Simulation of Flapping-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle using X-plane and Matlab/Simulink

This paper presents the simulation of flapping-wing unmanned aerial vehicle model using X-plane and Matlab/ Simulink. The flapping-wing ornithopter model (i.e. an aircraft that flies by flapping its wings) has been developed in plane maker software and executed in the X-plane environment. The key idea of flapping-wing mechanism in X-plane software is by varying its dihedral angle sinusoidally. This sinusoidally varying dihedral angle of wing creates upward and downward stroke moments inturn this creates a lift and a forward thrust for flying the flapping-wing model. Here pitch, roll, yaw and throttle (flapping rate) is fed as reference input through the user datagram protocol (UDP) port. The difference between the reference inputs, the simulated outputs are again fed back to simulator through UDP port and the gains are observed for the responses of flapping-wing unmanned aerial vehicle in Matlab/Simulink environment. Here various gains are used to monitor the optimized flying of flapping-wing model.Defence Science Journal, Vol. 64, No. 4, July 2014, pp.327-331, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.64.493

Chrysin‐Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Potentiates Antibiofilm Activity against \u3cem\u3eStaphylococcus aureus\u3c/em\u3e

The application of nanotechnology in medicine is gaining popularity due to its ability to increase the bioavailability and biosorption of numerous drugs. Chrysin, a flavone constituent of Orocylumineicum vent is well‐reported for its biological properties. However, its therapeutic potential has not been fully exploited due to its poor solubility and bioavailability. In the present study, chrysin was encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles using TPP as a linker. The nanoparticles were characterized and investigated for their anti‐biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus. At sub‐Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, the nanoparticles exhibited enhanced anti‐biofilm efficacy against S. aureus as compared to its bulk counterparts, chrysin and chitosan. The decrease in the cell surface hydrophobicity and exopolysaccharide production indicated the inhibitory effect of the nanoparticles on the initial stages of biofilm development. The growth curve analysis revealed that at a sub‐MIC, the nanoparticles did not exert a bactericidal effect against S. aureus. The findings indicated the anti‐biofilm activity of the chrysin‐loaded chitosan nanoparticles and their potential application in combating infections associated with S. aureus

Photodegradation of organic pollutants RhB dye using UV simulated sunlight on ceria based TiO2 nanomaterials for antibacterial applications

To photo-catalytically degrade RhB dye using solar irradiation, CeO2 doped TiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized hydrothermally at 700 °C for 9 hrs. All emission spectra showed a prominent band centered at 442 nm that was attributed to oxygen related defects in the CeO2-TiO2 nanocrystals. Two sharp absorption bands at 1418 cm−1 and 3323 cm−1 were attributed to the deformation and stretching vibration, and bending vibration of the OH group of water physisorbed to TiO2, respectively. The photocatalytic activities of Ce-TiO2 nanocrystals were investigated through the degradation of RhB under UV and UV+ visible light over a period of 8 hrs. After 8 hrs, the most intense absorption peak at 579 nm disappeared under the highest photocatalytic activity and 99.89% of RhB degraded under solar irradiation. Visible light-activated TiO2 could be prepared from metal-ion incorporation, reduction of TiO2, non-metal doping or sensitizing of TiO2 using dyes. Studying the antibacterial activity of Ce-TiO2 nanocrystals against E. coli revealed significant activity when 10 μg was used, suggesting that it can be used as an antibacterial agent. Its effectiveness is likely related to its strong oxidation activity and superhydrophilicity. This study also discusses the mechanism of heterogeneous photocatalysis in the presence of TiO2

Synthesis, characterization and ab initio study of WO3 nanocubes with peculiar electrochemical properties

Simple sol–gel method has been exploited to deposit Sn-doped TiO2 thin flms on glass substrates. The resultant coatings were characterized by X-ray difraction (XRD), UV–visible techniques (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and photoluminescence analysis (PL). The XRD pattern reveals an increase in crystallite size of the prepared samples with the increasing doping concentration. A decrease in doping concentrating resulted in the decrease in bandgap values. The diferent chemical bonds on these flms were identifed from their FTIR spectra. The photoluminescence analysis shows an increase in the emission peak intensity with increasing dopant concentration, and this can be attributed to the efect created due to surface states. The prepared samples were tested as antibacterial agent toward both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria like S.aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) and E.coli (Escherichia coli), respectively. The size of the inhibition zones indicates that the sample shows maximum inhibitory property toward E.coli when compared to S.aureus

Remarkable thermal conductivity enhancement in Ag—decorated graphene nanocomposites based nanofluid by laser liquid solid interaction in ethylene glycol

We report on the synthesis and enhanced thermal conductivity of stable Ag-decorated 2-D graphene nanocomposite in ethylene glycol based nanofluid by laser liquid solid interaction. A surfactant free nanofluid of Ag nanoparticles anchored onto the 2-D graphene sheets were synthesized using a two-step laser liquid solid interaction approach. In order to understand a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at the fundamental frequency (λ = 1,064 nm) to ablate Ag and graphite composite target submerged in ethylene glycol (EG) to form AgNPs decorated 2-D GNs-EG based nanofluid. From a heat transfer point of view, it was observed that the thermal conductivity of this stable Ag-graphene/EG is significantly enhanced by a factor of about 32.3%; this is highest reported value for a graphene based nanofluid

Chromium Oxide Formation on Nanosecond and Femtosecond Laser Irradiated Thin Chromium Films

Thin coatings of Chromium oxide have been used for applications as absorbing material in solar cells, as protections for magnetic data recording devices and as shields in flexible solar cells. Thin coatings of pure chromium were vacuum deposited on a glass substrate using hot electrons from tungsten filament. These coatings were then treated with a nanosecond and femtosecond laser in ambient conditions. The microstructure, morphology and the color of the coatings treated with laser sources were modified and there was a formation of an oxide layer due to the heat dissipation on the chromium coating from the energetic photons. High-resolution scanning electron microscope studies showed the morphological evolution that are directly correlated with the laser fluence of both the nanosecond and femtosecond lasers. This morphological evolution was accompanied by the microstructural change as observed from the x-ray diffraction patterns, the chromaticity response of the coating was studied by UV-Vis spectrometer and the response of the coating in the visible region evolved with the laser fluences. The Rutherford backscattering depth profiling of the laser treated coatings revealed the diffusion of oxygen atoms in the coating as a result of laser treatment fluence

A review on monitoring of organic pollutants in wastewater using electrochemical approach

This review focuses on monitoring selected organic contaminants utilising an electrochemistry technique due to intrinsic benefits such as simplicity, portability, cost, and improved sensitivity. Because the presence of organic pollutants in water causes a variety of health issues such as tumour, headaches, tiredness, and developmental abnormalities, it is critical to explore an effective approach to quantifying these contaminants in various matrices. Although remarkable results have been documented in the use of conventional techniques in the quantification of organic pollutants, owing to high costs, longer pre-concentration steps and analysis times, high power consumption, and the need for sophisticated skilled personnel, their applications for monitoring organic pollutants on-site have been hampered. The electrochemistry approach has emerged to address the difficulties that have hindered the use of traditional approaches for quantifying organic contaminants in water. Thus, the purpose of this review is to examine the concept of employing electrochemistry techniques to determine organic contaminants in various matrixes, and various recommendations for future research have been highlighted

Superficial preparation of biocompatible carbon quantum dots for antimicrobial applications

UGC-NFHE; GC-RGNF; New Delhi, India; Government of India

Synthesis and characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide composite materials for medical implant coating applications

In this present work, nano-hydroxyapatite/Graphene Oxide were synthesized, and the composite were prepared in different ratios. The structural and morphological changes of synthesized nano hydroxyapatite, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide was investigated. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) was used to investigate the chemical structural composition of the synthesized nano hydroxyapatite and its composite, which confirms that presence of presence of reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide in the prepared composite. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis was employed to examine the surface morphology of the composite materials which confirms the presence graphene flakes and nanosized hydroxyapatite on the surface