Peran Hemaglutinin dan Hemolisin pada Escherichia coli Sorbitol-negatif Isolat Burung Puyuh pada Proses Infeksi Secara in Vitro

Abstract Escherichia coli sorbitol-negative in quails cause economic loss due to the death, growth rate inhibition, decreased egg production, and increased medical treatment. Escherichia coli sorbitol-negative has many virulence factors, including hemagglutinin and hemolysin. The aim of this study is to determine the role of hemagglutinin and hemolysin in the infection process of Escherichia coli sorbitol-negative in vitro. This study was performed using 23 isolates of Escherichia coli sorbitol-negative from quails, 52.2% (12 of 23 isolates) had hemagglutinin, while 34.8% (8 out of 23 isolates) had hemolysin. Isolates with hemagglutinin were more attached to human buccal epithelial cells than isolates without hemagglutinin (P <0.05). Isolates with hemolysin were less phagocyted by macrophages compared to isolates which without hemolysin (P <0.05). Escherichia coli sorbitol-negative isolates from quails that have hemagglutinin and hemolysin are pathogenic isolates that possess the potential to cause colibasilosis and transmission between quails and other birds.

Multidrug-Resistant Strain ExPEC Isolat Asal Puyuh (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

AbstractExtraintestinal Escherichia coli (ExPEC) causes colibacillosis in poultry, including quail. ExPEC is a pathogenic E. coli that causes colibacillosis outside the gastrointestinal tract of poultry, in the form of peritonitis, pericarditis, salpingitis, synovitis, osteomyelitis, septicemia, pneumonitis, nephritis, pleurisy, proventriculitis and ventriculitis. In poultry farming antibiotics are used to promote growth and egg production, prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. Antibiotic resistance is a new problem that arises in poultry farming. In this study, 24 isolates of ExPEC strain from quail were used. These isolates did not differentiate sorbitol in the MacConkey (SMAC) sorbitol test assay. Antibiotic resistance was tested based on the inhibition of bacterial growth on Muller Hinnton Agar (MHA) media. 10 types of antibiotics were used to observe their resistance in all isolates. Resistance to Amikacin (87.5%), Ampicillin (87.5%), Ciprofloxacin (100%), Clindamycin (95.83%), Cefoxacin (25.0%), Doxycycline (87.5%), Erythromycin (100%), Gentamicin (95.83%), Penicillin (95.83%) and Tetracycline (83.3%). The isolates had multidrug-resistance between 3 to 10 types of antibiotics. This study showed that ExPEC isolates from quail were resistant to the type of antibiotics tested, so that the use of antibiotics in quail culture should be limited to reduce and prevent the emergence of new antibiotic resistance. Keyword: Escherichia coli, sorbitol-negative, quail, antibiotics resistanc

Prevalensi Strain Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) Penyebab Kolibasilosis pada Burung Puyuh

Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a pathogen that causes colibacillosis in poultry, including salpingitis, omphalitis, cellulitis, swollen head syndrome, coligranuloma yolk sac inflammation, and air sacs inflammation. APEC is a zoonotic strain which spread through raw meat and processed meat products of animals and birds. In this research, the isolation and identification of Escherichia coli were done by using selective media MacConkey, Kligger Iron Agar, and Gram staining. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyse genetopically to detect 16SrRNA genes, vt1 genes, and vt2 genes. Thirty one (55,36%) isolates of 56 specimens collected from quail were detected as Escherichia coli. The detection of APEC strains towards 31 Escherichia coli isolates were done by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with vt1 and vt2 specific primer. The results showed that 32,26% (10/31) was APEC strains and 67.74% was non-APEC strains. From 10 isolates, 90% had vt1 gene and 10% had vt2 gene. Escherichia coli isolates were found in eyes (32,26%), infraorbital sinus fluid (32,26%), nasal fluid (16,20%), also in lungs, air sacs, ascites, and heart for 3,2% each. The isolates could not be found in the specimens from the skull. As a zoonotic agent, the isolates have an impact on human health.

Karakterisasi Faktor-faktor Virulensi Staphylococcus Aureus Asal Susu Kambing Peranakan Ettawa Secara Fenotip Dan Genotip

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of mastitis in large or small ruminants, and often manifested by subclinical mastitis in Peranakan Ettawa (PE) goats. Staphylococcus aureus in human can cause food borne disease. The research aimed to characterize the virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk PE goats, phenotypic- and genotypically. Phenotypically characterization were determined through the pigmen assay as well as hydrophobicity, haemolysin, and hemaglutinin reaction. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was used to detect 4 virulen genes including coa, clf, fnbA, and fnbB genes. The results of research showed that Staphylococcus aureus abled to produce white pigmen (35,7%), yellow pigmen g (57,1%), andorange pigmen (7,2%). Staphylococcus aureus showed α-hemolysis zone (35,7%), β-hemolysis (35,7%), dan γ-hemolysis (28,9%). Hydrophobicytic test revealed 14,3% Staphylococcus aureus isolates were hydrophobe and85,7% hydrophil. Staphylococcus aureus (85,7%) isolates abled to aglutinated sheep blood cells. Based on genotypic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus could be detected coa gene (92,8%), clf gene (64,3%), fnbA gene (78,6%), and fnbB gene (64,3%). Based on the phenotypic and genotypic characters, it can be concluded that Staphylococcus aureus are virulent strains. This information can be used as the basis for control mastitis in PE goat

Karakterisasi Faktor-faktor Virulensi Staphylococcus aureus Asal Susu Kambing Peranakan Ettawa secara Fenotip dan Genotip

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of mastitis in large or small ruminants, and often manifested by subclinical mastitis in Peranakan Ettawa (PE) goats. Staphylococcus aureus in human can cause food borne disease. The research aimed to characterize the virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk PE goats, phenotypic- and genotypically. Phenotypically characterization were determined through the pigmen assay as well as hydrophobicity, haemolysin, and hemaglutinin reaction. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was used to detect 4 virulen genes including coa, clf, fnbA, and fnbB genes. The results of research showed that Staphylococcus aureus abled to produce white pigmen (35,7%), yellow pigmen g (57,1%), andorange pigmen (7,2%). Staphylococcus aureus showed α-hemolysis zone (35,7%), β-hemolysis (35,7%), dan γ-hemolysis (28,9%). Hydrophobicytic test revealed 14,3% Staphylococcus aureus isolates were hydrophobe and85,7% hydrophil. Staphylococcus aureus (85,7%) isolates abled to aglutinated sheep blood cells. Based on genotypic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus could be detected coa gene (92,8%), clf gene (64,3%), fnbA gene (78,6%), and fnbB gene (64,3%). Based on the phenotypic and genotypic characters, it can be concluded that Staphylococcus aureus are virulent strains. This information can be used as the basis for control mastitis in PE goat

Prototipe Ktt Diagnostik Untuk Deteksi Streptokokosis Pada Primata Dengan Elis A-antibodi Monoklonal Penangkap Antigen

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sarana diagnostik untuk kontrol streptococcosis pada primata dengan ELISA-monoclonal antibody penangkap antigen M-like protein (MLP) Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemiats grup C (SGC). M-like protein SGC diekstraksi dengan menggunakan lisozim dan Nasetilmuramidase. Protein dengan besar sekitar 58 kDa digunakan sebagai antigen untuk menimbulkan antibodi pada mencit Balb/c. Mencit yang mengandung antibodi dengan absorban tertinggi (2,868) diambil limpanya untuk memperolehl imfosit imUn( limfoblast). Hasil fusi sel mieloma dan limfoblast diperoleh4 klon hibridoma yang positif mengandung antibodi terhadap MLP, dengan nilai absorban pada ELISA masing-masing 1,900, 1,963, 1,895 dan 2,050. Hasil propagasi cairan asites mencit Balb/c diperoleh monoklonal antibodi terhadapMLP S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus dengan nilai absorban dan konsentrasi sebagai berikut: asitesI = 1,597(5,50mg), asites 2 : 1,940 (5,75 mg), dan asites 3 : 3,012 (5,80 mg). Antibodi monoklonal memperlihatkanspesifitas yang cukup tinggi karena hanya mengenal I epitop spesifik yang diperlihatkan pada uji Western blot dengan menampakkan pita tunggal pada sekitar 58 kDa dan menunjukkan reaksi positif pada uji dot-blot. Antibodi monoklonal memperlihatkan sensitifitas yang cukup tinggi setelah diuji dengan serum hewan percobaan tikus yang diinfeksi buatan dengan S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus dengan hasil absorban pada uji ELISA lebih dari 1,00 dan menunjukkan reaksi positif pada uji dot-blot. Hasil uji terhadap sampel serum Macacafascicularis menunjukkan bahwa 97 ,56% positif

Signifikansi Nilai-nilai Islam dan Peraturannya dengan Ilmu Pengetahuan Modern

Masyarakat muslim dewasa ini menyadari bahwa dirinya merasa tertinggal dari segi penguasaan ilmu teknologi. Sementara barat, lewat berbagai pengembangan dan penelitian yang tiada henti-hentinya didesain untuk semata-mata kemajuan teknologi dan ilmu pengetahuan, semakin berada pada barisan terdepan dalam keunggulan sains. Kenyataan ini amat mengherankan mengingat dalam beberapa abad sebelumnya pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan berada ditangan cendikiawan muslim terlebih pada saat yang sama barat baru saja belajar pada peradaban muslim lewat poros Andalus (Spanyol). Untungnya, sekarang ini sudah mulai muncul USAha-USAha untuk menyadarkan kembali pada proses pencapaian dan penguasaan IPTEK yang lepas dari genggaman generasi muslim pada abad-abad sebelumnya. Sungguhpun USAha itu mengalami hambatan dan rintangan yang tidak gampang. Akan tetapi sebagai sebuah USAha awal, diharapkan adanya kesadaran qur'anik dari masyarakat muslim, bahwa kita harus mengejar segala ketertinggalan itu

Memotret Paradigma Keberagamaan Kaum Santri

Santri has been the first entity of Islamic education that contributed a lot to the independent proscees and the exixtance of this nation. In doing the significant role, santri groups have had variety of religious paradigm. Some had normative, fundamentalis, exclusive and conservative paradigm. But others had actualis, inclusive, contextualis, rasionalis and liberalis paradigm. This article potrayed the typology of santri’s paradigm

Analisa Rugi Rugi Daya Penghantar Acsr 240/40 Pada Saluran Transmisi Tegangan Tinggi 150KV Pada Gardu Induk Sragen - Masaran

The rapid development of technology and modern life. The people are in need of electricity as a source of energy, hence the need for energy that is quality and efficient, to provide it required three step of electric power distribution that is generating, transmission and distribution causing some problem that is loss of power loss in transmission channel and also distribution. Power loss loss analysis from the Sragen substation to the Masaran at high voltage transmission 150kV can be done with the data retrieval voltage and current. Calculation method by recording the change of voltage and current every day at 10.00 and 19.00 WIB for one month. Transmission of Substation Sragen to Substation Masaran using ACSR type 246/40 wire conductor. the conclusion of the loss loss calculation result is the highest loss of power loss during the day of 0.3702918 MW on the 14th and no loss of power loss occurred on the 21st, 22th, 26th. The night occurred on the 16th of 0.3602844 MW. This research can be obtained that the loss of power that occurred during December 2017 amounted to 136065,4065 kWh and caused losses of PT PLN (Persero) valued at Rp 159,795,213.