GIS Integration into Geography Curriculum in Türkiye: A Case Study Evaluation

The integration of technology into education is a complex process with many dimensions, and there are many steps that need to be taken for this integration to be successful. One of the most important of these is the integration of information and communication technologies into the curriculum. The aim of this study is to shed light on the updates that can be made in the curriculum by examining the geography curriculum implemented in Türkiye and last revised in 2018 in terms of GIS integration, which is the first technology that comes to mind when the words geography and technology come side by side, and to present the steps of creating a GIS application for this learning outcome by restructuring a learning outcome within the scope of a case study. In the light of the findings obtained in this study, which was designed with the case study method, one of the qualitative research designs, it was concluded that GIS is included in only a few chapters in the geography curriculum, and there is only one learning outcome for which the use of GIS technology is recommended. According to this result, the restructured version of the learning outcome 10.4.1, which is the only learning outcome that is foreseen to be given GIS support in the geography curriculum, according to the understanding of learning with technology and a sample GIS application, is presented

O EFEITO DO TREINO DE IMAGINAÇÃO MOTORA NO SUCESSO DO SERVIÇO DE TÊNIS

In this study, it was aimed to reveal the effect of motor imagination training on the hit of the service in the tennis game. 32 male tennis players between the ages of 18-25 participated in the study in the field of tennis in Kayseri. After the first measurements of age, height, body weight and Dewitt-Dugan service and ITN Service test of the athletes, control (n=16) and experimental (n=16) groups were separated by random method. While 8-week technical training was applied to both groups, technical and imagination trainings were applied to the experimental group. At the end of eight weeks, the final test values were taken. The obtained data were analyzed in the IBM-SPSS 25 for Windows package program. In the analysis, the data showed normal distribution. Descriptive statistics were shown with arithmetic mean and standard deviation. As a statistical comparison test, analysis of variance was applied in repeated measurements to see the main effects and the changes in the data with significant interaction over time. In order to reveal the change of the groups over time in the variables whose group time interaction was significant, the Bonfferroni test was applied and the group and time changes were compared. The significance level was taken as p <0.05. In the comparisons between the experimental and control groups; According to the results of analysis of variance in repeated measurements of Dewitt-Dugan service test, no statistically significant difference was found in group main effect, time main effect and group time interaction (p>0.05). According to the results of analysis of variance in repeated measurements in ITN service test measurements, no statistical difference was found in the group main effect (F=0.208, p=0.655, η2=0.015), while the time main effect (F=26.034, p<0.001, η2=0.465) and group time interaction A significant difference was found (F=12.305, p=0.001, η2=0.291). As a result, it can be said that 8-week motor imagination training is effective in more complex motor skills such as the ITN s test, while there is no difference in the tests that do not include complex skills such as Dewitt-Dugan.En este estudio, se pretendía revelar el efecto del entrenamiento de la imaginación motriz en el golpeo del saque en el juego de tenis. Veinticinco tenistas varones de entre 32 y 18 años participaron en el estudio realizado en un centro de tenis de Kayseri. Tras las mediciones iniciales de edad, altura, peso corporal, test de saque Dewitt-Dugan y test de saque ITN, se dividieron aleatoriamente los grupos de control (n=16) y experimental (n=16). Ambos grupos recibieron formación técnica durante 8 semanas, mientras que el grupo experimental recibió formación técnica y de imaginación. Al final de las ocho semanas, se tomaron los valores postest. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron en el programa IBM-SPSS 25 para Windows. En el análisis, los datos mostraron una distribución normal. Los estadísticos descriptivos se mostraron mediante la media aritmética y la desviación estándar. Como prueba estadística de comparación, se aplicó el análisis de varianza de medidas repetidas para ver los efectos principales y los cambios en los datos con interacción significativa a lo largo del tiempo. Para las variables con interacción significativa grupo-tiempo, se aplicó la prueba de Bonfferroni para revelar los cambios de los grupos a lo largo del tiempo y se compararon los cambios de grupo y tiempo. El nivel de significación se tomó como p < 0,05. En las comparaciones entre los grupos experimental y de control, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el efecto principal del grupo, el efecto principal del tiempo y la interacción grupo-tiempo según los resultados del análisis de varianza en medidas repetidas de la prueba de servicio de Dewitt-Dugan (p>0,05). Según los resultados del análisis de varianza en medidas repetidas de la prueba de servicio de ITN, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el efecto principal de grupo (F=0,208, p=0,655, η2=0,015), el efecto principal de tiempo (F=26,034, p<0,001, η2=0,465) y la interacción grupo-tiempo (F=12,305, p=0,001, η2=0,291). Como resultado, puede decirse que el entrenamiento de la imaginación motriz de 8 semanas es eficaz en las habilidades motoras más complejas, como la prueba ITN, mientras que no hay diferencias en las pruebas que no incluyen habilidades complejas, como la prueba Dewitt-Dugan.Neste estudo, objetivou-se revelar o efeito do treino da imaginação motora no golpe do saque no jogo de tênis. 32 tenistas do sexo masculino com idades entre 18 e 25 anos participaram do estudo no campo de tênis em Kayseri. Após as primeiras medições de idade, estatura, peso corporal e teste Dewitt-Dugan e ITN Service dos atletas, os grupos controle (n=16) e experimental (n=16) foram separados por método aleatório. Enquanto o treinamento técnico de 8 semanas foi aplicado a ambos os grupos, treinamentos técnicos e de imaginação foram aplicados ao grupo experimental. Ao final de oito semanas, os valores finais do teste foram obtidos. Os dados obtidos foram analisados no programa IBM-SPSS 25 for Windows. Na análise, os dados apresentaram distribuição normal. A estatística descritiva foi apresentada com média aritmética e desvio padrão. Como teste de comparação estatística, a análise de variância foi aplicada em medições repetidas para ver os principais efeitos e as mudanças nos dados com interação significativa ao longo do tempo. Para revelar a mudança dos grupos ao longo do tempo nas variáveis cuja interação do tempo do grupo foi significativa, foi aplicado o teste de Bonfferroni e foram comparadas as mudanças do grupo e do tempo. O nível de significância foi considerado como p < 0,05. Nas comparações entre os grupos experimental e controle; De acordo com os resultados da análise de variância em medidas repetidas do teste de serviço de Dewitt-Dugan, não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa no efeito principal do grupo, efeito principal do tempo e interação do tempo do grupo (p>0,05). De acordo com os resultados da análise de variância em medições repetidas em medições de teste de serviço ITN, nenhuma diferença estatística foi encontrada no efeito principal do grupo (F=0,208, p=0,655, η2=0,015), enquanto o efeito principal do tempo (F=26,034 , p<0,001, η2=0,465) e interação de tempo de grupo Uma diferença significativa foi encontrada (F=12,305, p=0,001, η2=0,291). Como resultado, pode-se dizer que o treinamento de imaginação motora de 8 semanas é eficaz em habilidades motoras mais complexas, como o teste ITN, enquanto não há diferença nos testes que não incluem habilidades complexas, como Dewitt-Dugan

Mikroalgal ve anaerobik mikrobiyel kültürlerin kullanımı ile entegre besiyer madde giderimi, sera gazı mitigasyonu ve biyo-yakıt ve biyo-ürün eldesi

TÜBİTAK ÇAYDAG15.08.2015Mikro algal kültürlerin kullanımı ile önemli bir sera gazı olan CO2’in mitigasyonu çok yeni bir araştırma alanıdır. Mikro algal kültürler ile besiyer madde giderimi ve atık mikro algal biyokütleden biyogaz, hidrojen ve gübre eldesi çeşitli araştırmalara tek başına ya da birlikte konu olmuş uygulamalardır. Ancak, bu projenin konusunu oluşturan mikro algal ve anaerobik mikrobiyel kültürlerin entegre besiyer madde giderimi, sera gazı mitigasyonu ve biyo-yakıt ve biyo-ürün eldesi için birlikte kullanıldığı entegre bir biyoproses konfigürasyonun geliştirilmesi özgün bir yaklaşımdır. Bu inovatif konfigürasyon sadece atık su arıtımı ve CO2 mitigasyonu gibi önemli atık yönetimi sorunlarına bir katkıda bulunmakla kalmayacak, biyoyakıt (biyogaz ve biyohidrojen) ve biyoürün (gübre) eldesi de sağlayabilecektir. Bu projenin en önemli çıktısı hem evsel hem de endüstriyel atık suların atık CO2 kaynakları (örneğin endüstriyel baca gazları) ile birlikte arıtılabilmesini sağlayan özgün bir biyoteknolojik proses konfigürasyonunun geliştirilmesi olacaktır. Bu sürece paralel olarak sağlanacak olan biyoyakıt ve biyoürün eldesi, sadece atık valorizasyonuna değil, sürdürülebilir atık yönetimine de önemli bir örnek oluşturabilecektir. Atık sulardan azot ve fosforun %90-100 arasında değişen verimle giderimi, fotobiyoreaktörlerde sağlanan 0,16-0,26 g/L.gün CO2 tutma hızı, mikro algal biyokütleden elde edilen metan verimi (249 mL CH4/g TUKM), hidrojen verimi (2,47 mL H2/g TUKM) ve detayları bu raporda sunulan projemizin diğer sonuçları hipotezimizi destekler bir ilk adım niteliğindedir. Diğer bir deyişle, mikro algal ve anaerobik mikrobiyel kültürlerin entegre besiyer madde giderimi, sera gazı mitigasyonu ve biyo-yakıt ve biyo-ürün eldesinde birlikte kullanımı olasıdır. Bu üç farklı amaca aynı anda hizmet edecek olan bir inovatif biyoproses konfigürasyonunun optimizasyonu çalışmalarımızın bundan sonraki aşamasını oluşturacaktır.The mitigation of CO2 which is an important greenhouse gas by using microalgal cultures is a very new research area. Nutrient removal by microalgal cultures and anaerobic digestion of waste microalgal biomass and subsequent biogas, biohydrogen and fertilizer production were relatively investigated in the past. However, the research on these areas concentrated on only one or two of these tasks. Therefore, the integrated bioprocess configuration which is investigated in this project to provide integrated nutrient removal, greenhouse gas mitigation and bio-fuel and fertilizer production by using both microalgal and anaerobic microbial cultures is an innovative approach. This innovative configuration will not only contribute to nutrient removal from wastewaters and CO2 mitigation but also generate bio- fuels (biogas, biohydrogen) and bio-products (fertilizer). The impact of this project will be a cost-efficient biotechnological process configuration for the treatment of both domestic and industrial wastewaters as well as waste CO2 sources such as flue gas. Moreover, the parallel bio-fuel and bio-product generation will be a good example of waste valorization and sustainable waste management approach. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewaters with 90-100% efficiency, achievement of significant CO2 mitigation rates (0,16-0,26 g/L.day) in photobioreactors, methane production from microalgal biomass with a yield of 249 mL CH4/g VS, dark fermentative hydrogen production with a yield of 2.47 mL H2/g VS and other results of our project which are presented in this report not only support our initial hyphothesis but also constitute the first step toward its realization. In other words, an integrated approach enabling nutrient removal, greenhouse gas mitigation and bio-fuel and fertilizer production by using microalgal and anaerobic cultures is possible. Optimization of an inovative bioprocess configuration which will serve for all these three objectives will be the next phase of our research

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Geograpy teaching in Turkey: Curriculum, teacher education and text books

Araştırmanın amacı, 1923-2008 yılları arasında Türkiye'de Coğrafya Eğitiminde, öğretim programı, öğretmen eğitimi ve ders kitapları konularında uygulanan politika ve uygulamaları belirlemek, bu politika ve uygulamaların nicel ve nitel yönden yeterliliğini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın birinci bölümünde; problem durumu, amacı, önemi, varsayımları, sınırlılıkları ve araştırmada verilen çeşitli kavramların tanımları üzerinde durulmuştur. İkinci bölümde ortaöğretim coğrafya öğretim programı geliştirme çalışmalarına, öğretim programı değişikliklerine bağlı olarak yazılan ve geliştirilen coğrafya ders kitapları ile öğretim materyallerine, coğrafya öğretmenlerinin hizmet öncesi ve hizmet içi eğitimlerle kapasitelerini geliştirme bileşenlerine değinilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde araştırmanın modeli, veri toplama araçları, verilerin toplanması ve verilerin analizi ile ilgili bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesi sonucu ortaya çıkan bulgular ve bunların yorumları sunulmuştur. Beşinci bölümde ise analizlerle ulaşılan sonuçlara ve önerilere yer verilmiştir. Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin kuruluşundan 2008 yılına kadar geçen süreçte coğrafya bilimine ilişkin olarak öğretim programı, öğretmen eğitimi ve ders kitapları boyutunda ulaşılabilen kaynaklardaki çalışmalar dokümantasyon analizi yöntemine göre taranmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular ve yorumlara bağlı olarak ulaşılan sonuçların çözümüne yönelik olarak öneriler geliştirilmiştir.The purpose of this study is to determine politics and applications on the subjects of curriculum, teacher education and text books in geography teaching in Turkey between 1923-2008 years and so, to demonstrate the adequancy of these politics and applications quantitively and qualitatively. At the first part of the research, question of its problem, purpose, importance, hypothesis, limitations and various concepts given in the context has been studied. The second part covers studies on curriculum development concerning secondary geography education, geography text books and teaching materials developed in accordance with the changes in geography curriculum and themes on capacity development of geograpy teachers with in-service and pre- service trainings. In third part research model, instruments of data collection, collecting data and analysis of data has taken place. Findings taken from the results of evaluation of data and their comments have been presented at the fourth part. The last part of the research consists of results of data analysis and recommedations. From the establishment of Turkish republic to the year of 2008 the studies on avaliable resources on curricula, teacher training and text books concerning geograhy science has been scanned according to method of documentary analysis. Connecting to findings and comments, for the solutions of problems some recommendations has been presented