Smart door lock based on bluetooth and IoT

Numerous control systems for home security purposes have been designed over the years to prevent access to the unauthorized user. The main aim of the control systems is for providing a security for our lives and property for home, schools, offices etc. Therefore, it is important to have a smart technology of achieving this goal. Automatic door system has become a standard feature on many different types of buildings and homes. Further, they are becoming popular due to an effective electronic device which provides high security. Home security has been a major issue because of the increase in crime rate and everybody wants to take proper action to prevent unauthorized users. There was a necessity to automate home so that user can take advantage of the IoT technology as well. Therefore, this project is to develop a prototype of a door security code system using smart device Bluetooth as a key and interface with the IoT in order to monitoring the system. This project was successful working and thus, this design can be a good candidate for home security applications

Alteration of Coagulation Profiles in Hypothyroid Patients

Background: Hypothyroidism is an underactive thyroid gland that results in too little thyroid hormones in circulation causing a slowdown in metabolism, therefor hypothyroid modifies physiological process of primary and secondary hemostasis and may lead to a higher bleeding risk. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the coagulation profiles [Prothrombin Time (PT), International Normalize Ratio (INR), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)] in patients with hypothyroidism. Methodology: This is a case-control hospital-based study carried out at the National Cancer Institute – University of Gezira (NCI-UG), Wad Medani, Sudan from January to October 2020. A total of 100 (50 patients with hypothyroidism as cases (38.50 ± 10.46 years) matched with 50 normal healthy individuals as controls (35.52 ± 11.64 years) participated in this study. Two ml of venous blood sample was collected in a trisodium citrate container. Coagulation profiles (PT, INR, and PTT) were measured using a Coatron M4 coagulometer. SPSS computer program (v 21.0) was used for data analysis. Results: The prolonged PTT account for 74%. The average PTT of cases (42.29 ± 7.22 sec) was higher than controls (32.67 ± 5.90 sec) giving highly statistically significant differences (P value = 0.000) between them. There were significant differences in PTT between mild and severe hypothyroidism (P value = 0.0470). PTT had significant positive correlation within TSH (P value = 0.048; r = 0.070) and significant negative correlation within T3 (P value = 0.000; r = - 0.490) and T4 (P value = 0.020; r = - 520; P value = 000). Conclusion: The study concluded that PTT was significantly higher in a patient with hypothyroidism when compared to the control. PTT results showed there was a significant negative correlation between T3 and T4 levels and a significant positive correlation with TSH levels. So, PTT should be included as a follow-up routine test for patients with hypothyroidism. Keywords: Prothrombin time, International Normalized Ratio, Partial Thromboplastin Time, Hypothyroidism, Sudan

Alteration of Coagulation Profiles in Hypothyroid Patients

Background: Hypothyroidism is an underactive thyroid gland that results in too little thyroid hormones in circulation causing a slowdown in metabolism, therefor hypothyroid modifies physiological process of primary and secondary hemostasis and may lead to a higher bleeding risk. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the coagulation profiles [Prothrombin Time (PT), International Normalize Ratio (INR), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)] in patients with hypothyroidism. Methodology: This is a case-control hospital-based study carried out at the National Cancer Institute – University of Gezira (NCI-UG), Wad Medani, Sudan from January to October 2020. A total of 100 (50 patients with hypothyroidism as cases (38.50 ± 10.46 years) matched with 50 normal healthy individuals as controls (35.52 ± 11.64 years) participated in this study. Two ml of venous blood sample was collected in a trisodium citrate container. Coagulation profiles (PT, INR, and PTT) were measured using a Coatron M4 coagulometer. SPSS computer program (v 21.0) was used for data analysis. Results: The prolonged PTT account for 74%. The average PTT of cases (42.29 ± 7.22 sec) was higher than controls (32.67 ± 5.90 sec) giving highly statistically significant differences (P value = 0.000) between them. There were significant differences in PTT between mild and severe hypothyroidism (P value = 0.0470). PTT had significant positive correlation within TSH (P value = 0.048; r = 0.070) and significant negative correlation within T3 (P value = 0.000; r = - 0.490) and T4 (P value = 0.020; r = - 520; P value = 000). Conclusion: The study concluded that PTT was significantly higher in a patient with hypothyroidism when compared to the control. PTT results showed there was a significant negative correlation between T3 and T4 levels and a significant positive correlation with TSH levels. So, PTT should be included as a follow-up routine test for patients with hypothyroidism. Keywords: Prothrombin time, International Normalized Ratio, Partial Thromboplastin Time, Hypothyroidism, Sudan

ECC–RT-PCR: a new method to determine the viability and infectivity of Giardia cysts

SummaryBackgroundGiardia sp is a major cause of diarrheal illness worldwide, and millions of people are infected each year. Rapid methods to determine the infectivity and virulence of isolates are critical for the development of intervention strategies to control the transmission of Giardia sp cysts, which occurs through contaminated surfaces, food, and water. However, determining the viability, infectivity, and virulence of Giardia sp cysts using molecular methods is a technical challenge because of the lack of a cell culture model.MethodThis study was designed to evaluate mRNA expression in trophozoites and to assess trophozoite attachment to cell monolayer and changes in transcellular resistance as an indicator of Giardia sp viability and infectivity. Heat shock mRNA in Giardia cysts and variant-specific protein (VSP) mRNA in trophozoites were quantified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). C2bb (Caco-2) cells were grown on transwell chambers to study the attachment of trophozoites, changes in transcellular resistance, and expression of VSP in trophozoites.ResultsThe results of these molecular and cell culture studies indicate a direct linear correlation between the viability and infectivity of fresh stocks of Giardia sp cysts. The attachment of trophozoites to cell monolayer, expression of VSP, and change in the transcellular resistance was directly correlated with their infectivity in neonatal mice. PCR was successfully combined with the electrophysiological analysis of cell culture (ECC–RT-PCR) post-trophozoite attachment.ConclusionThis study shows that the ECC–RT-PCR, a new integrated cell culture assay, can be used as a rapid and cost-effective tool for assessing the viability and infectivity of environmental isolates of Giardia sp cysts

Repair of Accidentally Perforated Labial Wall of a Central Incisor Having Failed Root Treatment -A Case Report

Abstract This is a successfully managed clinical case report of a young lady whose tooth # 11 was root treated in 2010 which reinfected after three years. The root treatment was repeated but was iatrogenically perforated because of the operating dentist's error. The tooth was therefore opened for surgical correction. During the procedure, it was found that labial wall of the tooth was missing in the mid-root area. The labial wall was built using glass ionomer cement keeping the endodontic file in the canal to avoid obliteration of canal space by glass ionomer. The rebuilt canal was treated with Calcium Hydroxide dressings at an interval of 7 days. In two weeks as the sinus healed, swelling subsided and the canal became effortlessly dryable using just two absorbent points, the canal was obturated with a custom made gutta percha cone, employing glass ionomer as a canal sealer

Impact of Sever Plasmodium falciparum infection on Platelets Parameters among Sudanese children Living in Al-Jazira State

Background: Falciparum malaria remains one of the most global infection among children particularly in communities with poor resources. Falciparum malaria associated with several hematological changes that affect the major blood cell lines such as platelets lead to platelets parameters (platelets count and indices) abnormalities. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of falciparum malaria on platelets parameters (platelets count and indices) among Sudanese children. In addition to study relationships and correlation between platelets parameters and malaria parasitemia and parasite count. Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted in Wad Medani Pediatric Hospital in collaboration with Faculty of Medical laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Sudan among 100 children with severe falciparum malaria (mean age 8.63 ± 3.40 years; 61% males), 100 children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria (mean age 8.83 ± 4.20 years; 45% males) and 100 children with normal healthy children controls (mean age 10.08 ± 3.58 years; 50% males). Parasitemia and parasite count (%) was determined directly from thick and thin blood films respectively. The platelets parameters (platelets count and indices) measured by using Sysmex XP 300 N automated analyzer, and platelets count was confirmed and assessed using stained thin blood film. SPSS software (V 20.0) and Stat disk software (V 13.0) were used for data analysis. Results: 72 % of severe falciparum malaria (SM) have hyperparasitemia, while 18 % among uncomplicated falciparum malaria (UM). The thrombocytopenia account for 43 % (SM: 30.5 %; UM: 12.5 %), low PCT account for 35.5 % (SM: 27 %; UM: 8.5 %) and high PDW account for 46.5 % (SM: 23.5 %; UM: 23 %) in falciparum malaria cases. The mean PLTs count and PDW were statistically significantly differences between falciparum malaria cases and normal healthy control (P value 0.000 and 0.008 respectively). The mean PLTs count and PCT in severe falciparum malaria cases were lower than uncomplicated falciparum malaria cases (P value 0.005 and 0.000 respectively). The PLTs count and PCT had significant negative correlation within malaria parasitemia (P value 0.000; r -0.286; P value 0.004; r -0.205 respectively) and malaria parasite count (P value 0.000; r -0.450; P value 0.000; r -0.270 respectively). Conclusion: The study concluded that thrombocytopenia, low PCT and high PDW were observed as most platelets parameters changes in falciparum malaria. PLTs count along with PCT to be recommended as hematological diagnostic markers and prognostic tool to assess the disease severity and to improve the management of falciparum malaria among patients

Impact of Sever Plasmodium falciparum infection on Platelets Parameters among Sudanese children Living in Al-Jazira State

Background: Falciparum malaria remains one of the most global infection among children particularly in communities with poor resources. Falciparum malaria associated with several hematological changes that affect the major blood cell lines such as platelets lead to platelets parameters (platelets count and indices) abnormalities. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of falciparum malaria on platelets parameters (platelets count and indices) among Sudanese children. In addition to study relationships and correlation between platelets parameters and malaria parasitemia and parasite count. Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted in Wad Medani Pediatric Hospital in collaboration with Faculty of Medical laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Sudan among 100 children with severe falciparum malaria (mean age 8.63 ± 3.40 years; 61% males), 100 children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria (mean age 8.83 ± 4.20 years; 45% males) and 100 children with normal healthy children controls (mean age 10.08 ± 3.58 years; 50% males). Parasitemia and parasite count (%) was determined directly from thick and thin blood films respectively. The platelets parameters (platelets count and indices) measured by using Sysmex XP 300 N automated analyzer, and platelets count was confirmed and assessed using stained thin blood film. SPSS software (V 20.0) and Stat disk software (V 13.0) were used for data analysis. Results: 72 % of severe falciparum malaria (SM) have hyperparasitemia, while 18 % among uncomplicated falciparum malaria (UM). The thrombocytopenia account for 43 % (SM: 30.5 %; UM: 12.5 %), low PCT account for 35.5 % (SM: 27 %; UM: 8.5 %) and high PDW account for 46.5 % (SM: 23.5 %; UM: 23 %) in falciparum malaria cases. The mean PLTs count and PDW were statistically significantly differences between falciparum malaria cases and normal healthy control (P value 0.000 and 0.008 respectively). The mean PLTs count and PCT in severe falciparum malaria cases were lower than uncomplicated falciparum malaria cases (P value 0.005 and 0.000 respectively). The PLTs count and PCT had significant negative correlation within malaria parasitemia (P value 0.000; r -0.286; P value 0.004; r -0.205 respectively) and malaria parasite count (P value 0.000; r -0.450; P value 0.000; r -0.270 respectively). Conclusion: The study concluded that thrombocytopenia, low PCT and high PDW were observed as most platelets parameters changes in falciparum malaria. PLTs count along with PCT to be recommended as hematological diagnostic markers and prognostic tool to assess the disease severity and to improve the management of falciparum malaria among patients

Surface-Functionalized Magnetic Silica-Malachite Tricomposite (Fe-M-Si tricomposite): A Promising Adsorbent for the Removal of Cypermethrin

This study assessed the efficacy of adsorption for eliminating the agricultural pesticide cypermethrin (CP) from wastewater using various adsorbents: silica, malachite, and magnetite. Magnetic nanocomposites (NCs) (with varying amounts of Fe3O4 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt/wt %) were synthesized, including Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs), bicomposites, and tricomposites, calcined at 300 and 500 °C, and then tested for CP removal. The study was conducted in two phases, with the objective of initially assessing how effectively each individual NP performed and then evaluating how effectively the NCs performed when used for the adsorption of CP. Notably, the Fe3O4–malachite combination exhibited superior CP removal, with the 0.25-Fe–M NC achieving the highest adsorption at 635.4 mg/g. This success was attributed to the large surface area, magnetic properties of Fe3O4, and adsorption capabilities of malachite. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) isotherm analysis indicated that the NCs had potential applications in adsorption and separation processes. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed the spherical, irregular shaped morphology of the synthesized NPs and NCs. However, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of surface functionalized materials such as surface functionalized malachite [Cu2CO3(OH)2] with Fe3O4 and SiO2 may be complicated by the specific functionalization method used and the relative amounts and crystallographic orientations of each component. Therefore, careful interpretation and analysis of the XRD pattern, along with other techniques, are necessary for accurate identification and characterization of the functionalized material. The originality of this study lies in its comprehensive investigation of several adsorbents and NCs for CP removal at neutral pH. The innovation stems from the synergistic action of Fe3O4 and malachite, which results in improved CP removal due to their combined surface properties and magnetic characteristics. The application of magnetic NCs in adsorption and separation, as validated by BET isotherm analysis, highlights the potential breakthrough in addressing pesticide contamination

Phytochemical, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity screening of ethanol extract of Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne grown in Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia

Purpose: To explore the phytoconstituents of Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne as well as its biological effects. Methods: Determination of phytoconstituents of ethanol extract of the plant was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Antibacterial screening was conducted against the isolates of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbes while the anti-carcinogenic properties of the ethanol extract on cancerous cells were investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assay against breast MCF7, ovary cancer A2780 and colon cancer HT29 cells, respectively, in addition to normal MRC5 fibroblast cells. Results: GC-MS analysis identified 15 different phytochemicals in the ethanol extract. The extract exerted significant antimicrobial activity with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) in the range 1.56 - 6.25 and 3.12 – 12.5 mg/L, respectively, against all test bacterial strains. Cytotoxic activity, obtained by MTT assay, was 28.81 ± 0.99, 12.50 ± 2.50, 23.90 ± 0.74 and 50.58 ± 3.24 μg/mL, against the three cancer cell lines and normal fibroblast, respectively. MTT cytotoxicity results was further confirmed by clonogenic survival assay on MCF7 cells. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential interesting ethnopharmacological applications of Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne to treat drug-resistant pathogens as standardized extract. Keywords: Acacia ehrenbergiana, Phytochemistry, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicit

Polyvascular Disease in Patients Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome: Its Predictors and Outcomes

We evaluated prevalence and clinical outcome of polyvascular disease (PolyVD) in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Data for 7689 consecutive ACS patients were collected from the 2nd Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events between October 2008 and June 2009. Patients were divided into 2 groups (ACS with versus without PolyVD). All-cause mortality was assessed at 1 and 12 months. Patients with PolyVD were older and more likely to have cardiovascular risk factors. On presentation, those patients were more likely to have atypical angina, high resting heart rate, high Killip class, and GRACE risk scoring. They were less likely to receive evidence-based therapies. Diabetes mellitus, renal failure, and hypertension were independent predictors for presence of PolyVD. PolyVD was associated with worse in-hospital outcomes (except for major bleedings) and all-cause mortality even after adjusting for baseline covariates. Great efforts should be directed toward primary and secondary preventive measures