Mangrove Forest Restoration by Fisheries Communities in Lampung Bay: A study based on perceptions, willingness to pay, and management strategy

Mangroves provide benefits and various services to local communities living along coastal areas, particularly fishery communities. Fishery community perceptions are significant in determining attitudes towards improving mangrove conditions, which can also be addressed through restoration activities. This research was conducted to analyze fisheries communities perceptions, willingness to pay (WTP) for mangroves restoration, and mangrove forest management strategies. Field surveys were conducted from July-August 2019 and February-March 2020. Primary data were collected from respondents in four regions (Kalianda Regency, South Lampung Regency, Bandar Lampung City, and Pesawaran Regency) in Lampung Province, Indonesia, which consist of fishers, shrimp farmers, crab and wood seekers, and finfish farmers. The respondents were 193 people, and four experts were involved in the policy scenario analysis. Results revealed a gap in the value of WTP among fishery community groups, in which the average value for fishers is lower than shrimp farmers. The years of formal education significantly influenced the WTP for mangrove restoration. Based on the scenario analysis, scenario 01 become a priority strategy, where four policies (P1 = Mangrove ecotourism development in Lampung Bay; P2 = Mangrove knowledge education and training on processing mangrove based products; P3 = Restoration and conservation of mangrove forests; and P4 = Community-based management for mangrove forests utilization) show high likelihoods to be simultaneously implemented for mangroves management, with mangrove ecotourism policy as the most decisive policy. For future research, other explanatory variables can be added, such as information on family member characteristics, and to develop a bottom-up policy scenario by identifying and involving the role of the local community

Niels Bohr's Complementarity : Its Structure, History, and Intersections with Hermeneutics and Deconstruction

Radder, J.A. [Promotor]Roothaan, A.C.M. [Copromotor

Hiromatsu on Mach’s Philosophy and Relativity Theory

In his project of going beyond the “modern worldview,” Hiromatsu Wataru attached great importance to Ernst Mach’s philosophical thought and Einstein’s theory of relativity as challenging the premises of modern philosophy, which he characterized as substantialist and bound by the subject / object schema. This paper surveys Hiromatsu’s analysis of Mach’s phenomenalist element-monism, specifically his critique of Mach’s insufficient break with modern philosophy; his inquiry into Einstein’s relativity theory with a focus on its intersubjective cognitive structure; and the way he extends his views on these themes to a general ontological-epistemological theory of the “fourfold structure.” Finally, it examines questions about Hiromatsu’s arguments regarding the tension between the dimensions of synchronic structure and structuring movement. An earlier version of this paper can be found as “Philosophers” in John T. Blackmore, Itagaki Ryōichi, and Tanaka Setsuko, eds., Ernst Mach’s Influence Spreads, 425–76

Reading Hiromatsu’s Theory of the Fourfold Structure

Hiromatsu Wataru’s philosophical thought revolves around an analysis of what he calls the “fourfold structure.” According to Hiromatsu, all phenomena in the world are structured in such a fourfold manner that “a given presents itself as something to someone as Someone,” and these four moments of the phenomenon are not independent elements, but exist only as terms of the functional relationship. This paper surveys and critically examines this theory of the fourfold structure, and shows, in particular, how this theory, while largely presented as synchronic structural analysis, contains some conceptual motifs going beyond the synchronic framework. Specifically, with a focus on the process in which there arises a meaning common to different phenomenal givens and to different knowers, my analysis suggests the way in which phenomena are dynamically structured and thereby displaced in meaning as well as in the knowers’ role relationship

Randomised comparison of uterine artery embolisation (UAE) with surgical treatment in patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids (REST trial): 5-year results

Objective: To compare the long-term results of uterine artery embolisation (UAE) with surgery for women with symptomatic uterine fibroids. Design Pragmatic, open, multicentre, randomised trial. Setting Twenty-seven participating UK secondary care centres. Sample: Women aged >= 18 years with symptomatic fibroids who were considered to justify surgical treatment. Methods: In total, 157 women were randomised (in a 2:1 ratio): 106 to UAE and 51 to surgery (hysterectomy 42; myomectomy nine). Main outcome measures Quality of life at 5 years, as assessed by the Short Form General Health Survey (SF-36). Secondary measures included complications, adverse events and the need for further intervention. Results: There were no significant differences between groups in any of the eight components of the SF-36 scores at 5 years (minimum P = 0.45). Symptom score reduction and patient satisfaction with either treatment was very high, with no group difference. Rates of adverse events were similar in both groups (19% embolization and 25% surgery; P = 0.40). The 5-year intervention rate for treatment failure or complications was 32% (UAE arm) and 4% (surgery arm), respectively. The initial cost benefit of UAE over surgery at 12 months was substantially reduced because of subsequent interventions, with treatments being cost neutral at 5 years. Conclusions: We have found that UAE is a satisfactory alternative to surgery for fibroids. The less invasive nature of UAE needs to be balanced against the need for re-intervention in almost a third of patients. The choice should lie with the informed patient

Improved Measurement Characteristics of Elemental Compositions Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Rapid detection of coal and fly ash is significant to improve the efficiency of thermal power plants and reduce environmental pollution. Given its fast response, high sensitivity, real-time, and noncontact features, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has a great potential for on-line measurement in these applications. The direct measurement of particles and gases using LIBS was studied, and the method was shown to be effective for this application

スイトウ ホジョウ ブンルイ ノ タメノ ジケイレツ MODIS NDVI ニ タイスル Wavelet ヘンカン ノ オウヨウ

本報は,MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)センサから取得された画像データより得られる正規化植生指数(NDVI)に対し,Wavelet 変換による時間周波数応答解析を適用し水稲圃場を分類するアルゴリズムを提案する。NDVI の波形から計算される Wavelet パワーは,水稲作期に対応しており,水稲圃場の特徴抽出に利用できる。そこで,Wavelet パワーの値により水稲圃場の特徴を決定した後,NDVIの統計情報とWaveletパワーを組み合わせた線形判別分析を行い,判別関数の値から自動的に土地利用分類を行う手法を提案する。本研究では,ベトナム南部のメコンデルタ地域を解析対象とする。本報では,250 m 解像度の10日間コンポジット画像から作成された,2009年 1月から 2011年 12月までの 3ヶ年の NDVI データを使用し解析を実施した。解析結果から,MODIS センサのような空間的に低解像度の衛星画像データを使用した場合であっても,NDVI の Wavelet パワーと基本統計量の組み合わせによる線形判別分析が,水稲圃場分類において効果的である事が確認できた。さらに,水稲圃場分類に必要な NDVI データの解析開始時期を播種期に一致させて計算することで,最も妥当な分類結果が得られることが判明した。しかし,現地の正確な土地利用データが不在であることから,提案手法の精度検証が今後の課題として残った。An algorithm for the classification of paddy area was proposed by utilizing wavelet transform as time frequency analysis of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data series derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. The calculated wavelet powers of the NDVI wave correspond to the rice cropping calendar, and were used to obtain the characteristics of paddy area. After determining features of the paddy area, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is assessed for land-use classification using statistical values of NDVI data series and calculated wavelet powers. This research was conducted in the Mekong Delta, southern Vietnam. Three years, NDVI data series (January 2009 up to December 2011) of 10-day composite images with 250 m spatial resolution were applied. The result shows that the combination of wavelet powers and statistical values of NDVI data for LDA worked well for the classification, even when low resolution satellite images like MODIS were used. Furthermore, paddy classification can obtain the most appropriate result if the starting point of the calculation is adjusted to the rice planting period. However, verification of accuracy has not yet been done due to lack of the latest land-use data of the study area, and still remains as a future subject

Network Dynamics in the 12 Regional Clusters (Japanese)

It has been observed that the origination of innovation tends to concentrate in areas in which environmental conditions are formed as clusters. It is networks with "small-world" architecture that underpin the high level of creative power for innovation that clusters possess. If it were possible, through policy efforts, to form networks of a highly small-world character that provide an environment that can facilitate a good balance between short-distance interaction and long-distance interaction, that would lead to the enhancement of a region's creative power for innovation. The cluster policy currently being implemented has completed its first phase and has reached a watershed at which it moves into the second phase. In this paper we attempt to formulate a method of objectively grasping and evaluating network architecture from the standpoint of these two types of interaction. Specifically, with regard to the architecture of major networks formed domestically, we use network analysis methods to conduct a comparative analysis of the 12 regions and fields before (in 2000) and after (in 2005) the implementation of cluster policy. As a result of this, we have clarified the following points. (1) Networks are expanding in all regions, (2) the networks that excel in long-distance interaction also excel in short-distance interaction, (3) with a small number of exceptions, the bigger the network is, the more both of these characteristics are enhanced, (4) during this five-year period there have been no major changes with regard to the comparative advantage of each region or field, (5) there is some degree of correlation between the independence of modules and the extent of their small-world character, and (6) disparities between regions are greater than disparities between industry sectors. Through the use of this analytical method it was possible to obtain a quantitative grasp of network architecture in a form that made possible comparisons with other regions and fields, and from this to extract objective information necessary for policy-making. We hope that efficient networking activity will be carried out in the future on the basis of the results of analysis of this kind.