Assessment of genetic diversity in Triticum spp. and Aegilops spp. using AFLP markers

Genetic diversity among some wild relatives of wheat was estimated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and morphological markers. Thirty one Triticum and Aegilops genotypesincluding twenty-four Triticum and Aegilops accessions belonging to five diploid (Triticum baeoticum, Triticum monococcum, Aegilops umbellulata, Aegilops caudata and Aegilops tauschii), five tetraploid(Triticum dicoccoides, Triticum dicoccum, Aegilops crassa (4x), Aegilops cylindrica, Aegilops triuncialis) and two hexaploid (Triticum compactum, A. crassa (6x)) species sampled from different ecogeographical regions of Iran; a durum wheat cultivar 'Langdon', a local wheat cultivar 'Roshan', a wheat cultivar 'Chinese spring' and four synthetic hexaploid wheats were evaluated. Genetic diversity amongwheat accessions was estimated using 14 PstI:MseI primer pair combinations. Of the approximately 414 detected AFLP markers, 387 (93.5%) were polymorphic with 28 bands per used primer pair. Clusteranalysis of 31 accessions belonging to the 15 species by UPGMA cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s similarity estimates for AFLP data divided all accessions into two major clusters reflecting almost theirgenome composition. The first one included wheat species having A and AB genomes, while second cluster included wheat species having C, D, AB, CD, UC, DM, DDM and ABD genomes. The genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.12 between Ae. glabra and accession number 3 of T. monococcum and 0.57 between A. crassa (6x) and Ae. crassa (4x-6x). Two Aegilops species of A. umbellulata and A. caudata were ranked as the second most related species

The effects of exogenous proline and osmotic stress on morpho-biochemical parameters of strawberry callus

For evaluation of growth parameters of strawberry callus under osmotic stress and exogenous proline, embryonic calli were transferred to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing four sucrose (osmotic stress) treatments including 3, 6, 9 and 12% and various concentrations of exogenous Lproline (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mM) supplemented with 1 mg/l of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + 0.5 mg/l 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP). After four weeks, various morpho-biochemical parameters of calliwere studied. Callus fresh and dry weight was strictly dependent on the concentration of sucrose in the medium. When the concentration of sucrose in the medium was increased from 3 to 9%, the amount of fresh weight was decreased, while dry weights increased in callus tissues. High concentration of sucrose (12%) caused the least content of fresh and dry weight in calli. When the concentration of sucrose in the medium was increased from 3 to 12%, the amount of free proline of callus was increased. Addition of exogenous proline to the culture medium improved the growth of calluses and intracellular free proline. The highest content of fresh weight (601.09 mg), dry weight (134.68 mg) and content ofproline accumulation (11.12 Moles/g fresh weight) were obtained in calli grown on media containing 10 mM proline, while the least content of fresh weight (297.62 mg), dry weight (49.55 mg) and free proline accumulation (0.817 Moles/g fresh weight) were observed in calli of control (without proline)

In search of genetic diversity in Rosa foetida Hermann in Iran

Rosa foetida is a dense, erect shrub with bright yellow or scarlet flowers with a yellowish reverse petal. It is most abundant in South West Asia. In Iran R. foetida occurs mainly in the mountainous North and West regions. The species is the origin of the strong yellow color in hybrid roses, which was introduced into modern cultivars in 1900 through a single species hybridization event. In this study we have used 10 microsatellite markers to determine diversity in Rosa foetida accessions collected across Iran. To our surprise, nearly all samples collected were of the same genotype, even when collected at different sites. Only four different genotypes have been detected in total. The results are discussed in relation to breeding system, human influence and overall gene pool statu

Evaluation of crown gall resistance in Vitis vinifera and hybrids of Vitis spp.

Relative levels of crown gall susceptibility were determined in 17 genotypes of Vitis spp. by inoculating a diverse set of Agrobacterium vitis strains, measuring gall size and weight, and percentage of inoculated sites with galls. Hybrids of Vitis vinifera cv. Jighjigha x Vitis riparia “Gloire” (NAZ4) and V.vinifera cv. Alibaba x 110 R (NAZ5) were the most resistant genotypes but not completely immune. No genotype of V. vinifera was immune to crown gall. The interactions among strain and genotype were significant. V. vinifera cv. White Bidaneh was especially sensitive to the limited host range strain AG57. Weight and size of galls that were induced by 4 strains of Agrobacterium vitis were not significantly different for all genotypes of Vitis spp. But susceptibility of the genotypes to individual strains of A. vitis were significantly different

A new approach to solving multiorder time-fractional advection-diffusion-reaction equations using BEM and Chebyshev matrix

In this paper, the boundary element method is combined with Chebyshev operational matrix technique to solve two-dimensional multiorder time-fractional partial differential equations: nonlinear and linear in respect to spatial and temporal variables, respectively. Fractional derivatives are estimated by Caputo sense. Boundary element method is used to convert the main problem into a system of a multiorder fractional ordinary differential equation. Then, the produced system is approximated by Chebyshev operational matrix technique, and its condition number is analyzed. Accuracy and efficiency of the proposed hybrid scheme are demonstrated by solving three different types of two-dimensional time-fractional convection-diffusion equations numerically. The convergent rates are calculated for different meshing within the boundary element technique. Numerical results are given by graphs and tables for solutions and different type of error norms

Ethylene and Anti-Ethylene Treatment Effects on Cut "First Red" Rose

Studies were conducted to determine the effects of ethylene and anti-ethylene treatments on postharvest life of cut "First Red" rose flowers. Effects of exogenous ethylene at 1, 10 and 100 ul l-1 for 48 h at 22 C on cut "First Red" rose flowers were investigated. Ethylene at different concentrations reduced postharvest life, with 100 ul l-1 having the greatest effect. Ethylene production measurements suggested that "First Red" rose is climacteric during senescence. Pre-treatment of "First Red" rose flowers with 0.5 mM silver thiosulfate (STS) for 2 h at 22 C increased vase life, but pre-treatment with 1 ul l-1 1- methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) did not. Pre-treatment of "First Red" rose with 0.5 mM STS and, to a lesser extent, 1 ul l-1 1-MCP for 2 h at 22 C, protected flowers from subsequent exposure to 10 ul l-1 ethylene. Maximum vase life in both ethylene-treated and non-ethylene-treated "First Red" rose flowers was obtained with 0.5 mM STS

Unstructured Large Eddy Simulation Technology for Prediction and Control of Jet Noise

Development of concepts for reduction of jet noise has relied heavily on expensive experimental testing of various nozzle designs. For example, the design of nozzle serrations (chevron) and internal mixer/ejector nozzles have relied largely on laboratory and full-scale testing. Without a deeper understanding of the sources of high-speed jet noise it is very difficult to effectively design configurations that reduce the noise and maintain other performance metrics such as nozzle thrust. In addition, the high complexity of the flow limits the success of a parametric black-box optimization

ESDA2004-58427 MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF AN ULTRA LIGHT SLOW FLYER WITH VARIABLE SHAPE CONTROL SURFACES USING SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY ACTUATORS

ABSTRACT Applying flexible variable shape control surfaces (wing and elevator) structures is a way to increase efficiency and maneuverability of the planes, which is recently under research. In this paper, modeling of the flight of an unmanned ultra light plane is discussed. The modeling is done based on a real ultra light plane presented recently. To increase maneuverability of the plane, flexible variable shape structures are designed for the wing and the elevator. In design procedure, having an ultra light plane is considered. The elevator and the wing are used as control surfaces for longitudinal and lateral maneuvers respectively. Shape memory alloys (SMA) are used for reshaping the flexible structures of the wing and the elevator. Because of its high power and low weight and nearly unlimited resolution, SMA is best suited as the actuator of the reshaping wing and elevator structures. In flight dynamic modeling of an ultra light plane with variable shape wing, aerodynamic coefficients are needed. Coefficients are computed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). To determine the reshaped structures, finite element models of structures are constructed in ANSY

Unstructured Large Eddy Simulation Technology for Prediction and Control of Jet Noise

Development of concepts for reduction of jet noise has relied heavily on expensive experimental testing of various nozzle designs. For example, the design of nozzle serrations (chevron) and internal mixer/ejector nozzles have relied largely on laboratory and full-scale testing. Without a deeper understanding of the sources of high-speed jet noise it is very difficult to effectively design configurations that reduce the noise and maintain other performance metrics such as nozzle thrust. In addition, the high complexity of the flow limits the success of a parametric black-box optimization