The Economics of Manure Utilization: Model and Application

A model of manure utilization is developed and applied to four types of transportable manure. Model results highlight important response differences among manure types and generally illustrate the diseconomies of manure production. For example, as manure production increases, manure value decreases and excess phosphate applications increase, thereby increasing the potential for phosphorus runoff. Policy scenarios limiting the manure application rate reduce manure value and excess phosphate application. Increasing the ratio of land using manure increases manure value while reducing excess phosphate application. Buildup of soil nutrients reduces manure value, but either increases or decreases excess phosphate application depending on the scenario.linear programming, manure application, manure transportation, manure utilization, manure value, optimization, Farm Management,

The Problem of France and its Effect on the Potsdam Agreements

France, in the Potsdam Agreements, was accorded equal power in the occupation and control of defeated Germany with the Big Three. Yet, the French were not bound, in any way, to the Potsdam Agreements by which the occupation and control of defeated Germany was to proceed. The purpose of this study has been to discover how and why this omission occurred and its effect upon the Pots dam design. Pursuance of this study led to an investigation of Big Three wartime summit meetings and of Big Three relations with France during the various phases of the war. From June of 1940 to October of 1944 the Big Three were faced with the problem of finding and recognizing a French Government representative of the French people. Following the recognition of the Provisional Government of France on October 23, 1944, the three great powers were faced with de Gaulle\u27s chauvinistic and ambitious plans for himself as well as his nation. Full responsibility for the obstruction, however, cannot be delegated to France alone, for the responsibility must be shared by all four nations. By their attitude, the Soviets implied a continual belief in French inferiority, and Russia became a new symbol of danger to French security. Great Britain and the United States, although the main supporters of French rights, failed to support France adequately when she needed it most. The result was the frustration of the Potsdam design for the occupation and control of defeated Germany. The planned coordinated approach was replaced by a national zonal approach. The long-range effect can be discerned in the Berlin wall and the lack of unity between the Western powers; both of which are, in part, a result of the French obstruction following Germany\u27s surrender

Origins of the Nicaraguan reincorporation of the Miskito coast

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Kansas, History, 1970

Adsorption of Lead (II) Ions by Organosilicate Nanoporous Materials

As-synthesized organosilicate nanoporous (OSNP) materials HMS (hexagonal mesoporous structure) and MCM-41 were used as adsorbents for removal of lead (II) ions in laboratory batch and column studies. Mesoporous organosilicates were prepared from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and either an ionic (cetyltrimethyl-ammonium) or neutral (dodecylamine) surfactant. Batch reaction distribution coefficients for MCM-41 were KD = 51.5 L/g (SD = 26.3) at 24 h and KD = 73.7 L/g (SD = 40.5) at 7 d. OSNP lead (II) ion adsorption increased from pH = 3 until pH ca. 7.5 after which a sharp decrease in adsorption was noted. OSNP materials reflected a dependence on ionic strength consistent with an outer-sphere complexation and electrostatic bonding mechanism. Lead (II) ion adsorption behavior in seven matrix batch solutions was not effective possibly due to soluble complexes that were formed that prevented adsorption and precipitation. There was no difference in the batch adsorption performance of MCM-41 and HMS. Column designs were optimized by response surface methods. OSNP material/sand media head loss at a superficial velocity = 0.49 m/h increased 28.1% compared with sand only media. At column break through, defined as Ce/Co = 0.5, MCM-41/sand media KD = 46.2 L/g and sand only KD = 0.04 L/g. There was significant evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the variances in KD were equal (P \u3c 0.001, n =12). Adsorption capacity in columns with synthetic adsorbates at Ce/Co = 0.50 were HMS = 0.013 mmol/g (2.74 mg/g) at 0.6 m3/m2 h and MCM-41 = 0.071 mmol/g (14.63 mg/g) at 2.1 m3/m2 h. For a stormwater treated by single pass column filtration, MCM-41 lead (II) ion adsorption at Ce/Co = 0.50 was 0.028 mmol/g (5.88 mg/g) and sand only = 2.83E-05 mmol/g (0.01 mg/g). Water molecule ionization by metal cations decreased influent pH, combined with deprotonation of MCM-41 during adsorption of lead (II) ions, caused a decrease in pH sufficient to change column adsorption performance. The declining rate sand filtration cost for a 100 m2 unit in 2007 dollars was estimated at $31,600, however this did not include the cost for MCM-41 adsorbent materials, which are not available commercially. Adsorbent life cycle was calculated at 2.6 years

Stability and Relative Stability of Linear Systems with Many Constant Time Delays

A method of determining the stability of linear systems with many constant time delays is developed. This technique, an extension of the tau-decomposition method, is used to examine not only the stability but also the relative stability of retarded systems with many delays and a class of neutral equations with one delay. Analytical equations are derived for partitioning the delay space of a retarded system with two time delays. The stability of the system in each of the regions defined by the partitioning curves in the parameter plane is determined using the extended tau-decomposition method. In addition, relative stability boundaries are defined using the extended tau-decompositon method in association with parameter plane techniques. Several applications of the extended tau-decomposition method are presented and compared with stability results obtained from other analyses. In all cases the results obtained using the method outlined herein coincide with and extend those of previous investigations. The extended tau-decomposition method applied to systems with time delays requires less computational effort and yields more complete stability analyses than previous techniques

The Locus of Control Issue in Standards-Based Accountability

Many states have developed complex approaches to standards-based accountability because both policymakers and educators recognize that accountability requires credible assessment tasks – tasks that clearly reflect the language of the standards and that articulate good classroom instruction

Genetic Variation Among and Within Herds of Angus and Hereford Cattle

Historically, beef cattle record of performance programs have by necessity expressed variation as deviations or ratios from herd means because differences between herds are believed to be large primarily because of environment. To the extent differences between herds are genetic, this procedure underestimates or overestimates breeding values of individuals relative to breed average depending on whether they are produced in herds of above or below average genetic merit for a breed. We conducted this study in cooperation with the American Angus Association and the American Polled Hereford Association, and designed it to separate and evaluate the relative importance of between-herd and within-herd sources of genetic variation for birth, growth and carcass characteristics

Building capacity for learning communities: schools that work

The purpose of this study was to identify the practices of sixteen successful schools that are building capacity for a learning community. The conceptualization was based upon three capacities (personal, interpersonal and organizational) necessary for community building. Researchers conducted interviews with staff, students, administrators and parents. Whole class interviews and participant observations and document analyses were also made. Findings indicated that the participating schools utilized a child-centered vision, that there was pedagogic focus to the work of the staff, that school-wide systems varied, and that leadership was a crucial. Further, the meta-cognitive acumen of the staff and the explicit and conscious use of language contributed to the growth of features associated with learning communitie