Stable Biological Production in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Across the Plio-Pleistocene Transition (∼3.35–2.0 Ma)

Upwelling within the Eastern Equatorial Pacific (EEP) Ocean is a key factor for the Earth's climate because it supports >10% of the present-day biological production. The dynamics of upwelling in the EEP across the Plio-Pleistocene transition—an interval particularly relevant for understanding near-future warming due to Anthropocene-like atmospheric carbon-dioxide levels—have been intensively studied for the region east of the East Pacific Rise. In contrast, changes of the equatorial upwelling regime in the open Pacific Ocean west of this oceanographic barrier have received markedly less attention. We therefore provide new proxy records from Ocean Drilling Program Site 849 located within the EEP open-ocean upwelling regime. Our target interval (∼3.35–2.0 Ma) covers the Plio-Pleistocene transition characterized by the intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (iNHG). We use benthic δ18O values to generate a new, high-resolution age model for Site 849, and sand-accumulation rates together with benthic δ13C values to evaluate net export production. Although showing temporary substantial glacial-interglacial variations, our records indicate stability in net export production on secular timescales across the iNHG. We suggest the following processes to have controlled the long-term evolution of primary productivity at Site 849. First, nutrient export from the high latitudes to the EEP; second, a successive shoaling of the Pacific nutricline during the studied interval; and third, a simultaneous reduction in dust-borne iron input.publishedVersio

Abstracts from the 8th International Conference on cGMP Generators, Effectors and Therapeutic Implications

This work was supported by a restricted research grant of Bayer AG

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Stable Biological Production in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Across the Plio‐Pleistocene Transition (∼3.35–2.0 Ma)

Upwelling within the Eastern Equatorial Pacific (EEP) Ocean is a key factor for the Earth's climate because it supports >10% of the present‐day biological production. The dynamics of upwelling in the EEP across the Plio‐Pleistocene transition—an interval particularly relevant for understanding near‐future warming due to Anthropocene‐like atmospheric carbon‐dioxide levels—have been intensively studied for the region east of the East Pacific Rise. In contrast, changes of the equatorial upwelling regime in the open Pacific Ocean west of this oceanographic barrier have received markedly less attention. We therefore provide new proxy records from Ocean Drilling Program Site 849 located within the EEP open‐ocean upwelling regime. Our target interval (∼3.35–2.0 Ma) covers the Plio‐Pleistocene transition characterized by the intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (iNHG). We use benthic δ18O values to generate a new, high‐resolution age model for Site 849, and sand‐accumulation rates together with benthic δ13C values to evaluate net export production. Although showing temporary substantial glacial‐interglacial variations, our records indicate stability in net export production on secular timescales across the iNHG. We suggest the following processes to have controlled the long‐term evolution of primary productivity at Site 849. First, nutrient export from the high latitudes to the EEP; second, a successive shoaling of the Pacific nutricline during the studied interval; and third, a simultaneous reduction in dust‐borne iron input.Key Points: Glacial‐interglacial change in net export production at East Pacific Site 849 from ∼3.35 to 2.0 Ma. No secular change in net export production in the East Pacific across the Plio‐Pleistocene transition. Net export production on secular timescales regulated by nutrient content of upwelled waters, nutricline dynamics, and iron fertilization.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659Trond Mohn Foundatio

Risk of Transmission of MRSA on Contact Surfaces in Ambulance

The gram-positive bacterium methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most frequent causes of treatment-associated nosocomial infections. The incidence of MRSA among the population and in hospitalised patients is growing worldwide. Ambulance service is an interface between the enviroment, outpatient treatment and inpatient treatment of patients. What is the probability that MRSA is applied by the patient on contact surfaces in ambulance vehicles in compliance with an infection control concept and what are risk contact surfaces in the ambulance vehicle? We studied defined contact surfaces in 30 ambulances after transport of a MRSA positive patients. In the control group 15 ambulances were examined after transport with unknown MRSA status. The sampling was carried out before the final disinfection, genotyping of MRSA strains were carried out within the Euregio MRSA-net project. In three transports with known MRSA status of the patient we found on four contact surfaces in the vehicles a nosocomial MRSA strain with the same genotype of previously transported patient. In the control group, we detected an incidental finding of a nosocomial MRSA strain on the disinfectant dispenser. The risk areas identified were all close to the patient and all hand-related areas of the staff. All sampling was carried out before the final disinfection. In 10% MRSA is transmitted from patient to near patient and all hand contact surfaces in the ambulance vehicle. A targeted disinfection, as well as an infection control concept are sufficient to eliminate MRSA transmission on contact surfaces in the ambulance vehicle

Stable Biological Production in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Across the Plio-Pleistocene Transition (∼3.35–2.0 Ma)

Upwelling within the Eastern Equatorial Pacific (EEP) Ocean is a key factor for the Earth's climate because it supports >10% of the present-day biological production. The dynamics of upwelling in the EEP across the Plio-Pleistocene transition—an interval particularly relevant for understanding near-future warming due to Anthropocene-like atmospheric carbon-dioxide levels—have been intensively studied for the region east of the East Pacific Rise. In contrast, changes of the equatorial upwelling regime in the open Pacific Ocean west of this oceanographic barrier have received markedly less attention. We therefore provide new proxy records from Ocean Drilling Program Site 849 located within the EEP open-ocean upwelling regime. Our target interval (∼3.35–2.0 Ma) covers the Plio-Pleistocene transition characterized by the intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (iNHG). We use benthic δ18O values to generate a new, high-resolution age model for Site 849, and sand-accumulation rates together with benthic δ13C values to evaluate net export production. Although showing temporary substantial glacial-interglacial variations, our records indicate stability in net export production on secular timescales across the iNHG. We suggest the following processes to have controlled the long-term evolution of primary productivity at Site 849. First, nutrient export from the high latitudes to the EEP; second, a successive shoaling of the Pacific nutricline during the studied interval; and third, a simultaneous reduction in dust-borne iron input