Category learning in a dynamic world

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THE ROLE OF GROWTH AND ENDOTHELIAL FACTORS IN HEMOSTATIC DISORDER IN CHILDREN WITH THE SYNDROM DELAYED FETAL

Violation of the natural defense mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and an imbalance can occur many neurohumoral factors. The imbalance of angiogenic and antiangiogenic growth factors, endothelial, platelet factor closely related to disorders of hemostasis, promotes the development of generalized endothelial dysfunction and is the basis of placental insufficiency, and is central to fetal growth and neonatal characteristics of the child’s development. The mechanisms regulating these processes in normal and pathological conditions play an important role of thromboxane and prostacyclin, which are derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Which indicates the feasibility of studying the role of vascular endothelial growth factor and hemostasis disorders in children with fetal growth retardation syndrome

WOMEN BLOOD COAGULATIVE SYSTEM INDICES IN PHYSIOLOGICAL PREGNANCY IN DEPENDENCE ON FETUS’ SEX

Purpose: To study the features of the blood coagulation system of women at various stages of normal pregnancy, depending on the sex of the fetus.Material and Methods: Retrospective evaluation of blood coagulation in 259 women with physiological pregnancy in I, II and III trimester with no abnormalities of the blood was conducted. Of these, 116 women had female fetuses (I group), 143 - male fetuses (II group).Methods: The clinical, clinical laboratory, biochemical. Results: We found that with increasing gestational age the increased activity of coagulative hemostasis was noted in both clinical groups, but the rate of these changes was higher and reached a maximum in II trimester in women with a male fetus, whereas in women with female fetus pace of these changes was less pronounced.Summary: These results indicate the existence of differences in the «functional behavior» of individual components of the system of hemostasis in various stages of physiological pregnancy. In women with male fetuses we revealed higher coagulation readiness in physiological pregnancy, indicating the tension of coagulation system in this variant of sexual dimorphism

PECULIARITIES OF SEASON BIORHYTHMS IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM MOTHER-PLACENTA-FETUS IN DEPENDENCE ON ITS STEREOFUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION IN PHYSIOLOGICAL AND COMPLICATED PREGNANCY

Purpose: studying seasonal periodicity of stereoisomerism of uteroplacental complex, the dynamics of body weight of infants, studying the chronostructure of mezorhythms of contractive activity of right and left parts of the uterus.Material and Methods: We analyzed 2215 pregnancy stories and birth stories retrospectively. We analyzed the pregnancy flow and childbirth peculiarities, weight and growth rates of newborns. the results of mechanohysterographic of the uterus contractive activity, ultrasound investigation was also taken into account.Results: Duration of seasonal biorhythms Increase in the number of women with uterine activity, both its localized homogeneous forms, and bilateral generalized contractions (typical for preterm labor), occurred every 7 months. . The increase in the number of large children was observed in autumn and winter, in summer more children were born with low birth weight.Summary: Environmental factors, varying in different seasons of the year, affect functional processes in the various parts of a functional system «mother-placenta-fetus» through the epiphyseal-hypothalamic and central-peripheral relationships, promoting the initiation of uterine activity, accelerating or decelerating the process of maturation of the fetus, and can also influence the periods of preparedness the body for labor and birth character themselves

Reverse production effect: Children recognize novel words better when they are heard rather than produced

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Tania S. Zamuner, Stephanie Strahm, Elizabeth Morin-Lessard, and Michael P. A. Page, 'Reverse production effect: children recognize novel words better when they are heard rather than produced', Developmental Science, which has been published in final form at DOI 10.1111/desc.12636. Under embargo until 15 November 2018. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.This research investigates the effect of production on 4.5- to 6-year-old children’s recognition of newly learned words. In Experiment 1, children were taught four novel words in a produced or heard training condition during a brief training phase. In Experiment 2, children were taught eight novel words, and this time training condition was in a blocked design. Immediately after training, children were tested on their recognition of the trained novel words using a preferential looking paradigm. In both experiments, children recognized novel words that were produced and heard during training, but demonstrated better recognition for items that were heard. These findings are opposite to previous results reported in the literature with adults and children. Our results show that benefits of speech production for word learning are dependent on factors such as task complexity and the developmental stage of the learner.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO TRAINING AND PROFESSIONAL RETRAINING OF PERSONNEL ON THE BASE OF SIMULATION CENTRE

One of priority tasks of modern health care is to provide people with high-technology help. The problem of practical training of the staff to work with high-technology equipment is very important. Modern requirements for practical training of a physician dictate revision of training ideology. Global tendencies towards perfection of training technologies place emphasis on wide introduction of virtual simulators and manikins. Traditional system of practical training in the sphere of health care has some shortcomings. Acquisition of practical skills is realized on patients with the risk to their health. The way, which has been used for many years by our western colleagues – development of simulation centres, inevitably opens in front of our health care

Seasonal periodicity of melatonin exchange and hormonal status of pregnant women in dependence on fetus sex

Objective: to study melatonin metabolism and hormonal status of pregnant women in different seasons of the year, depending on the sex of the fetus. Materials and methods: 538 women were examined at the time of physiological gestation of 37-40 weeks. The first group — 286 pregnant women with female fetuses and the second group — 254 pregnant with male fetuses. Estimation of the hormonal status included the determination of the level of cortisol, estradiol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, progesterone, testosterone in the blood and melatonin in the urine of pregnant women. Results: the level of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin in the morning urine, regardless of the sex of the fetus, was higher in the seasons of the year with the predominance of the dark time of the day. Absolute levels of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin in urine in all women in 37-40 weeks of gestation were the lowest in the light-saturated summer and spring months of the year, while in the winter period its parameters were maximal. Melatonin production was statistically significantly higher in pregnant women with female fetuses during the fall and winter periods of the year. Regardless of the time of the year, in pregnant women with female fetuses, the absolute levels of estradiol and progesterone were higher than in the case of the male fetus. The highest values in the case of the female fetus were noted in the spring. Testosterone production was significantly higher in pregnant women with male fetuses mainly in the spring season. Stress resistance of pregnant women was higher in the summer months. Depending on the “sex of the fetus” factor, stress hormones in the summer had the highest values in pregnant women with male fetuses. Conclusions: the sex of the fetus is a significant factor affecting the seasonal variability of melatonin production, sexual and stress hormones in pregnant women due to the formation of the specificity of the systemic signaling between the maternal and the fetal organism in the dynamics of pregnancy

Examining the LLAMA aptitude tests

This study assesses the reliability1 of the LLAMA aptitude tests (Meara, 2005). The LLAMA tests were designed as shorter, free, language-neutral tests loosely based on the MLAT tests (Carroll & Sapon, 1959). They contain four sub-components: vocabulary acquisition, sound recognition, sound-symbol correspondence and grammatical inferencing. Granena (2013) and Rogers et al. (2016) provided initial results regarding factors which might influence LLAMA test scores. This paper develops this previous work by examining some of issues raised with a larger cohort and focuses on the following research questions. 1. Are the LLAMA tests language neutral?2. What is the effect of bilingualism on LLAMA test scores?3. What is the effect of age on LLAMA test scores?4. How much variance can background factors account for in the LLAMA test results? Data were collected from 240 participants aged 10–75 for RQ1–3. We found no significant differences in terms of language background (RQ1) but instructed second language learners significantly outperformed monolinguals (RQ2). For RQ3 we found that the younger groups were outperformed by all the other groups. For RQ4, we investigated how much variance in LLAMA test results six individual background factors could explain. We combined data from Rogers et al. (2016) and this study giving 404 participants in total. Using a multiple regression analysis, we found that prior L2 instruction predicted more of the variance (6%) than any other factor. We suggest that when using the LLAMA tests, researchers should consider controlling for language learning experience. This study scrutinises the components of the LLAMA tests with a large set of data. We conclude that the results are robust across a range of individual differences but suggest that different norms may be needed for younger age groups and those who have received prior L2 instruction

The fetus gender value in the structure of obstetric pathology in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Objective: To study the obstetric pathology and delivery outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes depending on the sex of the fetus.Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 2014 histories of pregnancy and childbirth of women with gestational diabetes (GD) over the period of 2018-2021, was carried out. Two groups were formed based on the sex of the fetus: Group 1 (1012 pregnant women) with male fetuses and Group 2 (1002 pregnant women) with female fetuses. For statistical analysis, the proportions (%) were compared using the Pearson’s χ2 (chi-square) test.Results: It was proved that the male sex of the fetus is a risk factor for the GD and concomitant obstetric complications (placental insufficiency, risk of preterm birth, fetal macrosomia). The prevalence of hypotonic bleeding, defects of the placenta, and placenta increta, and related cases of manual control of the uterine cavity and uterus extirpation in mothers of boys with GD was established. Also, in patients of this group, birth injuries consisting in a rupture of the posterior labial commissure were significantly more often registered as a result of childbirth with a large fetus, while cases of cervical rupture prevailed in women with female fetuses.Conclusions: The revealed dependence of the nature of obstetric complications and the course of labor on the sex of the fetus in pregnant women with GD warrant developing a monitoring system that takes into account the gender of the fetus

Spoken word recognition of novel words, either produced or only heard during learning

This document is the Accepted Manuscript Version of the following article: Tania S. Zamuner, Elizabeth Morin-Lessard, Stephanie Strahm, and Michael P. A. Page, 'Soke word recognition of novel words, either produced or only heard during learning', Journal of Memory and Language, Vol. 89, August 2016, pp. 55-67, doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2015.10.003. Under embargo. Embargo end date: 1 December 2017. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Psycholinguistic models of spoken word production differ in how they conceptualize the relationship between lexical, phonological and output representations, making different predictions for the role of production in language acquisition and language processing. This work examines the impact of production on spoken word recognition of newly learned non-words. In Experiment 1, adults were trained on non-words with visual referents; during training, they produced half of the non-words, with the other half being heard-only. Using a visual world paradigm at test, eye tracking results indicated faster recognition of non-words that were produced compared with heard-only during training. In Experiment 2, non-words were correctly pronounced or mispronounced at test. Participants showed a different pattern of recognition for mispronunciation on non-words that were produced compared with heard-only during training. Together these results indicate that production affects the representations of newly learned words.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio