Adaptierte Version des Planspiels Energetingen für Hauptschulen

Ein Projektbericht mit Materalien für die Umsetzun

Selective gene silencing by viral delivery of short hairpin RNA

RNA interference (RNAi) technology has not only become a powerful tool for functional genomics, but also allows rapid drug target discovery and in vitro validation of these targets in cell culture. Furthermore, RNAi represents a promising novel therapeutic option for treating human diseases, in particular cancer. Selective gene silencing by RNAi can be achieved essentially by two nucleic acid based methods: i) cytoplasmic delivery of short double-stranded (ds) interfering RNA oligonucleotides (siRNA), where the gene silencing effect is only transient in nature, and possibly not suitable for all applications; or ii) nuclear delivery of gene expression cassettes that express short hairpin RNA (shRNA), which are processed like endogenous interfering RNA and lead to stable gene down-regulation. Both processes involve the use of nucleic acid based drugs, which are highly charged and do not cross cell membranes by free diffusion. Therefore, in vivo delivery of RNAi therapeutics must use technology that enables the RNAi therapeutic to traverse biological membrane barriers in vivo. Viruses and the vectors derived from them carry out precisely this task and have become a major delivery system for shRNA. Here, we summarize and compare different currently used viral delivery systems, give examples of in vivo applications, and indicate trends for new developments, such as replicating viruses for shRNA delivery to cancer cells

Research and Design of a Routing Protocol in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

无线传感器网络，作为全球未来十大技术之一，集成了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、分布式信息处理和自组织网技术，可实时感知、采集、处理、传输网络分布区域内的各种信息数据，在军事国防、生物医疗、环境监测、抢险救灾、防恐反恐、危险区域远程控制等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。 本文研究分析了无线传感器网络的已有路由协议，并针对大规模的无线传感器网络设计了一种树状路由协议，它根据节点地址信息来形成路由，从而简化了复杂繁冗的路由表查找和维护，节省了不必要的开销，提高了路由效率，实现了快速有效的数据传输。 为支持此路由协议本文提出了一种自适应动态地址分配算——ADAR（AdaptiveDynamicAddre...As one of the ten high technologies in the future, wireless sensor network, which is the integration of micro-sensors, embedded computing, modern network and Ad Hoc technologies, can apperceive, collect, process and transmit various information data within the region. It can be used in military defense, biomedical, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, counter-terrorism, remote control of haz...学位：工学硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院通信工程系_通信与信息系统学号：2332007115216

Status of the Superconducting Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser FLASH at DESY

FLASH, the free-electron laser (FEL) user facility at DESY, deliverers high brilliance XUV and soft x-ray FEL radiation for photon experiments since summer 2005.In 2014 and 2015 a second beamline, FLASH2, has been commissioned in parallel to user operation at FLASH1.FLASH's superconducting linac can produce bunch trains of up to 800 bunches within a 0.8 ms RF flat top at a repetition rate of 10 Hz.In standard operation during 2017 FLASH supplied up to 500 bunches in two bunch trains with independent fill patterns and compression schemes.Since mid 2017 initial commissioning of a third experimental beamline, accommodating the FLASHForward plasma wakefield acceleration experiment, has started.We report on the highlights of the FLASH operation in 2017/2018

Status of the Superconductig Soft X-Ray Free-Electron Laser User Facility FLASHat DESY

FLASH, the free electron laser user facility at DESY (Hamburg, Germany), delivers high brilliance XUV and soft X-ray FEL radiation to photon experiments with different parameters at two undulator beamlines simultaneously. FLASH’s superconducting linac can produce bunch trains of up to 800 bunches within a 0.8ms RF flat top at a repetition rate of 10Hz. In standard operation during 2018, FLASH supplied up to 500 bunches in two bunch trains with independent fill patterns and compression schemes to each of the two beamlines. In 2018 first successful plasma accelerating experiments could be reported by the FLASHForward plasma wakefield acceleration experiment situated in a third beamline. We report on the highlights of FLASH operation in 2018/2019

Status of the Soft X-Ray Free Electron Laser FLASH

The superconducting free-electron laser user facility FLASH at DESY in Hamburg, routinely produces several thousand photon pulses per second. The operational parameters cover a wavelength range from 90 nm down to 4 nm with pulse energies from several $\mu$J up to 1 mJ and with pulse durations of several hundred fs down to a few fs. The FLASH injector and linac drives two undulator beam lines (FLASH1, FLASH2) and therefore FLASH is capable of serving 2 independent experiments with photon pulse (sub-) trains of several 100 bunches at the full train repetition frequency of 10 Hz.We summarize here the highlights of the user operation at FLASH1/2 and the study program (machine development and FEL optimization) of the FLASH facility

Experience with Multi-Beam and Multi-Beamline FEL-Operation

DESY’s free-electron laser FLASH provides soft X-ray pulses for scientific usersat wavelengths down to 4 nm simultaneously in two undulator beamlines. They are drivenby a common linear superconducting accelerator with a beam energy of up to 1.25 GeV. Thesuperconducting technology allows the acceleration of electron bunch trains of several hundredbunches with a spacing of 1 microsecond or more and a repetition rate of 10Hz. A fast kickerseptumsystem directs one part of the bunch train to FLASH1 and the other part to FLASH2keeping the full 10Hz repetition rate for both. The unique setup of FLASH allows independentFEL pulse parameters for both beamlines. In April 2016, simultaneous operation of FLASH1and FLASH2 for external users started. This paper reports on our operating experience withthis type of multi-beam, multi-beamline set-up

Status of the Soft X-Ray Free Electron Laser FLASH

The superconducting free-electron laser user facility FLASH at DESY in Hamburg, routinely produces several thousand photon pulses per second. The operational parameters cover a wavelength range from 90 nm down to 4 nm with pulse energies from several $\mu$J up to 1 mJ and with pulse durations of several hundred fs down to a few fs. The FLASH injector and linac drives two undulator beam lines (FLASH1, FLASH2) and therefore FLASH is capable of serving 2 independent experiments with photon pulse (sub-) trains of several 100 bunches at the full train repetition frequency of 10 Hz.We summarize here the highlights of the user operation at FLASH1/2 and the study program (machine development and FEL optimization) of the FLASH facility