THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SQ4R COOPERATIVE LEARNING METHOD ON READING LEARNING FOR EFL STUDENTS

The aims of study is to determine the effectiveness of the SQ4R method in learning to read comprehension at SMAN 1 Darul Imarah. This study used a pre experimental design with a One Group Pretest Posttest Design design. The subjects of this study were students of class X (IPS 1) at SMAN 1 Darul Imarah. Data were analyzed using Effect Size. The results showed that the pretest mean score before using the SQ4R method was 62.59 and the posttest mean score was 82.76. Based on the calculation of Effect Size, where the Effect Size value between the pretest and posttest is 1.28 with a large category, meaning that there is the effectiveness of the application of the SQ4R method on student learning outcomes in learning reading comprehension in class X (IPS 1) SMA Negeri 1 Darul Imara

Tata cara khutbah dan kompetensi khatib jum’at di Palangka Raya

Hari Jum’at adalah hari yang terpilih sebagai ‘sayyidul ayyam’ karena di dalamnya terdapat shalat Jum’at.Khutbah Jum’at adalah rangkaian yang harus terpenuhi dalam menunaikan ibadah shalat Jumat. Sehingga shalat Jum’at tidak akan terlaksana tanpa adanya khutbah terlebih dahulu. Karenanya, khutbah Jum’at memiliki kedudukan yang agung dalam syariat Islam, sehingga sepantasnya seorang khatib melaksanakan tugasnya dengan sebaik-baiknya. Oleh karena itu ada hal yang menarik yang akan dilihat dalam proses khutbah ini yaitu bagaimana tata cara khutbah dan kompetensi khatib jum’at di Kota Palangka Raya. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriftif kualitatif. Jenis penelitian ini digunakan agar dapat mengetahui dan menggambarkan kompetensi khatib di kota Palangka Raya. Kompetensi khatib tersebut meliputi: Pedagogik, Pelaksanaan, Kepribadian khatib dan kepuasan jamaah. Instrument penelitian meliputi : dokumentasi, wawancara dan angket. Dari penelitian ini maka dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa khutbah dan kompentensi khatib di kota Palangka Raya sudah dapat dikatakan Baik dengan presentase nilai rata-rata yaitu 82.06587. Berdasarkan dokumentesi, data wawancara dan observasi maka didapatkan kesimpulan sebagai berikut : (a) Tata cara pelaksanaan khutbah Jum’at di kota Palangka Raya sudah cukup baik, meskipun terdapat perbedaan di setiap masjidnya dalam tata pelaksaan khutbah. (b) Khutbah di kota Palangka Raya memenuhi persyaratan rukun dan syarat khutbah serta berpegang teguh kepada Al-Qur’an dan As-Sunnah. (c) Kompetensi Khatib Jum’at di Kota Palangka Raya sudah memenuhi dari bidang pedagogik, pelaksanaan dan kepribadian khatib. (d) Pedagogik dan keilmuan khatib di kota Palangka Raya sudah cukup memenuhi persyaratan sebagai khatib. Dengan perlu adanya pengayaan di bidang ilmu bahasa arab dan ilmu komunikasi dalam islam. ABSTRACT Friday is the day chosen as the 'sayyidul Ayyam' because it constitutes Jum'at.Khutbah Friday prayer is a circuit that must be met in performing Friday prayers. So that Friday prayers would not be accomplished without first sermon. Therefore, the Friday sermon has a great position in Islamic law, so it deserved a preacher do their job well. Therefore it is of interest that will be seen in the process of this sermon is the ordinance of the sermon and the preacher competence Friday in the city of Palangkaraya. In this research, using qualitative descriptive research type. This type of research is used in order to determine and describe the competence of preachers in the city of Palangkaraya. The preacher competencies include: Pedagogik, Implementation, Personality preacher and worshipers satisfaction. Instrument research include: documentation, interviews and questionnaires. From this study it can be concluded that the khutbah and competence preacher in the city of Palangkaraya has to be said Good with a percentage of the average value is 82.06587. Based dokumentesi, interview and observation data are obtained the following conclusions: (A) Method of the Friday sermon in the city of Palangkaraya is quite good, although there are differences in every mosque in the governance of the implementation of the sermon. (B) the Sermon on the city of Palangkaraya to meet the requirements and conditions sermon pillar and hold fast to the Qur'an and Sunnah. (c) Khatib personalities in the city of Palangkaraya need to be repaired again, this is apparent from the evidence that is attached on the adab-adab in delivering the sermon. Competence Khatib Friday in the city of Palangkaraya has met on the field pedagogik, implementation and khatib personality. (d) Pedagogik and scholarly preacher in the city of Palangkaraya is sufficient to meet the requirements as a preacher. With the need for enrichment of science degree in Arabic language and communication sciences in Islam

FENOMENA KEHIDUPAN JURU PARKIR PEREMPUAN DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN

Pembagian kerja secara seksual telah memposisikan peran laki-Iaki lebih tinggi dari pada perempuan yaitu adanya peran domestik bagi perempuan dan peran publik bagi laki-Iaki. Sekarang ini telah banyak perempuan yang berani bekerja di luar rumah, seperti pekerjaan juru parkir yang dulu dianggap sebagian masyarakat sebagai pekerjaan laki-Iaki sekarang pekerjaan juru parkir sudah banyak ditekuni oleh perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) Faktor-faktor apa sajakah yang melatarbelakangi perempuan bekerja sebagai juru parkir, 2) Bagaimana kehidupanjuru parkir perempuan 3) Bagaimana perempuan memaknai pekerjaan sebagai juru parkir. Penelitian terhadap Fenomena kehidupan juru parkir perempuan di Kabupaten Sleman merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, sedangkan sampel diambil dengan metode purposive sampling. Sumber data penelitian yang digunakan adalah sumber data primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan kepustakaan. Teknik analisis melalui 4 langkah yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Uji validitas data menggunakan triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa latar belakang perempuan bekerja sebagai juru parkir yaitu untuk membantu suami dalam perekonomian keluarga. Ketertarikan mereka berawal dari anggota keluarga yaitu suaminya yang juga berprofesi sebagai juru parkir. Kehidupan juru parkir perempuan kebanyakan dari keluarga kelas bawah yang notabene berpendidikan rendah, dengan bekerja dapat membantu ekonomi keluarga. Motivasi mereka bekerja sebagai juru parkir karena alokasi waktu kerja tidak mengekang sehingga masih bisa melakukan pekerjaan rumah tangga. Perempuan bekerja sebagai juru parkir telah menggeser budaya patriarki serta budaya dalam masyarakat yang menganggap bahwa perempuan itu lemah, dalam hal pekerjaan menurut mereka setara dengan laki-Iaki, mereka juga memaknai bahwa bekerja sebagai juru parkir bisa menghilangkan kejenuhan. Kata kunci: Fenomena, Juru parkir, Perempua

Mesomerism, Ring & Substituent Effects, A Computational Chemistry Experiments

International audienceThe introduction of computational chemistry experiments for undergraduate students in sciences can really facilitate knowledge acquisition. It can make consistent various concepts in chemistry without a lengthy experimental protocol involving synthesis and physical chemistry mesurements. In the present case the students use a very simple molecular modeling program that we implemented: HuLiS. The computational chemistry experiment described herein is devoted to an important concept in chemistry: resonance between Lewis structures (mesomerism). In this context, conjugated ring species, as herein, are somewhat specific in the sense that aromaticity can play an important role. Hence, we discuss here a rather advanced resonance effect, where the usual qualitative rules do not suffice by themselves, but aromaticity and the ―4n+2 electron‖ rule must be considered. This Hückel rule can be numerically displayed with an appropriate computational experiment. We use our free java applet (HuLiS) designed to evaluate the weights of resonance structures. As it is based on Hückel theory, the computations are fast, and the theoretical background is much simpler than with ab initio programs, hence the teachers are likely to master the tool used by the students. Upon substitutions, the weights of the zwitterionic Lewis structures adapt to the electronegativity. This is an opportunity to discuss the role of electronegativity in mesomerism, and strengthen the knowledge of the students

Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria from Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media Patients in Kerman, Iran

Background: Chronic supportive otitis media (CSOM) is one of the commonest illnesses in ENT practice. This study was conducted to find out the various aerobic microorganisms associated with CSOM and their current antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to commonly used antimicrobials. Methods: samples were collected from 117 clinically diagnosed cases of CSOM and processed according to standard protocols. Results: Out of 117 CSOM cases, 105 (86) showed positive bacterial culture. The Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest aerobic isolate in CSOM. The sensitivity of Staphylococci spp. to commonly used antimicrobials varied from 27.2 for cefixime to 95.5 for gentamicin and coagulase positive. Pseudomonas isolates showed complete (100) resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate (co-amoxiclave), cloxacillin and cefixime, and high sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (95) and cephalexin (90). Conclusion: An appropriate knowledge of antibacterial susceptibility of microorganisms would contribute to a rational antibiotic use and the success of treatment for chronic supportive otitis media. © Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal

Comportements des PME marocaines face au contrôle fiscal : cas de la fraude fiscale

This article focuses on the tax evasion behavior of SMEs in the face of tax audits. This study seeks to establish the link between two variables, and explains the effect of one on the other. The effect of tax audit on tax evasion in SMEs was the subject of a qualitative research based on two methods of data analysis, namely the analysis of the documentary content and the analysis of the content of interviews conducted with tax advisors of SMEs and some tax auditors of the regional tax directorate of Marrakech. The main results that emerged showed the ineffectiveness of tax control in the fight against tax fraud in SMEs, it remains focused on financial performance. The informal sector, the specificities of the SME, and the amicable agreements of the tax control prove to be the factors stimulating the propagation of deviant behaviors. A partnership relationship between the FA and the SME and an efficient tax audit that supports the SME are necessary to converge the behavior of SMEs towards voluntary tax compliance, because in order to change behavior, one must first understand its motivations.  This study has limitations, thus, on the theoretical level we are faced with complex phenomena to study that requires the mobilization of several disciplines (Management Science, Sociology, and Psychology ...). Moreover, we have noted a scarcity of. While on the empirical level, the non-exhaustiveness of the study and the narrowness of the sample make the generalization of the results far from being possible. Consequently, our exploratory study can be the initiation of another confirmatory quantitative study to measure the effect of the tax audit on tax evasion, and to validate our theoretical results, so it would be judicious to carry out a study with SME managers who have experienced the tax audit in order to better understand these behaviors and to identify the shortcomings of the entrepreneurs' point of view.   Keywords:  Behavior, Tax fraud, Tax audit, SME. JEL classification: H83 Paper Type: Empirical ResearchCet article porte sur Le comportement de la fraude fiscale des PME face au contrôle fiscal. Cette étude cherche à faire le lien entre deux variables, et explique l’effet de l’une sur l’autre. L’effet du contrôle fiscal sur la fraude fiscale au sein des PME a fait l’objet de notre part d’une recherche qualitative en se basant sur deux méthodes d’analyse de données, à savoir l’analyse du contenu documentaire et l’analyse du contenu des entretiens administrés auprès des conseillers fiscaux des PME et de certains contrôleurs fiscaux de la direction régionale des impôts de Marrakech. Les principaux résultats qu’on a pu dégager ont montré l’inefficacité du contrôle fiscal dans la lutte contre la fraude fiscale au sein des PME, il reste axé sur le rendement financier. Le secteur informel, les spécificités de la PME, et les accords à l’amiable du contrôle fiscal s’avèrent les facteurs stimulant la propagation des comportements déviants. Une relation partenariale entre l’AF et la PME et un contrôle fiscal performant et accompagnant la PME s’avèrent nécessaire pour converger le comportement des PME vers la conformité fiscale volontaire. Car pour changer un comportement, il faut d’abord comprendre ses motivations.  Cette étude présente des limites, ainsi, sur le plan théorique, nous somme confronter à des phénomènes complexes à étudier qui nécessite la mobilisation des multiples disciplines (Science de gestion, Sociologie, et psychologie…). Tandis que sur le plan empirique, la non-exhaustivité de l’étude et le caractère étroit de l’échantillon rendent la généralisation des résultats loin d’être possibles. En conséquence, notre étude exploratoire peut être l’initiation d’une autre étude quantitative confirmatoire pour mesurer l’effet du contrôle fiscal sur la fraude fiscale, et valider nos résultats théoriques, ainsi il serait judicieux de mener une étude auprès des dirigeants des PME qui ont vécu l’expérience du contrôle fiscal pour mieux comprendre ces comportements et de relever les insuffisances sous l’angle des entrepreneurs.   Mots clés : Comportement, Fraude fiscale, Contrôle fiscal, PME. Classification JEL : H83 Type de papier : Recherche empiriqu

Concepts and definitions of healthy ageing: a systematic review and synthesis of theoretical models.

BACKGROUND Healthy ageing (HA) has been defined using multiple approaches. We aim to produce a comprehensive overview and analysis of the theoretical models underpinning this concept and its associated normative terms and definitions. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed HA models in Embase.com, Medline (Ovid), Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science until August 2022. Original theoretical papers, concept analyses, and reviews that proposed new models were included. Operational models/definitions, development psychology theories and mechanisms of ageing were excluded. We followed an iterative approach to extract the models' characteristics and thematically analyze them based on the approach of Walker and Avant. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021238796). FINDINGS Out of 10,741 records, we included 59 papers comprising 65 models/definitions, published in English (1960-2022) from 16 countries in Europe, Asia, and America. Human ageing was described using 12 normative terms, mainly (models (%)): successful (34 (52%)), healthy (eight (12%)), well (five (8%)), and active (four (6%)). We identified intrinsic/extrinsic factors interacting throughout the life course, adaptive processes as attributes, and outcomes describing ageing patterns across objective and subjective dimensions (number of models/definitions): cognitive (62), psychological (53), physical (49), social (49), environmental (19), spiritual (16), economic (13), cultural (eight), political (six), and demographic (four) dimensions. Three types of models emerged: health-state outcomes (three), adaptations across the life course (31), or a combination of both (31). Two additional sub-classifications emphasized person-environment congruence and health promotion. INTERPRETATION HA conceptualizations highlight its multidimensionality and complexity that renders a monistic model/definition challenging. It has become evident that life long person-environment interactions, adaptations, environments, and health promotion/empowerment are essential for HA. Our model classification provides a basis for harmonizing terms and dimensions that can guide research and comparisons of empirical findings, and inform social and health policies enabling HA for various populations and contexts. FUNDING MM, ZMRD, and OI are supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant No 801076, and MM is also supported by the Swiss National Foundation grant No 189235

Theoretical Study of Some Nitrososulfamide Compounds with Antitumor Activity

The lowest-energy conformations of four 2-chloroethylnitrososulfamides were determined using the MM+ molecular mechanics method as implemented in Hyperchem 6.0. Some of the calculated structural parameters, angles and bonds lengths were compared with the crystal structure data of N-nitroso-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N’-sulfamoyl- proline. Using MM+, AM1 and PM3 the anti conformation was predicted to be more stable than the syn conformation in each of these compounds. With these methods we found that the relative energy of the transition state (TS) was considerably higher, but with the ab initio method using RHF with minimal basic function STO-3G we found that the syn conformation is predicted to be slightly more stable. The determination of some atomic charges of a selection of atoms on the syn, anti and TS structures of the various compounds provided some details about the nature of the transition state

Quelques aspects de la reactivite des alcools et esters alpha-tributylstanniques

SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : TD 78289 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Psychosocial approach to injection drug use : between practices and ideologies

Malgré le développement des offres de soins et de prise en charge, la prévalence des contaminations par le virus de l'hépatite C est estimée à 65% dans la population des personnes qui s'injectent des drogues (PQID). Ces données peuvent témoigner de la difficulté d’adaptation des centres spécialisés et des outils disponibles, à la diversité des profils, des besoins et des évolutions des pratiques de consommation.Dans le champ des études sur les conduites addictives, ce projet propose de produire des éléments de compréhension de la pratique d’injection et de ses facteurs de régulation au travers des regards croisés des différent.es acteur.trices impliqués (usager.es ; intervenant.es ; institutionnel.les). Pour mieux comprendre ce phénomène, nous avons mis en place une série de recherches qualitatives et quasi-expérimentales dans une approche inductive de recherche sur les systèmes de comportement et de pensée mobilisés par différent.es acteur.trices (i.e., observations ethnographiques ; focus group ; entretiens individuels ; approche quasi-expérimentale par questionnaires) suivant l'approche paradigmatique des représentations sociales (RS ; Moscovixi, 1961).Ce projet vise la production de connaissances représentatives de ce que vivent et/ou subissent les personnes injectrices par rapport à la pratique d’injection. Après avoir croisé et comparé les résultats de nos différentes enquêtes nous souhaitons parvenir à : (a) Mieux comprendre le phénomène de l’injection et d’expliquer les pratiques.(b) Développer des pistes de réflexion pour des outils et dispositifs adaptés aux réalités et besoins des personnes.Despite the development of intervention and educational facilities, the HCV epidemic is growing and remains a major public health problem in the population of people who inject drugs (PWID), with a current prevalence of 64% in this population. These data may indicate the difficulty of adapting policies, devices and specialized centres to the diversity of consumer profiles, the specificity of their needs and the evolution of consumption practices. This project proposes to understand injection practices and its regulatory factors, by crossing the points of view of the different actors involved (e.g., users ; professionals ; associations). To understand the phenomenon of injection, this project uses the paradigmatic framework of Social Representations (RS; Moscovixi, 1961) as a holistic and comprehensive approach to investigation. Based on a mixed method approach and a convergent design this project is based on a series of qualitative and quasi-experimental studies (i.e., Ethnographic observations ; Focus Group ; Semi-directive interviews ; Quasi-experimental approach by questionnaires).This project aims to produce reliable knowledge on injection practice in order to better understand this phenomenon. Based on the cross-referencing of the results of the various studies, we aim to: Make a diagnosis: Better understand the phenomenon of injection and explain the practices.Develop intervention research: Develop tools adapted to PWID's realities and needs in order to ensure more effective public health actions