Soft Drink, Software and Softening of Teeth – a Case Report of Tooth Wear in the Mixed Dentition Due to a Combination of Dental Erosion and Attrition

This case report describes a 9-year-old boy with severe tooth wear as a result of drinking a single glass of soft drink per day. This soft drink was consumed over a period of one to two hours, while he was gaming intensively on his computer. As a result, a deep bite, enamel cupping, sensitivity of primary teeth and loss of fillings occurred. Therefore, dentists should be aware that in patients who are gaming intensively, the erosive potential of soft drinks can be potentiated by mechanical forces leading to excessive tooth wear

A controlled study of risk factor for enamel hypoplasia in the permanent dentition

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate risk factors for enamel hypoplasia (EH) and enamel opacity (EO) in the permanent teeth of healthy schoolchildren from a nonfluoridated community in Australia. Methods: Children with EH (N=104) or EO (N=104) were compared with matched controls without enamel defects (N=105). Subjects who previously resided in an optimally fluoridated town provided data on the effects of drinking fluoridated water. Results: The main risk factors for EH were low socioeconomic status (

Caries experience of children in primary schools with long-term tooth brushing programs: a pilot Australian study

The aim of this study was to evaluate a primary school-based tooth brushing (TB) program conducted in a low socio-economic area of Queensland, Australia, to determine its effectiveness in reducing caries.Records kept at the central dental clinic of the district were used to analyse the caries experience (decayed, missing, filled teeth [dmft/DMFT]) and caries prevalence in children from two schools with long-term TB programs (TB) (N=1191) and three Non-TB schools (N=553). The schools were matched by socio-economic indices.Historical records showed that the baseline caries experience in all TB and Non-TB primary schools were similar at each primary school year. After a mean period of 5-9\ua0years of the TB program, the caries experience (mean decayed, missing, filled teeth, dmft/DMFT) and prevalence were lower for TB group than Non-TB group. In the primary dentition, the overall mean dmft (±standard deviation) of TB group (2.53±3.00) was significantly lower than the Non-TB group (3.06±3.30) (

Common dental conditions associated with dental erosion in school children in Australia

Purpose: The purpose of the investigation was to determine factors associated with dental erosion in a group of schoolchildren in Queensland, Australia. Methods: Dental examinations were carried out on 774 children aged 5.5 to 14.6 years from 8 randomly selected Australian schools. A total of 3,165 primary and 2,976 permanent teeth were scored for dental erosion using a modified erosion index. Dental caries experience was determined from, clinical examination and bite-wing radiographs. Enamel defects were recorded using the developmental defects of enamel index. Results: There were 225 children (32%) who exhibited no erosion and 489 (68%) who had erosion of at least one tooth. Erosion was found in 78% of subjects with primary teeth and 25% of subjects with permanent teeth (

Gene targeting demonstrates that inducible nitric oxide synthase is not essential for resistance to oral candidiasis in mice, or for killing of Candida albicans by macrophages in vitro

Introduction: Oral candidiasis is caused by opportunistic infections with the yeast Candida albicans. Previous studies have demonstrated important roles for innate immunity and T helper type 1-mediated inflammatory reactions in recovery from infection, with macrophages and neutrophils as key effector cells. Both effector cell types use the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to generate candidacidal molecules, but it is not clear whether nitric oxide (NO) is an absolute requirement for candidacidal effector activity. Methods: In this study we directly investigated the role of iNOS-derived NO in resistance to murine experimental oral candidiasis, using iNOS knockout mice. Results: Knockout mice were no more susceptible to oral candidiasis than wild-type controls. Bone marrow-derived macrophages from the knockout mice killed C. albicans yeasts efficiently in vitro, and were still able to produce nitrites in an iNOS-independent manner, albeit less efficiently than wild-type controls. There were no significant differences in local mucosal production of interleukins 6, 12, 17A, or 23, interferon-γ, or transforming growth factor-β 24 h after oral challenge with C. albicans. Conclusion: These data suggest that iNOS-derived NO is not required for resistance to oral candidiasis in vivo, and that bone marrow-derived macrophages may have iNOS-independent means of generating reactive nitrogen species

Association of characteristics of delivery and medical conditions during the first month of life with developmental defects of enamel

BACKGROUND: Developmental defects of enamel (DDE) may be influenced by health problems and illness in children. The aim of the study was to identify the main characteristics of birth (delivery) and adverse medical conditions during the first month of life that may be related to DDE in permanent teeth. METHODS: 1000 schoolchildren between the ages of 9 and 11 years were selected for this cross-sectional study by multistage randomization from four educational zones in Shiraz in 2013. Intraoral examination was used to diagnose DDE according to World Health Organization screening guidelines and the Modified DDE Index. The data on seven birth factors as well as health and nutritional conditions during the first month of life were collected by a questionnaire completed by the parents, and were analyzed with the chi-squared test, Spearman’s correlation and binary logistic regression. RESULTS: 469 (48.2%) out of 974 schoolchildren had at least one permanent tooth with DDE. The defects were significantly related with Apgar score at birth <7 (p = 0.003) and illness during the first month (p = 0.035). The frequency of DDE was significantly lower in the third child in families compared to the first and second child (p = 0.005). However, DDE showed no significant relationship with gestational age, delivery type, birth weight, gender or type of feeding during early infancy. CONCLUSIONS: Three associated factors were identified (birth Apgar score, illness during the first month of life, birth order) for DDE in permanent teeth. No specific illness was found to be significantly associated with DDE