The Effect of Internal and External Attention in Futsal Dribbling Skills on Serum Level of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Cognitive Function

.Introduction: Exercise has a great effect on health promotion, and recently its effect on improving the nervous system functions and cognitive processes has attracted the attention of many researchers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of internal and external attention during futsal dribbling skill training on the serum level of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and cognitive function.Methods: forty-two untrained female students were selected by available sampling and randomly assigned into four Control without training, Control with training, Internal Attention, and External Attention groups. During 15 sessions, the participants of the training groups did the futsal dribbling training according to the dribbling test by making five trials in each session. Forty-eight hours before the pre-test and after the post-test, blood samples were drawn and cognitive function was measured using the Stroop test. GDNF blood factor was measured via the ELISA method. Statistical analysis was conducted at a significance level of P≤0.05.Results: Internal attention during dribbling training had no significant effect on GDNF serum level (P=0.12) and cognitive function (P=0.07). External attention during dribbling training had a significant effect on GDNF serum level (P=0.01) but did not have a significant effect on cognitive function (P=0.16).Conclusion: The type of internal or external attention during futsal dribbling does not make a particular difference in cognitive function and increases the serum level of GDNF. But the effects of external attention on the serum level of GDNF have been significant

Combining biomarker and bulk compositional gradient analysis to assess reservoir connectivity

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2010. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Organic Geochemistry 41 (2010): 812-821, doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.05.003.Hydraulic connectivity of petroleum reservoirs represents one of the biggest uncertainties for both oil production and petroleum system studies. Here, a geochemical analysis involving bulk and detailed measures of crude oil composition is shown to constrain connectivity more tightly than is possible with conventional methods. Three crude oils collected from different depths in a single well exhibit large gradients in viscosity, density, and asphaltene content. Crude oil samples are collected with a wireline sampling tool providing samples from well‐defined locations and relatively free of contamination by drilling fluids; the known provenance of these samples minimizes uncertainties in the subsequent analysis. The detailed chemical composition of almost the entire crude oil is determined by use of comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) to interrogate the nonpolar fraction and negative ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT‐ICR MS) to interrogate the polar fraction. The simultaneous presence of 25‐ norhopanes and mildly altered normal and isoprenoid alkanes is detected, suggesting that the reservoir has experienced multiple charges and contains a mixture of oils biodegraded to different extents. The gradient in asphaltene concentration is explained by an equilibrium model considering only gravitational segregation of asphaltene nanoaggregates; this grading can be responsible for the observed variation in viscosity. Combining these analyses yields a consistent picture of a connected reservoir in which the observed viscosity variation originates from gravitational segregation of asphaltene nanoaggregates in a crude oil with high asphaltene concentration resulting from multiple charges, including one charge that suffered severe biodegradation. Observation of these gradients having appropriate magnitudes suggests good reservoir connectivity with greater confidence than is possible with traditional techniques alone.The mass spectrometry work was supported by the NSF Division of Materials Research through DMR‐06‐54118, and the State of Florida

Grain yield and its contributing traits in promising sweetcorn hybrids

Abstract The augmentation of domestic sweetcorn (Zea mays L. saccharata) production in semiarid regions necessitates the development of new superior hybrids with high yield potential. This study aimed to identify the most influential characteristics contributing to sweetcorn grain yield in these regions. Nineteen promising sweetcorn hybrids and the commercial hybrid KSC403su as the control were examined using a randomized complete block design with three replications in a 2‐year study (2021–2022) at the Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Institute Center (ARREO) in Mashhad, Iran. The combined analysis of variance revealed significant variances attributed to genotype (G) for all studied traits, while year (Y) and G × Y effects were significant for most characteristics. Phenotypic correlations indicated a highly significant association of grain yield with grain depth (r = 0.79, p < 0.01), kernel number per row (r = 0.75, p < 0.01), row number per ear (r = 0.63, p < 0.01), ear length (r = 0.58, p < 0.01), and ear diameter (r = 0.57, p < 0.01) traits. Path analysis results emphasized the critical role of traits such as grain depth, row number per ear, and ear length, showcasing a highly significant positive direct impact on grain yield and also a significantly positive association with grain yield. In this study, hybrids PSM3, PSM4, PSM9, PSM16, and PSM19 exhibited the highest values for grain yield and yield‐contributing traits, suggesting their potential for further research in multiple locations with varying environmental conditions before being recommended to farmers

Investigation of Delay Sowing Date, Plant Density and Harvest Method on Yield and Yield Components of Baby corn (Zea mays L.) var. KSC403 su

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different sowing dates and plant density on quantitative and qualitative yield of baby corn var. KSC403 su (Zea mays L.). The experiment was performed in at the Agricultural Research and Natural Resources of Khorasan Razavi Province, Mashhad, Iran in 2008 growing season. The experiment was carried out in a factorial split plot based on randomized completely block design with four replications. The sowing dates (14th June, 3th July, 24th July) were used as the main factor and combination of plant densities (65000, 85000 and 105000 plant.ha-1) along with the two harvest methods (baby corn ,sweet corn and their combinations) as sub factor. The results showed significant differences among sowing dates for plant height, ear height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, husked and dehusked baby corn yield. The maximum baby corn yield was harvested from 3rd sowing date (8095kg.ha-1). The plant density had significant effects on traits like stem diameter, husked and dehusked ear yield , standard ear percentage and sub- standard ear percentage. Therefore, significant differences between harvest method for plant height, ear height, dehusked and husked baby corn yields were obtained. Finally, the interaction of sowing date and plant density and harvest method was significant only for standard and sub-standard ear percentage. Thus, sowing date of July 24th and with planting density (105000 plants/ha) is recommended for maximum husked baby corn yield

Investigating Seed Germination Indices and Absorption Rate of Sodium, Chloride, Calcium, and Potassium in Different Parts of Seedlings of Sweet Corn KSC 403 (Zea Mays L var. Saccharata) Under Salinity Stress and Seed Priming

To investigate the effects of different levels of seed priming on germination indices and nutrient absorption at early growth stages of sweet corn (Golden Kernel Hybrid) a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with three replications in 2011. The experiment consists of 6 levels of primings (seeds without priming, priming with tap water, priming with distilled water, priming with sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and hydrous calcium chloride) and five levels of salinity (zero, 4, 8, 12 and 16 ds/m sodium chloride). The characteristics studied were germination percentage, germination rate, root and shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight of seedling, root to shoot ratio and determination of sodium, chloride, calcium, and potassium concentration in different parts of seedlings (stems, roots and seed). The results indicated that increasing salinity stress levels decreased all parameters measured. Priming seeds with hydrated calcium chloride responded to significantly to salinity stress better than other treatments. Results also showed that increasing concentration of sodium chloride salt, increased absorption rate of sodium but concentration of calcium and potassium were reduced. Because application of hydrous calcium chloride stimulates cell in using calcium under salinity conditions it leads to improved seedling growth parameters. To achieve a more accurate results slicing interaction effect of seed priming×salinity levels was performed. Hydrous calcium chloride treatments improved all traits under study except sodium and potassium concentration. This represents a better performance of seeds germination under salinity stress when seeds primed with hydrous calcium chloride

Effects of Planting Pattern on Morphophiysiological Characteristics and Yield and Yield Components of Sweet and Super Sweet Corn Varieties (Zea mays L. var. saccarata)

Considering the importance of sweet corn as a new food product, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of planting pattern on some important morphophiyziological characteristics and yield and yield components of sweet and super sweet corn (Zea Mays L. var. saccharata) varieties in Agricultural Research and Natural Resources of Khorasan Razavi Province, Mashhad, Iran in 2011. In this study three methods of planting (one and two raised bed and furrow planting) and three varieties sweet corn (Chase, Temptation, KSC403su) and one super sweet corn (Challenger) were studied in factorial experiment based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The result of ANOVA showed that sweet corn hybrids had significant differences in kernel depth, conservable grain yield and ear harvest index. It also showed that number of leaves per plant, number of leaves above ear, stem diameter, ear diameter, kernel depth, conservable grain yield and forage yield, were significantly different among three levels of planting patterns. The maximum main of these characters was belonging to two-raised bed planting pattern. In addition, the highest conservable grain yield was belonged to Challenger in two raised bed planting pattern with 25.76 ton/ha and highest fresh foliage yield was 48.6 ton/ha which belonged to Chase on one raised bed planting method. The highest ear harvest index belonged to Chase on two-raised bed planting pattern. Finally, the result showed that two raised bed planting pattern and Challenger with highest conservable grain yield trait could be used to increase sweet corn yield