NEUROLOGIA MEDICO-CHIRURGICA

Anatomical measurements of the cervical pedicle in a large series of human cervical vertebrae from 48 individuals were obtained to reduce the incidence and severity of complications caused by transpedicular screw placement. The greatest pedicle length was at C-3 and the greatest pedicle width was at C-6. Pedicle width and lateral mass thickness gradually increased from C-3 to C-6. Pedicle height and interpedicular distance increased from C-3 to C-5, and decreased slightly at C-6. The lateral mass-pedicle length was greatest at C-4. The present study found right-left differences for the pedicle-spinous process distance at C-6 (p < 0.05). Pedicle width and height were smaller than those reported in earlier studies, especially at C-3 and C-4, whereas the increasing pedicle widths at C-5 and C-6 were appropriate for pedicle screw fixation

C7 vertebra anatomy as a guide for transpedicular screw fixation [Transpediküler vida fiksasyonu için C7 vertebra'nin anatomisi]

Transpedicular screw fixation is a complicated surgical procedure that has reached substantial popularity in the treatment of spinal instabilities. This procedure is particularly valuable for simultaneous posterior decompression and reconstruction in the cervical spine. This anatomic study was undertaken to provide a set of anatomical data to aid the technique on a large series of human bony C7 cervical vertebrae from 49 individuals. The mean pedicle length was measured as 5.84±0.95 mm, pedicle width as 6.07±1.1 mm, and pedicle height as 6.82±1.01 mm. The distance from the posterior point of the lateral mass to the anterior margin of the vertebral body through the pedicle axis (pedicle axis length) was 30.37±2.41 mm, and the interpedicular distance was 21.62~1.33 mm mm. The lateral mass thickness was measured as 21.99~1.35 mm. Successful placement of the pedicle screw requires a thorough knowledge of cervical spine transpedicle morphometry. The approximate values from the morphometric studies such as our study can be a guide in choosing the appropriate screw dimensions and to avoid the damage to important neighbouring neurovascular structures

Relationship between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase-reactive neurons and blood vessels in basal ganglia

WOS: 000082436000014PubMed ID: 10501457The relationship between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase-positive neurons and blood vessels was investigated within the rat basal ganglia. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase-positive cell bodies, dendrites or axon-like processes surrounding many but not all blood vessels were observed in the caudate-putamen, ventral pallidum, medial part of the globus pallidus, substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus. It is concluded that this close relationship contributes to the local vasodilator effect of nitric oxide in the regulation of blood flow in cerebral blood vessels. (C) 1999 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd

Relationship between NADPH-diaphorase-reactive neurons and blood vessel in basal ganglia

WOS: 00007474940175

The Spinal Cord

Many hundreds of thousands suffer spinal cord injuries leading to loss of sensation and motor function in the body below the point of injury. Spinal cord research has made some significant strides towards new treatment methods, and is a focus of many laboratories worldwide. In addition, research on the involvement of the spinal cord in pain and the abilities of nervous tissue in the spine to regenerate has increasingly been on the forefront of biomedical research in the past years. The Spinal Cord, a collaboration with the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation, is the first comprehensive book on the anatomy of the mammalian spinal cord. Tens of thousands of articles and dozens of books are published on this subject each year, and a great deal of experimental work has been carried out on the rat spinal cord. Despite this, there is no comprehensive and authoritative atlas of the mammalian spinal cord. Almost all of the fine details of spinal cord anatomy must be searched for in journal articles on particular subjects. This book addresses this need by providing both a comprehensive reference on the mammalian spinal cord and a comparative atlas of both rat and mouse spinal cords in one convenient source. The book provides a descriptive survey of the details of mammalian spinal cord anatomy, focusing on the rat with many illustrations from the leading experts in the field and atlases of the rat and the mouse spinal cord. The rat and mouse spinal cord atlas chapters include photographs of Nissl stained transverse sections from each of the spinal cord segments (obtained from a single unfixed spinal cord), detailed diagrams of each of the spinal cord segments pictured, delineating the laminae of Rexed and all other significant neuronal groupings at each level and photographs of additional sections displaying markers such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), calbindin, calretinin, choline acetlytransferase, neurofilament protein (SMI 32), enkephalin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN). © 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved