyenlerin tamamında Head İmpulse testi negatifti. Çalışma grubunun tek ayak/bacak testi ölçüm sonuçlarıyla preoperatif Duyu Organizasyon Test’ inin 6 durumun herbiri için hesaplanan denge puan ortalamaları ve birleşik denge puan ortalaması sonuçları arasındaki ilişki Pearson Korelasyon testi uygulanarak belirlenmeye çalışıldı. Tek ayak testi ve preoperatif birleşik denge puan ortalaması, preoperatif durum 5 ve preoperatif durum 6 puan ortalaması arasında pozitif yönlü, güçlü bir ilişki mevcuttu (r= 0,744, r=0,752, r=0,766). Çalışma grubunun preoperatif ve postoperatif Duyu Organizasyon Testi’ nin tüm koşullarının ve birleşik denge puanının ortalamaları karşılaştırıldığında elde edilen durum 5, durum 6 ve birleşil denge puan ortalamalarının sonucu istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p< 0,05). Klinisyenlerin efüzyonlu otitis media’ nın çocuklarda vestibüler fonksiyon üzerindeki olası olumsuz etkisinin farkında olmaları gerekmektedir ve klinisyenler ebeveynlere denge bozukluğu semptomları hakkında daha açıklayıcı olmalıdırlar. Efüzyonlu otitis media’ nın vestibüler fonksiyonlar üzerine olan bu olumsuz etkisine karşı ventilasyon tüpü tatbiki yaparak denge bozukluğunun düzelmesine yardımcı olabiliriz. Anahtar Kelimeler: Efüzyonlu otitis media, bilgisayarlı dinamik posturografi, pediatrik vestibüler bozuklukla

Are They Careful Enough? Testing Consumers' Perception of Alternative Processing Technologies on the Quality of Organic Food

Given the increasing public interest in how ingredients are processed and the growing demand for organic food products, it is critical to understand consumers’ expectations about the process-related quality of organic products. Consumers perceive organic food to be nutritious, healthy, and either natural or less processed, as they are afraid of the loss of nutritional, organoleptic, and sensory properties of the food products. However, alternative food processing technologies might generate healthy and safe food options with nutritional quality properties. Simplified communication schemes might help to overcome this barrier for the consumer. The main objective of this study is to propose a working definition of “careful processing” for organic products and test its consistency through an experiment while being used to rate different processing methods by consumers. Results show that the proposed definition allows the consumer to consistently rate alternative processing technologies. Consumers tend to score alternative processing technologies such as pulsed electricfields and microwaves as less careful, supporting the idea that organic consumers want as little man-made interference in their food products as possible. Results show that a simple but effective definition of careful processing may help consumers to distinguish more organic food products from conventional ones, no matter which communication scheme is used

The expression of GST and CYP isoenzymes in thyroid nodular hyperplasia and papillary thyroid cancer tissue: Correlation with clinical parameters

Kilic, Murat/0000-0002-1377-2021WOS: 000396557600015This study investigated the immunohistochemical staining characteristics of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pi(P), mu(M), theta(T), omega(O) and kappa(K) cytochrome P450 (CYP) A1, B1 and 2E1 isoenzymes in thyroid nodular hyperplasia (NH) and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) tissues. For immunohistochemical studies, tissues from 18 patients with thyroid nodular hyperplasia, 28 patients with papillary thyroid cancer at the Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, were used. Relationships between GST and CYP isoenzyme expressions in NH and PTC tissues were examined by the Mann-Whitney U test, and clinicopathological data were examined by the Pearson Correlation Test and Regression Analysis. When the NH and PTC tissues from these cases were compared with respect to their staining intensity, GSTP1, GSTO1, GSTK1, CYP1A1, CYP2E1 expressions in PTC cells were significantly higher than those in NH epithelial cells (p 0.05). There were significant association between GSTO1, GSTK1 expressions and sT3 levels in PTC (p 0.05). GSTP1, GSTO1, GSTK1, CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 isoenzymes may have roles in the carcinogenesis of the papillary thyroid cancer.Kirikkale UniversityKirikkale University [2012/19]This work was finacially supported by Kirikkale University (project number 2012/19)