The alpha-L-ribo-isomers of RNA and LNA (locked nucleic acid)

The phosphoramidite approach has been used for the automated synthesis of alpha-L-LNA, alpha-L-RNA, and oligomers composed of mixtures of alpha-L-LNA, alpha-L-RNA and DNA monomers. Binding studies revealed very efficient recognition of single-stranded DNA and RNA target oligonucleotide strands. alpha-L-LNAs were shown to be significantly stabilized towards 3'-exonucleolytic degradation. Duplexes formed between RNA and alpha-L-LNA induced E. coli RNase H-mediated RNA cleavage, albeit very slow, at high enzyme concentration.status: publishe

Passive and electro-optic polymer photonics and InP electronics integration for multi-flow terabit transceivers at edge SDN switches and data-center gateways

Within PANTHER research project, we aim to develop multi-rate, multi-format, multi-reach and multi-flow terabit transceivers for data-center gateways, having the capability of flexibly controlling this enormous capacity and distributing it among independent optical flows. To this end, we combine electro-optic with passive polymers and we develop a novel photonic integration platform with unprecedented potential for high-speed modulation and optical functionality on-chip. We also rely on the combination of polymers with InP elements and the use of InP-DHBT electronics for driving circuits based on 3-bit power-DACs and high-speed TIA arrays. Using 3D integration techniques, we also aim to integrate these components in system-in-package transceivers capable of operation at 64 Gbaud, operation with formats up to DP-64-QAM and flexibility in the handling of multiple optical flows on-chip. In this paper, we present the system level vision and the technical approach for the development of these modules, and we present the concept for a thin software layer that will control the parameters of the transceivers and will extend the SDN hierarchy down to the flexible optical transport layer