Characteristics of Psychological Health of First-Graders with the Biomedical Risk Factors in Early Development

The article presents data on the psychological health characteristics of the first-graders of different groups, depending on the prevalence of the number of medical and biological risk factors in early ontogeny. 193 first-graders of Arkhangelsk schools were examined with a set of sixteen techniques that allow describe the characteristics of personal health at the physiological, psychophysiological, psychological, and socio-psychological levels. Statistical analysis carried out with the methods of descriptive statistics and stepwise discriminant analysis. Data processing performed using SPSS 22.00 software package. Based on the results obtained, the authors conclude that with an increase in the number of biomedical risk factors of dysontogenesis in a child’s anamnesis, there is an increase in the scope of their influence on the different levels and characteristics of the psychological health of the sampled schoolchildren. First-graders of the group with the least amount of biomedical risk factors are characterized by higher characteristics of personal health. A combination of biomedical risk factors in the early periods of ontogenetic development of first-graders can lead to disadaptation processes in the physiological, psychophysiological, cognitive, emotional, regulatory, communicative, spiritual and moral spheres, various somatic health disorders and school difficulties. The number of biomedical risk factors in early ontogeny is a barometer for predicting personal health impairments, which, in turn, requires timely prevention and correction

КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННАЯ ОЦЕНКА ДИНАМИКИ ФАКТИЧЕСКОГО ЗДОРОВЬЯ ЛИЦ, ПОДВЕРГАВШИХСЯ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЮ ПАРОВ РТУТИ НА ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ: ОТДАЛЕННЫЙ ПЕРИОД ИНТОКСИКАЦИИ

The article presents the results of the dynamic clinical observation for persons suffered from occupational chronic mercury intoxication in the remote post-exposure period of the disease. The estimation of the dynamics of syndrome manifestations of chronic mercury intoxication and co-morbidity are presented. The important role of mercury exposure load as a predictor of deterioration of actual health of the patients in the remote period of intoxication is demonstrated.Представлены результаты динамического клинического наблюдения за пострадавшими от хронической ртутной интоксикации профессионального генеза в отдаленном постконтактном периоде заболевания. Дана оценка динамики синдромальных проявлений хронической ртутной интоксикации, интеркуррентной заболеваемости. Показана роль стажевой ртутной нагрузки как предиктора ухудшения состояния фактического здоровья пострадавших в отдаленном периоде интоксикации.

Public initiatives and the genesis of professional commercial education in the Ural region

In the context of the emergence of vocational education in the Russian Empire the authors investigate genesis and subsequent development of schools of commerce in the Urals - an important commercial, mining and metallurgical region of Russia located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. The research is based on the archival sources, pre-revolutionary periodicals, memories and modern historiography. Its purpose is to identify specific features of the origin of business education in the Urals by reconstructing the history of its first commercial institutions and considering the role of public initiatives in the genesis of professional commercial education. History of trading schools and specialized schools of commerce in the Urals confirms the fact that progress in the development of business education in the region resulted from the formation of the urban professional groups and associations at the turn of the XIX - XX centuries.科学研究費補助金事業(基盤研究(B))「北欧における職業教育･訓練の改革に関する総合的研究 : 新しい「徒弟訓練」を中心に」(研究代表者: 横山悦生)中間報告書(その3

The elemental and biochemical profiles of disabled athletes

The aim of the research was to study the elemental and biochemical profiles of disabled athletes. Male athletes of sledge hockey club took part in the research. The control group consisted of men not going in for sports and working in hazardous industry. Methods. Biochemical blood characteristics were determined using a biochemical analyzer CS-T240 ("Dirui Industrial Co., Ltd", China). The study of hair trace elements content was carried out in the laboratory "Center for Biotic Medicine" (Moscow) using atomic-emission and mass spectrometry methods by means of Elan 9000 mass spectrometer and Optima 2000 V atomic-emission spectrometer. Data processing was carried out using the methods of variation statistics and by means of statistical package StatSoft STATISTICA 6.1.478 Russian, Enterprise Single. Results. Biochemical blood test of sledge hockey players showed higher level of glucose (p = 0.003), lower values of the common protein (p = 0.01), creatinine (p = 0.001), triglycerides (p = 0.005) and cholesterin (p = 0.005) in comparison with the control group. When comparing the elemental composition of hair of the sledge hockey players with the control group, higher content of Na by 2.3 times (p = 0.008), p by 2.5 times (p = 0.001) and P by 1.2 times (p = 0.001) in athletes was reveled. Fe level by 2.9 times (p = 0.001), I by 3.4 times (p = 0.001) and Ni by 2.8 times (p = 0.003) was lower, than in the control group. Besides, athletes had the lower level of Cr in 2.5 times (p = 0.0001) and V in 4.3 times (p = 0.0001). Conclusion. To maintain the health and athletic form of sledge hockey players, it is necessary to use specialized mineral complexes taking into account indicators of individual elemental status, biochemical profile and peculiarities of biogeochemical area. © 2018 Northern State Medical University. All rights reserved

The elemental and biochemical profiles of disabled athletes

The aim of the research was to study the elemental and biochemical profiles of disabled athletes. Male athletes of sledge hockey club took part in the research. The control group consisted of men not going in for sports and working in hazardous industry. Methods. Biochemical blood characteristics were determined using a biochemical analyzer CS-T240 ("Dirui Industrial Co., Ltd", China). The study of hair trace elements content was carried out in the laboratory "Center for Biotic Medicine" (Moscow) using atomic-emission and mass spectrometry methods by means of Elan 9000 mass spectrometer and Optima 2000 V atomic-emission spectrometer. Data processing was carried out using the methods of variation statistics and by means of statistical package StatSoft STATISTICA 6.1.478 Russian, Enterprise Single. Results. Biochemical blood test of sledge hockey players showed higher level of glucose (p = 0.003), lower values of the common protein (p = 0.01), creatinine (p = 0.001), triglycerides (p = 0.005) and cholesterin (p = 0.005) in comparison with the control group. When comparing the elemental composition of hair of the sledge hockey players with the control group, higher content of Na by 2.3 times (p = 0.008), p by 2.5 times (p = 0.001) and P by 1.2 times (p = 0.001) in athletes was reveled. Fe level by 2.9 times (p = 0.001), I by 3.4 times (p = 0.001) and Ni by 2.8 times (p = 0.003) was lower, than in the control group. Besides, athletes had the lower level of Cr in 2.5 times (p = 0.0001) and V in 4.3 times (p = 0.0001). Conclusion. To maintain the health and athletic form of sledge hockey players, it is necessary to use specialized mineral complexes taking into account indicators of individual elemental status, biochemical profile and peculiarities of biogeochemical area. © 2018 Northern State Medical University. All rights reserved

Antibacterial activity profile of miramistin in in vitro and in vivo models

© 2020 Background: Miramistin is a widely used antiseptic, disinfectant and preservative, and one of the most popular antimicrobial agents on pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation (http://www.dsm.ru/en/news/385/). However, there is a lack of reported systematic data on antibacterial efficacy of this agent obtained in accordance with the international standards. Aim: This paper represents a systematic study of antibacterial properties of miramistin. Another objective of this work is to evaluate and compare the exploratory performance of in vitro and in vivo protocols of antiseptics’ efficacy testing using miramistin as the reference antiseptic. Methods: Antibacterial activity of 0.1% and 0.2% aqueous solutions of miramistin against two museum strains of S. aureus (ATCC 209p) and E. coli (CDC F-50) was studied. Three standard in vitro laboratory tests (microdilution test, suspension test, and metal surface test), and one in vivo test (on rat's skin) were used. The study was conducted in accordance with the international regulatory documents. Results: Miramistin showed high bactericidal activity against the studied bacterial pathogens in the standard in vitro tests. Thus, in the microdilution test it showed expressed activity against S. aureus (MIC 8 μg/ml, MBC 16 μg/ml) and E. coli (MIC 32 μg/ml, MBC 128 μg/ml). In the suspension test, miramistin decreased the amount of colony forming units by at least 6 log10 units for S. aureus, and by at least 4.5 log10 units for E. coli. Transition to the metal surface test led to significant decrease of antibacterial activity by 1–3 log10 units as compared to the suspension test. Further dramatic reduction of antiseptic activity (by 3–4 log10 units) was observed in in vivo rat skin test. Addition of a protein contaminant (bovine serum albumin) led to a general decrease in the effectiveness of miramistin against the test pathogens (typically, by 1–2 log10 units). An interesting effect of exposure time-dependent reversal of miramistin's specificity to the studied Gram-positive S. aureus and the Gram-negative E. coli organisms was observed in the metal surface test. Conclusions: The results of this work provide systematic data on antibacterial efficacy of miramistin. They also underscore the need in relevant in vivo models for evaluation of antiseptics' efficacy. While the existing in vitro methods can be successfully applied at the discovery stages, it is necessary to use more realistic in vivo models at more advanced development stages. The observed selectivity reversal effect should be taken into account when carrying out the antiseptics’ efficacy testing and surface disinfection procedures

Design, synthesis, antibacterial activity and toxicity of novel quaternary ammonium compounds based on pyridoxine and fatty acids

A diverse series of 43 novel “soft antimicrobials” based on quaternary ammonium pyridoxine derivatives which include six-membered acetals and ketals of pyridoxine bound via cleavable linker moieties (amide, ester) with a fragment of fatty carboxylic acid was designed. Nine compounds exhibited in vitro promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains with MIC values comparable with reference antiseptics miramistin, benzalkonium chloride and chlorohexidine. On various clinical isolates, the lead compounds 6i and 12a exhibited antibacterial activity comparable with that of benzalkonium chloride while higher than that of miramistin. Moreover, 6i and 12a were able to kill bacteria embedded into the matrix of mono- and dual species biofilms. The treatment of bacterial cells by either 6i and 12a lead to fast depolarization of the membrane suggesting that the membrane is an apparent molecular target of compounds. 6i and 12a were non mutagenic neither in SOS-chromotest nor in Ames test and non-toxic in vivo at acute oral (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg) and cutaneous administration (LD50 > 2500 mg/kg) on mice. Taken together, our data allow suggesting described active compounds as promising starting point for the new antibacterial agents development