Streamflow response to increasing precipitation extremes altered by forest management

Published (Publication status

Fertilization and Tree Species Influence on Stable Aggregates in Forest Soil

Abstract: Background and objectives: aggregation and structure play key roles in the water-holding capacity and stability of soils and are important for the physical protection and storage of soil carbon (C). Forest soils are an important sink of ecosystem C, though the capacity to store C may be disrupted by the elevated atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) compounds by dispersion of soil aggregates via acidification or altered microbial activity. Furthermore, dominant tree species and the lability of litter they produce can influence aggregation processes. Materials and methods: we measured water-stable aggregate size distribution and aggregate-associated organic matter (OM) content in soils from two watersheds and beneath four hardwood species at the USDA Forest Service Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia, USA, where one watershed has received (NH4)2SO4 fertilizer since 1989 and one is a reference/control of similar stand age. Bulk soil OM, pH, and permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC) were also measured. Research highlights: fertilized soil exhibited decreased macro-aggregate formation and a greater proportion of smaller micro-aggregates or unassociated clay minerals, particularly in the B-horizon. This shift in aggregation to soil more dominated by the smallest (\u3c53 μm) fraction is associated with both acidification (soil pH) and increased microbially processed C (POXC) in fertilized soil. Intra-aggregate OM was also depleted in the fertilized soil (52% less OM in the 53–2000 μm fractions), most strongly in subsurface B-horizon soil. We also document that tree species can influence soil aggregation, as soil beneath species with more labile litter contained more OM in the micro-aggregate size class (\u3c250 μm), especially in the fertilized watershed, while species with more recalcitrant litter promoted more OM in the macro- aggregate size classes (500–2000 μm) in the reference watershed. Conclusions: long-term fertilization, and likely historic atmospheric deposition, of forest soils has weakened macro-aggregation formation, with implications for soil stability, hydrology, and storage of belowground C

DEPRESSÃO E SUICÍCIO NA ADOLESCÊNCIA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

A depressão e o suicídio são adoecimentos complexos e cada vez mais recorrentes na adolescência. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os principais fatores relacionados com a depressão e o suicídio em adolescentes e instrumentos de identificação precoce dos sintomas. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada na base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde contendo os descritores “depressão, suicídio e adolescente”. Após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, restaram 5 estudos, os quais foram lidos e analisados. Em sua maioria os estudos apresentaram parâmetros internacionais, identificando a carência de estudos nacionais. Foram apresentadas nos resultados alterações hormonais, atividades estressoras e homofobia como principais fatores de risco, bem como, a evidente relação da depressão com o suicídio. Na aplicação de instrumentos para a identificação precoce, os estudos trouxeram escalas de avaliação de humor e estresse, do mesmo modo, a mensuração da concentração de cortisol, auxiliando no diagnóstico clínico e no esclarecimento do adoecimento depressivo em adolescentes. Os profissionais de saúde são responsáveis por estabelecer vínculos intersetoriais, a fim de desenvolverem ações para prevenção, proteção e promoção da saúde, garantindo abordagem individual e coletiva

What About the Men? A Critical Review of Men’s Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a health problem affecting people of all genders and other social locations. While IPV victimization of cis-gendered women has been widely researched, how men conceptualized or experience IPV victimization, and the variations in their experiences of IPV, has not been thoroughly examined. In this critical review of men’s experiences of IPV, an extensive search of peer reviewed literature was conducted using multiple database (Cochrane database, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycgINFO, and Google Scholar) as well as the gray literature. We critically reviewed examining the conceptual foundations of IPV victimization among men. The influence or gender roles and societal expectation on men’s experiences and perceptions of IPV victimization and their help-seeking behavior are explored. Current knowledge about types, tactics, and patterns of IPV against men and the health and social consequences of IPV are addresses. Additionally, the conceptual and empirical limitations of current research are discussed, including the tendency to compare only the prevalence rates of discrete incidents of abuse among women versus men; the use of IPV measures not designed to capture men’s conceptualizations of IPV; and the lack of attention given to sex and gender identity of both the victim and perpetrator. Future research priorities that address these limitations and seek to strengthen and deepen knowledge about IPV among men are identified

Evaluation of in vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Especifico Pessoa Phytotherapic Tincture on Ehrlich Tumor Cells and Mice Spleen Cells

Especifico Pessoa (EP) is traditionally used for the treatment of snakebite envenoming. The traditional use of EP and its properties have been reported. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic effects of EP on Ehrlich tumor and mice spleen cells. Cytotoxicity assay was carried out by using Trypan blue exclusion method. Spleen cell suspension was prepared (n=2) with RPMI medium and tumor cell suspension was prepared from ascitic fluid of Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice (n=1); both the suspensions contained 4 x 106 cells mL-1. Pure EP or EP diluted in RPMI (1:2; 1:4) was used. The results were expressed as percentage of cell viability and demonstrate that EP is toxic to Ehrlich cells at all concentrations (Control: 96.42 ± 3.40; Pure: 1.55 ± 2.91; 1:2: 4.85 ± 5.04; 1:4: 13.39 ± 5.08), but nontoxic to spleen cells in at the lowest dilution (Control: 72.86 ± 13.79; Pure: 13.52 ± 6,36; 1:2: 41.36 ± 13.51; 1:4: 56.59 ± 8.62). Therefore, the results demonstrate that EP has cytotoxic effects, depending on the dose and the cell line evaluated.Especifico Pessoa (EP) é utilizado no envenenamento por serpentes. Estudos comprovam seu uso tradicional e descrevem outras propriedades, como antitumoral. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar seu efeito citotóxico em células do Tumor de Ehrlich e esplênicas de camundongos. O ensaio foi realizado pelo método de exclusão do Azul Tripan. A suspensão de células esplênicas foi obtida (n = 2) em RPMI e a tumoral a partir do fluido ascitico de camundongos portadores do tumor (n = 1), ambos a 4 x 106 células mL-1. O EP foi usado puro ou diluído em RPMI (1:2; 1:4). Os resultados são expressos como porcentagem de viabilidade celular e demonstraram que o EP é tóxico para células tumorais, em todas as concentrações (Controle: 96,42 ± 3,40; Puro: 1,55 ± 2,91; 1:2: 4,85 ± 5,04; 1:4: 13,39 ± 5,08), mas atóxico para os esplenócitos na menor diluição (Controle: 72,86 ± 13,79; Puro: 13,52 ± 6,36; 1:2: 41,36 ± 13,51; 1:4: 56,59 ± 8,62). Portanto, os resultados demonstram que o EP tem efeito citotóxico, dependendo da dose e linhagem celular utilizada

Evaluation of Euphorbia tirucalli L. Immunomodulatory and Antitumor Activity

Euphorbia tirucalli L. is commonly used to treat various pathologies, including cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a crude extract of E. tirucalli on the development of Ehrlich solid tumors and immune function. We prepared an extract by macerating the aerial parts of the plant with 80% ethanol (1:10 g/v) for 15 days. Its effects on tumor development were assessed in male Swiss mice (n=10). The mice were injected subcutaneously with 10⁶ tumor cells and then treated by gavage daily with the extract (33.33, 67, and 133.34 mg kg-1) or saline (0.5% ethanol) for 30 days. The treatment had no toxic effect and did not reduce tumor growth. However, the weight of tumor mass was lowest in the mice treated with extract at 67 mg kg-1. Immunomodulatory activity was evaluated in mice (n=8), with and without tumors, treated with the extract (67 mg kg-1), under the same conditions as described above for 7 and 14 days. Lymphoproliferation, NK activity and IL-12, TNF-a, IFN-y, and IL-10 levels did not differ significantly between the groups. However, IL-4 levels were reduced in the E. tirucalli treated groups at 7 and 14 days when compared to the controls. We concluded that the extract is not toxic and cannot inhibit Ehrlich solid tumor development. Its immunomodulatory activity involves its ability to modulate IL-4 levels.Euphorbia tirucalli L. é empregado popularmente para o tratamento de diversas patologias, inclusive o câncer. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do extrato bruto da planta sobre o desenvolvimento do tumor sólido de Ehrlich (EHR) e sobre o sistema imunológico. O extrato foi preparado com as partes aéreas da planta maceradas com etanol 80% (1:10 g/v, 15 dias). A análise do desenvolvimento tumoral, em camundongos Swiss (n=10; machos) inoculados subcutaneamente com 10⁶ células EHR e tratados (via intragástrica, diariamente) com o extrato (33,33, 67 ou 133,34 mg kg-1) ou solução salina (0,5% etanol) durante 30 dias, demonstrou que o tratamento não apresentou efeito tóxico e não reduziu o crescimento do tumor, sendo o extrato de 67 mg kg-1 o que apresentou o menor valor da massa tumoral. A atividade imunomoduladora foi avaliada em camundongos swiss (n = 8; machos), portadores do tumor ou não, e tratados com 67 mg kg-1 do extrato, nas mesmas condições, durante 7 e 14 dias. A linfoproliferação, atividade NK e a produção de IL-12, TNF-a, IFN-y e IL-10 não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os grupos, mas a produção de IL-4 foi reduzida no grupo Aveloz e Aveloz + EHR, aos 7 e 14 dias, em comparação aos controles. Concluímos que o extrato não é tóxico, porém não foi capaz de inibir o desenvolvimento tumoral, e a sua ação imunomoduladora foi concentrada na modulação da IL-4

ORIENTAÇÕES PÓS-ALTA PARA PUÉRPERAS

No puerpério podem surgir muitas dúvidas e ocorrer complicações importantes tanto na saúde da mulher quanto do recém nascido. Desta forma, é importante que as orientações pós-alta sejam realizadas de forma efetiva. O objetivo deste relato é descrever como foi realizado as orientações para puérperas em alta hospitalar. Foi realizado uma revisão de literatura, seguida da montagem de folder informativo. Na sequência, realizou-se as orientações beira leito e entrega dos folders para todas as pacientes internadas. A equipe do setor acolheu de forma bastante positiva o folder e confirmou que seria um instrumento de apoio para o enfermeiro e para as puérperas quando retornassem à suas residências

Decreases in Antimicrobial Use Associated With Multihospital Implementation of Electronic Antimicrobial Stewardship Tools.

BackgroundAntimicrobial stewards may benefit from comparative data to inform interventions that promote optimal inpatient antimicrobial use.MethodsAntimicrobial stewards from 8 geographically dispersed Veterans Affairs (VA) inpatient facilities participated in the development of antimicrobial use visualization tools that allowed for comparison to facilities of similar complexity. The visualization tools consisted of an interactive web-based antimicrobial dashboard and, later, a standardized antimicrobial usage report updated at user-selected intervals. Stewards participated in monthly learning collaboratives. The percent change in average monthly antimicrobial use (all antimicrobial agents, anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [anti-MRSA] agents, and antipseudomonal agents) was analyzed using a pre-post (January 2014-January 2016 vs July 2016-January 2018) design with segmented regression and external comparison with uninvolved control facilities (n = 118).ResultsIntervention sites demonstrated a 2.1% decrease (95% confidence interval [CI], -5.7% to 1.6%) in total antimicrobial use pre-post intervention vs a 2.5% increase (95% CI, 0.8% to 4.1%) in nonintervention sites (absolute difference, 4.6%; P = .025). Anti-MRSA antimicrobial use decreased 11.3% (95% CI, -16.0% to -6.3%) at intervention sites vs a 6.6% decrease (95% CI, -9.1% to -3.9%) at nonintervention sites (absolute difference, 4.7%; P = .092). Antipseudomonal antimicrobial use decreased 3.4% (95% CI, -8.2% to 1.7%) at intervention sites vs a 3.6% increase (95% CI, 0.8% to 6.5%) at nonintervention sites (absolute difference, 7.0%; P = .018).ConclusionsComparative data visualization tool use by stewards at 8 VA facilities was associated with significant reductions in overall antimicrobial and antipseudomonal use relative to uninvolved facilities

Cross-national time trends in adolescent body weight perception and the explanatory role of overweight/obesity prevalence

ABSTRACTIntroduction Body weight perception (BWP) is associated with health behaviors. Current evidence points to an increase over time in both actual and perceived weight status among adolescents, however there is limited evidence on time trends in BWP in cross-national samples of adolescents. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine time trends in BWP between 2002 and 2018 among adolescents from 41 countries and regions, including gender and country differences and to explore the role of changes over time in country-level overweight/obesity prevalence in these trends.Methods Data were used from five cycles (2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, 2018) of the repeated cross-sectional Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study (n = 746,121; mean±standard deviation age 13.7 ± 1.6 years, 51.0% girls). Multilevel logistic models estimated cross-national linear time trends in adolescent BWP (correct perception, underestimation, or overestimation), adjusted for gender, age, and family affluence. Next, we tested whether country-level changes over time overweight/obesity prevalence could explain these trends in BWP among adolescents.Results Correct weight perception increased over time among girls, while it decreased among boys. Underestimation of weight status increased, and overestimation of weight status decreased over time among both genders, with stronger trends for girls. Furthermore, country differences in trends in both BWP and overweight/obesity were found. Changes over time in country-level overweight/obesity prevalence could not explain these trends.Conclusion The linear increase over time in correct weight perception and the decrease in overestimation may have a positive effect on unhealthy weight reduction behaviors among adolescents. However, the increase in underestimation could signal a need for interventions to strengthen correct weight perception among adolescents. Several implications for policy and practice are discussed