20,675 research outputs found
Electrotransport in metals electroluminescence in zinc telluride
(i) ELECTROTRANSPORT IN METALS
The effects of an applied electric field on diffusion in metals is
discussed. Frequently, under high current densities, and for
temperatures in the diffusion range, a directed displacement of the
diffusion species results. This mass transport is described by
the term electrotransport. The major theoretical considerations
relevant to the development of this topic are described, with particular
emphasis on derivations which have been applied to the interpretation
of experimental results. Previous experimental investigations
of electrotransport in metals are reviewed.The results of experiments on electrotransport of indium, using a
radioactive isotope technique, are presented. The investigations
are concerned with the electrotransport of the isotope In114m in
solid gold, thin gold films and thin indium films. Electrotransport
phenomena in thin films have not previously been investigated in any
detail. The results are amenable to interpretation in terms of the
interaction of electrons with an activated complex associated with
the diffusing species.(ii) ELECTROLUMINESCENCE IN ZINC TELLURIDE
This section reports on the electroluminescent properties of the
II VI semiconducting compound zinc telluride. Previous investigations
into the preparation of zinc telluride crystals and the optical,
electrical and electroluminescent properties of the material
are reviewed. The results of an experimental programme concerned
with the preparation of zinc telluride crystals and the electroluminescent
properties of devices fabricated from several forms
of the material are presented. Relatively simple contacting and
processing techniques are utilised and the electroluminescence is
primarily associated with metal :semiconductor junctions and contact
barrier regions. Particular emphasis is placed on the observation
of room- temperature electroluminescence in zinc telluride as this
has not been the subject of previous detailed investigation. The
incorporation of oxygen in the crystals results in radiative recombinations
in which temperature quenching of the emission is not pro-
nounced. This results in considerable improvement in room- tempera-
ture emission efficiencies; the associated emission is located in
the red region of the visible spectrum. Other forms of zinc
telluride investigated include nominally undoped and semi -insulating
single crystals and also polycrystalline material. The potential
of electroluminescent devices based on these various forms of zinc
telluride as room -temperature visible emitters is evaluated.
Possible mechanisms of electroluminescence are discussed
Methyl 2-amino-5-isopropyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate
The title compound, C8H12N2O2S, forms a supramolecular network based on N-HN hydrogen-bonded centrosymmetric dimers that are linked in turn by N-HO contacts
Effect of a Spin-1/2 Impurity on the Spin-1 Antiferromagnetic Heisenberg Chain
Low-lying excited states as well as the ground state of the spin-1 antiferro-
magnetic Heisenberg chain with a spin-1/2 impurity are investigated by means of
a variational method and a method of numerical diagonalization. It is shown
that 1) the impurity spin brings about massive modes in the Haldane gap, 2)
when the the impurity-host coupling is sufficiently weak, the phenomenological
Hamiltonian used by Hagiwara {\it et al.} in the analysis of ESR experimental
results for NENP containing a small amount of spin-1/2 Cu impurities is
equivalent to a more realistic Hamiltonian, as far as the energies of the
low-lying states are concerned, 3) the results obtained by the variational
method are in semi-quantitatively good agreement with those obtained by the
numerical diagonalization.Comment: 11 pages, plain TeX (Postscript figures are included), KU-CCS-93-00
CPT- and B-Violation: The p-pbar Sector
The CPT symmetry of relativistic quantum field theory requires the total
lifetimes of particles and antiparticles be equal. Detection of pbar lifetime
shorter than tau_p > O(10^32) yr would signal breakdown of CPT invariance, in
combination with B-violation. The best current limit on tau_pbar, inferred from
cosmic ray measurements, is about one Myr, placing lower limits on
CPT-violating scales that depend on the exact mechanism. Paths to CPT breakdown
within and outside ordinary quantum mechanics are sketched. Many of the
limiting CPT-violating scales in pbar decay lie within the weak-to-Planck
range.Comment: 6 pages, LaTeX, .sty file included; based on contribution to CPT98
Conference; minor changes, accepted by Mod. Phys. Lett.
Fabrication and properties of gallium phosphide variable colour displays
The unique properties of single-junction gallium phosphide devices incorporating both red and green radiative recombination centers were investigated in application to the fabrication of monolithic 5 x 7 displays capable of displaying symbolic and alphanumeric information in a multicolor format. A number of potentially suitable material preparation techniques were evaluated in terms of both material properties and device performance. Optimum results were obtained for double liquid-phase-epitaxial process in which an open-tube dipping technique was used for n-layer growth and a sealed tipping procedure for subsequent p-layer growth. It was demonstrated that to prepare devices exhibiting a satisfactory range of dominant wavelengths which can be perceived as distinct emission colors extending from the red through green region of the visible spectrum involves a compromise between the material properties necessary for efficient red emission and those considered optimum for efficient green emission
Planet formation around low mass stars: the moving snow line and super-Earths
We develop a semi-analytic model for planet formation during the pre-main
sequence contraction phase of a low mass star. During this evolution, the
stellar magnetosphere maintains a fixed ratio between the inner disk radius and
the stellar radius. As the star contracts at constant effective temperature,
the `snow line', which separates regions of rocky planet formation from regions
of icy planet formation, moves inward. This process enables rapid formation of
icy protoplanets that collide and merge into super-Earths before the star
reaches the main sequence. The masses and orbits of these super-Earths are
consistent with super-Earths detected in recent microlensing experiments.Comment: accepted by ApJ Letter
Phase Diagram of the Spin-One Heisenberg System with Dimerization and Frustration
We use the density matrix renormalization group method to study the ground
state properties of an antiferromagnetic spin- chain with a next-nearest
neighbor exchange and an alternation of the nearest neighbor
exchanges. We find a line running from a gapless point at upto an almost gapless point at such that
the open chain ground state is -fold degenerate below the line and is unique
above it. A disorder line runs from to about
. To the left of this line, the peak in the structure factor
is at , while to the right of the line, it is at less than .Comment: 11 pages, plain TeX, 3 figures available on reques
Solitonic excitations in the Haldane phase of a S=1 chain
We study low-lying excitations in the 1D antiferromagnetic
valence-bond-solid (VBS) model. In a numerical calculation on finite systems
the lowest excitations are found to form a discrete triplet branch, separated
from the higher-lying continuum. The dispersion of these triplet excitations
can be satisfactorily reproduced by assuming approximate wave functions. These
wave functions are shown to correspond to moving hidden domain walls, i.e. to
one-soliton excitations.Comment: RevTex 3.0, 24 pages, 2 figures on request by fax or mai
The superconducting phase transition and gauge dependence
The gauge dependence of the renormalization group functions of the
Ginzburg-Landau model is investigated. The analysis is done by means of the
Ward-Takahashi identities. After defining the local superconducting order
parameter, it is shown that its exponent is in fact gauge independent.
This happens because in the Landau gauge is the only gauge having a
physical meaning, a property not shared by the four-dimensional model where any
gauge choice is possible. The analysis is done in both the context of the
-expansion and in the fixed dimension approach. It is pointed out the
differences that arise in both of these approaches concerning the gauge
dependence.Comment: RevTex, 3 pages, no figures; accepted for publication in PRB; this
paper is a short version of cond-mat/990527
Quantum Field Theory of Forward Rates with Stochastic Volatility
In a recent formulation of a quantum field theory of forward rates, the
volatility of the forward rates was taken to be deterministic. The field theory
of the forward rates is generalized to the case of stochastic volatility. Two
cases are analyzed, firstly when volatility is taken to be a function of the
forward rates, and secondly when volatility is taken to be an independent
quantum field. Since volatiltiy is a positive valued quantum field, the full
theory turns out to be an interacting nonlinear quantum field theory in two
dimensions. The state space and Hamiltonian for the interacting theory are
obtained, and shown to have a nontrivial structure due to the manifold moving
with a constant velocity. The no arbitrage condition is reformulated in terms
of the Hamiltonian of the system, and then exactly solved for the nonlinear
interacting case.Comment: 7 Figure
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