Decentralized Multi-Agent Production Control through Economic Model Bidding for Matrix Production Systems

Due to increasing demand for unique products, large variety in product portfolios and the associated rise in individualization, the efficient use of resources in traditional line production dwindles. One answer to these new challenges is the application of matrix-shaped layouts with multiple production cells, called Matrix Production Systems. The cycle time independence and redundancy of production cell capabilities within a Matrix Production System enable individual production paths per job for Flexible Mass Customisation. However, the increased degrees of freedom strengthen the need for reliable production control systems compared to traditional production systems such as line production. Beyond reliability a need for intelligent production within a smart factory in order to ensure goal-oriented production control under ever-changing manufacturing conditions can be ascertained. Learning-based methods can leverage condition-based reactions for goal-oriented production control. While centralized control performs well in single-objective situations, it is hard to achieve contradictory targets for individual products or resources. Hence, in order to master these challenges, a production control concept based on a decentralized multi-agent bidding system is presented. In this price-based model, individual production agents - jobs, production cells and transport system - interact based on an economic model and attempt to maximize monetary revenues. Evaluating the application of learning and priority-based control policies shows that decentralized multi-agent production control can outperform traditional approaches for certain control objectives. The introduction of decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning systems is a starting point for further research in this area of intelligent production control within smart manufacturing

Unreflected Acceptance -- Investigating the Negative Consequences of ChatGPT-Assisted Problem Solving in Physics Education

Large language models (LLMs) have recently gained popularity. However, the impact of their general availability through ChatGPT on sensitive areas of everyday life, such as education, remains unclear. Nevertheless, the societal impact on established educational methods is already being experienced by both students and educators. Our work focuses on higher physics education and examines problem solving strategies. In a study, students with a background in physics were assigned to solve physics exercises, with one group having access to an internet search engine (N=12) and the other group being allowed to use ChatGPT (N=27). We evaluated their performance, strategies, and interaction with the provided tools. Our results showed that nearly half of the solutions provided with the support of ChatGPT were mistakenly assumed to be correct by the students, indicating that they overly trusted ChatGPT even in their field of expertise. Likewise, in 42% of cases, students used copy & paste to query ChatGPT -- an approach only used in 4% of search engine queries -- highlighting the stark differences in interaction behavior between the groups and indicating limited reflection when using ChatGPT. In our work, we demonstrated a need to (1) guide students on how to interact with LLMs and (2) create awareness of potential shortcomings for users.Comment: Pre-print currently under revie

Visualizing Entanglement in multi-Qubit Systems

In the field of quantum information science and technology, the representation and visualization of quantum states and related processes are essential for both research and education. In this context, a focus especially lies on ensembles of few qubits. There exist many powerful representations for single-qubit and multi-qubit systems, such as the famous Bloch sphere and generalizations. Here, we utilize the dimensional circle notation as a representation of such ensembles, adapting the so-called circle notation of qubits and the idea of representing the n-particle system in an n-dimensional space. We show that the mathematical conditions for separability lead to symmetry conditions of the quantum state visualized, offering a new perspective on entanglement in few-qubit systems and therefore on various quantum algorithms. In this way, dimensional notations promise significant potential for conveying nontrivial quantum entanglement properties and processes in few-qubit systems to a broader audience, and could enhance understanding of these concepts as a bridge between intuitive quantum insight and formal mathematical descriptions.Comment: 22 pages, 20 figure

CARD14 gain-of-function mutation alone is sufficient to drive IL-23/IL-17-mediated psoriasiform skin inflammation in vivo

Rare autosomal dominant mutations in the gene encoding the keratinocyte signaling molecule, Caspase Recruitment Domain-Containing Protein 14 (CARD14), have been associated with an increased susceptibility to psoriasis but the physiological impact of CARD14 gain-of-function mutations remains to be fully determined in vivo. Here, we report that heterozygous mice harboring a CARD14 gain-of-function mutation (Card14ΔE138) spontaneously develop a chronic psoriatic phenotype with characteristic scaling skin lesions, epidermal thickening, keratinocyte hyperproliferation, hyperkeratosis and immune cell infiltration. Affected skin of these mice is characterized by elevated expression of anti-microbial peptides, chemokines and cytokines (including Th17 cell-signature cytokines), and an immune infiltrate rich in neutrophils, myeloid cells and T-cells, reminiscent of human psoriatic skin. Disease pathogenesis was driven by the IL-23/IL-17 axis and neutralization of IL-23p19, the key cytokine in maintaining Th17 cell polarization, significantly reduced skin lesions and the expression of antimicrobial peptides and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, hyperactivation of CARD14 alone is sufficient to orchestrate the complex immunopathogenesis that drives Th17-mediated psoriasis skin disease in vivo

XUV Fluorescence Detection of Laser-Cooled Stored Relativistic Ions

An improved moveable in vacuo XUV fluorescence detection system was employed for the laser cooling of bunched relativistic ( β = 0.47) carbon ions at the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) of GSI Helmholtzzentrum Darmstadt, Germany. Strongly Doppler boosted XUV fluorescence (∼90 nm) was emitted from the ions in a forward light cone after laser excitation of the 2s–2p transition (∼155 nm) by a new tunable pulsed UV laser system (257 nm). It was shown that the detected fluorescence strongly depends on the position of the detector around the bunched ion beam and on the delay (∼ns) between the ion bunches and the laser pulses. In addition, the fluorescence information could be directly combined with the revolution frequencies of the ions (and their longitudinal momentum spread), which were recorded using the Schottky resonator at the ESR. These fluorescence detection features are required for future laser cooling experiments at highly relativistic energies (up to γ ∼ 13) and high intensities (up to 10 11 particles) of ion beams in the new heavy ion synchrotron SIS100 at FAIR

Talc under tension and compression: Spinodal instability, elasticity, and structure

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95060/1/jgrb13358.pd

Conversion in Turkish : an overview

This paper presents an overview of possible cases of conversion in Turkish. I argue that apparent cases of conversion between nouns and adjectives are cases of syntactic transposition, and apparent cases of conversion between nouns/adjectives and verbs are end products of phonological changes in the history of the language, which resulted in pairs of lexemes that are formally identical synchronically, but not historically. This does not mean that no cases of morphological conversion can be traced in the language. I will present two cases of secondary word-class conversion from derived, inflected and uninflected words to toponyms which might be taken as instances of morphological conversion or derivation by zero-affixation