Liver Histopathological Measurement Due to Maximum Dosage for Acute Oral Toxicity Test Using Ethanol Extract Of Coffee Pulp In Female Mice

Coffee processing into fast food ingredients that must be done in order to get maximum results. Behind the processing there are various problems that arise, one of them are the presence of solid waste in the form of pulp coffee. Based on several studies, coffee pulp turned out to have high antioxidants.This research was conducted an acute oral toxicity test of the maximum dose (2000 mg/kg BW) of ethanol extract of coffee pulp was tested on mice for 24 hours. Acute oral toxicity studies of coffee pulp based on guidelines for National Drug and Food Control in female mice. The study was conducted in 2 groups of test animals consisting of a negative control group and an acute oral treatment group. Each group of 5 mice were treated for 24 hours. After treatment, the object was analyzed by histological observations descriptively. Descriptive histological analysis (qualitative analysis) of the liver of female mice showed no difference between the study groups. The treatment group that was given ethanol extract of coffee pulp showed a normal nucleus which was shown by the appearance of scattered chromatin beads. This is in line with the description of the normal cytoplasm like a group of normal mice. The maximum dose of 2,000 mg / kg for acute oral testing for 24 hours does not show microscopic changes in female mice.Recommendation for further research is to conduct oral subchronic and chronic toxicity testing in the normal group and in groups given free radical-producing compounds with various examinations of other organs.   Keywords: health drinks, antioxidant, acute toxicity, maximum dose

The Potential of Iodine Lactoglycerol as an Alternative Fungal Stain in the Laboratory

Fungi are eukaryotic and opportunistic organisms that can cause damage and disease. Fungi can be identified by direct staining. The composition of the dyes used in fungi staining are toxic, mutagenic and harmful to laboratory personnel and the environment. Consequently, it is necessary to consider use fungi dye continuously, so its need alternative safety dyes to identify fungi in the laboratory. This research aims to determine the potential of iodine lactoglycerol with different concentrations (1.25%, 2.5%, and 5%) as an alternative dye for fungi in the laboratory. The research method used experimental design. The samples originate from moldy bread and made 27 of microscopic slides. The microscopic slides were observed with objective 40x magnification. The parameters assessed in this study were the structure and morphology of fungi including hyphae, conidiophores, vesicles, sterigmata and conidiospores and color intensity using the image analysis of ImageJ. The results showed that various concentrations of iodine lactoglycerol can staining the structure and morphology of the fungi properly and clearly. The value of color intensity of each concentration measured has a different average. The highest average value of color intensity concentration was 5% and the lowest was 1.25%. However, the result of ANOVA test showed a significance of 0.380 (P> 0.05), which means that is no difference significantly from three of various concentrations. The result showed that the difference concentration of iodine lactoglycerol does not affect the color intensity. The conclusion of this study was iodine lactoglycerol solution can be used as an alternative dye or Lactophenol-cotton Blue (LPCB) substitute for fungi identification. It is recommendation for further research be carried out regarding the decrease in the concentration of alternative color solutions below 1.25%, the incubation time for the preparation of the preparations, and the color stability of the prepared mushroom preparations

Effect of Chronic Toxicity Studies of Sappan Wood Extract on The Kupffer Cells Number in Rats (Rattus novergicus)

Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) is a plant used by the community to mix drinking. The antioxidant index of Sappan wood extract has a higher value than commercial antioxidants to counteract oxidative free radicals and improve the body's defense system. The use of Sappan wood drinking in society is often used in daily so it is necessary to do a chronic toxicity test to observe the response to prolonged use of the system in the body. Kupffer cells are an important part of the innate immune system, acting as “scavengers” and phagocytes. A study that aims to see the chronic toxicity studies of the ethanolic extract of Sappan wood on the number of Kuffer cells in the liver has been carried out on 60 Wistar rats divided into 12 groups. The group was the negative control group, doses 100 mg/kgBW, 200 mg/kgBW, 300 mg/kgBW, 400 mg/kgBW and 500 mg/kgBW of extract Sappan wood which were divided into male and female groups. Each group was given ethanol extract of Sappan wood for one year orally. The results showed a significant increase in Kupffer cells in the female group at a dose of 100 mg/kgBW and the male group at 200 mg/kgBW with significant values, respectively, p<0.001 p = 0.004

Assessment of Teratogenic Effects of Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia Sappan L.) Extract In Rats (Rattus novergicus)

Treatment using plant materials has been widely researched and observed to assist in curing a disease. Medicinal products derived from herbal plants are proven useful as drugs must follow guidelines not to cause acute or chronic toxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the teratogenic potential of an ethanolic sappan wood extract on the growth of unborn rats. Six groups of pregnant rats are created: Aquadest was administered to the Control group, whereas the Treatment groups received 100, 200, 300, 400, or 500 mg.kg-1 BW of an ethanolic extract of Sappan wood. On the twenty-first day of gestation, pregnant rats were CO2-euthanized and delivered vaginally. Rats' body weight during pregnancy was observed, along with fetal growth measurements, viscoelastic examination, and skeletal development. Wistar rats' reproductive systems, fetal body weight, body length, and tail length were all unaffected by ethanol extract of Sappan wood at doses from 100 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg. In fetuse rat from the control group and the five dosage groups, no skeletal development had taken place and there were no obvious external abnormalities. Even at the maximum dose of 500 mg, sappan wood extract demonstrated no teratogenic effects on the development of fetal rats.kg-1 BW

PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN TEH KOMBUCHA SEBAGAI MINUMAN PROBIOTIK DI DESA MARGAASIH

Probiotic drinks have been widely popular during the COVID-19 pandemic. Kombucha is a probiotic drink that has caught attention lately. Kombucha has been reported to have various medicinal properties, including antioxidant activity and digestive support. However, many people must be aware of its existence and benefits. Thus, the Department of Medical Laboratory Technology (D-3), Jenderal Achmad Yani University, conducted training to educate people regarding kombucha tea fermentation as an alternative source of probiotics. The training was held on December 21 in RW 06 RT 01 Margaasih village. Women from PKK from Margaasih village took part; there were 25 participants. The event consisted of two sessions: 1) a presentation of the basics of kombucha fermentation and 2) a demonstration of the making of kombucha. At the end of the session, participants were allowed to test the commercial kombucha provided by the host. Participants were also given a kombucha starter (SCOBY) to be used at home. Evaluation results showed the material and demonstration were very well received by most participants (88%).  ---  Minuman probiotik menjadi salah satu minuman kesehatan yang banyak dikonsumsi selama pandemi COVID-19. Salah satu minuman probiotik yang terkenal saat ini adalah kombucha. Kombucha diketahui memiliki banyak manfaat kesehatan, antara lain sebagai antioksidan dan juga melancarkan pencernaan. Walaupun kombucha sudah dikonsumsi sejak lama, sebagian masyarakat Indonesia masih belum mengenal produk kombucha dan khasiatnya. Oleh karena itu, Prodi Teknologi Laboratorium Medis (D-3), Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Cimahi mengadakan pelatihan pembuatan teh kombucha sebagai minuman probiotik di Desa Margaasih. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada tanggal 21 Desember 2021 di RW 06 RT 01 Desa Margaasih. Peserta kegiatan adalah ibu-ibu PKK di Desa Margaasih sebanyak 25 orang. Acara terdiri dari dua sesi yaitu penyuluhan mengenai materi fermentasi kombucha, dan dilanjutkan demonstrasi pembuatan kombucha. Pada akhir sesi, peserta diberikan kesempatan untuk mencicipi produk kombucha komersial yang disediakan panitia. Peserta juga  diberikan starter kombucha (SCOBY) untuk nantinya dapat dipraktekkan sendiri oleh masing-masing peserta. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan sebagian besar peserta (88%) memahami materi pelatihan yang diberikan dengan sangat baik

Tinjauan Pewarnaan Hemaktosilin-Eosin dan Periodic Acid-Schiff terhadap Kerusakan Hati Mencit yang Diinduksi Aloksan: A Review of Hematoxylin-Eosin and Periodic Acid Schiff Staining to Assess Alloxan-Induced Liver Injury in Mice

The liver is an organ that serves several functions in the body, including glucose metabolism to provide energy to other tissues. Hepatocytes are the primary functional cells of the liver, which also regulate liver glucose release via glucose transport protein-2. Hepatocyte injury could occur from toxic substances and diseases such as Diabetes Mellitus. Alloxan is an organic compound commonly used in diabetes research as a diabetogenic agent. Alloxan causes diabetes through selective inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and induced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that promotes pancreatic beta cell necrosis. Alloxan also affects the liver's histological condition, including the hepatocellular structure and glycogen content. HE and PAS are used for evaluating this condition. However, both should be reviewed to evaluate their abilities. Mice were divided into control and test groups, each consisting of 5 mice. The test group was intervein-induced with 25, 50, and 100mg/KgBB alloxan on the second day of arrival. The mice's livers were then taken on the seventh day; tissue processing was carried out to get 20 blocks of mice's livers. Two 5-μm-thick paraffin-embedded sections from each group were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and periodic acid Schiff, respectively. Mice's liver slides are examined microscopically for the degree of injury and glycogen concentration for further evaluation using ImageJ digital imaging application. This study found that microscopical and ANOVA tests of both staining methods successfully produced significant differences between control and various dose alloxan-induced groups of mice