Analytical and Comparative Study of Change in Functional Purpose of Some Archaeological and Historical Architectures in Cairo During the 19th and 20th Centuries

This research paper aims to discuss the nature of change in the functional purpose of some archaeological and historical buildings in Cairo during the 19th and 20th centuries along with a comparative study of some of the most important heritage constructions and evidences in the world, such as the British Museum in London, as well as the Historical Railway Station of Orsay in Paris. There are some practical attempts and technical procedures that have been carried out to achieve some functional purposes, differ from the original purposes of the archaeological and historical buildings in Cairo in particular. In a similar way, this has been applied to historical and heritage buildings around the world in general. The methodology of this study will be addressed through analytical and comparative study of the original idea or the original functional purpose of these archaeological and historical buildings.The outlines and features of change in the functional purpose of these archaeological and historical buildings are represented in some technical procedures like the technique of adaptive rehabilitation or rehabilitation in terms of adaptation, so there is a necessity for conformity and harmony between heritage buildings and modern functional purpose, and this should be done without any disagreement and repulsion with the original functional purpose. There is also a necessity to protect the original functional purpose, which should be adapted to the modern functional purpose in order to achieve compatibility between old and new integration processes

Information systems evaluation: Mini-track introduction

abreast of technological innovations. Yet, companies are becoming more aware that a competitive advantage can not be achieved, or even maintained by utilizing the latest technology. Indeed, it is becoming more apparent that a strategic competitive advantage will not be achieved through embraced technology alone but, in the way companies approach the evaluation, management and exploitation of their human, organizational and technology based assets and infrastructure. In support of this, Sohal et al. (2001) reported the results of a large-scale survey that demonstrated the limited Information Technology (IT) enabled business benefits resulting in service and manufacturing sectors. The survey highlighted that many of the benefits achieved through adopting IT/IS were limited to improvements in productivity and cost alone. Clearly, such results are surprising given the emphasis the normative literature has placed on the strategic benefits achievable from IT/IS. As a result of the far reaching conclusions reported by Sohal et al. (2001), many organisational have begun to question the scope and depth of those IT-enabled business benefits that are not achieved by those companies proactively adopting IT/IS

New record of Cypridopsis vidua (Muller, 1776) (Ostracoda, Podocopida: Cyprididae) from East Al-Hammar Marshes, Iraq

In the present study, Cypridopsis vidua (Muller, 1776), was recorded for the first time from the East Al-Hammar marshes, South of Ira. This species was collected from three stations during January and December 2021. The morphological features of the collected specimens were described for further taxonomic studies. In addition, some water quality parameters viz. temperature, PH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, and total dissolved solids were measured of the sampling station during the study period are provided.&nbsp

Perceptions of clinical dental students toward online education during the COVID-19 crisis: An Egyptian multicenter cross-sectional survey

Objectives: To evaluate the perceptions of clinical dental students on the role of online education in providing dental education during the COVID-19 crisis. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was sent to four Egyptian dental schools from the 20th of January 2021 to the 3rd of February 2021. Survey questions included the demographics, uses, experiences, perceived benefits, and barriers of distance learning in dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic. Responses were collected from the clinical dental school students. Categorical data were presented as frequencies (n) and percentages (%) and were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Results: Three hundred thirty-seven clinical dental students across four Egyptian dental schools responded. Most students used either Google Classroom or Microsoft Teams to access the online content. The data showed that the COVID-19 pandemic affected the academic performance of most participants (97.4%) with varying degrees. On average, students were neutral when asked to rate the online lectures, but did not find online practical education as effective (81.3%) as online theoretical teaching. The commonly described barriers to online teaching included loss of interaction with educators, inappropriateness in gaining clinical skills, and the instability of the internet connection. Conclusion: Despite the reported benefits, clinical dental students in Egypt preferred the hybrid approach in dental education as distance learning represented a prime challenge to gain adequate clinical dental skills

The Influence of the Quality of Libyan Banks’ Services on Achieving Customer Satisfaction

الهدف الرئيسي من هذه الدراسة هو توفير إطار نظري يحدد ويعرف المفاهيم المختلفة المتعلقة بجودة الخدمات المصرفية من حيث المؤشرات والنماذج ، بالإضافة إلى معالجة قياس رضا العملاء لمعرفة مدى وعيهم بجودة الخدمات التي تقدمها المؤسسات المصرفية الليبية من أجل إيجاد طرق لتحسين جودة الخدمات. تنعكس مشكلة هذه الدراسة في واقع المنافسة التي تواجهها البنوك العامة في ليبيا، وحاجتها إلى اتخاذ مجموعة من الإجراءات لغرض قياس وتحسين جودة الخدمات المقدمة. تعتمد الدراسة على استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وهو الأنسب لتحقيق أهداف هذه الدراسة من الواقع الحقيقي لمشكلة البحث. تمت معالجة البيانات وتحليلها إحصائياً بواسطة برنامجي Microsoft Excel و SPSS لاختبار الفرضيات والوصول إلى النتائج التي تحقق أهداف الدراسة. أشارت النتائج إلى وجود وعي بأن جودة الخدمات المصرفية لها تأثير كبير في تحقيق رضا العملاء. الكلمات الأساسية: الجودة ؛ الخدمات البنكية؛ العميل؛ الإشباع؛ والوعي. Abstract The main objective of this study is to provide a theoretical framework that defines the various concepts related to the quality of banking services in terms of indicators and models, in addition to addressing the measurement of customer satisfaction to know the extent of customers' awareness of the services provided by Libyan banking institutions in order to find ways to improve the quality of services. The problem of this study is reflected in the reality of competition faced by public banks in Libya, and their need to take a set of measures for the purpose of measuring and improving the quality of the services provide. The study depends on the use of the descriptive analytical method, which is the most appropriate to achieve the objectives of this study from the real reality of the research problem. The data was subsequently processed and analyzed statistically by Microsoft Excel and SPSS software to test the hypotheses and reach results that achieve the objectives of the study. The results indicated that there is an awareness that the quality of banking services has a significant impact on achieving customer satisfaction

Off line Arabic handwritten character using neural network

— Character Recognition (CR) considered as one of the most important in the field of pattern recognition. The ultimate objectives of the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system is to simulate the capability of reading, hence the OCR considered as artificial intelligence. In this paper, a character-handwritten recognition for the Arabic language is developed. The main aim of the system is to save time and effort Arabic OCR. In addition, to be the alternative of the typing manual due to provide it fast and reliable. The system has four main stages; preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, classification, and recognition. The system is off-line and depends on the image acquisition. So, after acquitted the image has to go through the main stages. The Neural Network used as a classifier. The proposed system is able to recognize as many characters as can with high accuracy rate. In addition, it is focusing on the character that has similarities and the system will also be considered about the number of dots and its position, and the connected components