Efectos del cambio climático sobre la producción de papa en el municipio de Villapinzón (Cundinamarca-Colombia) a partir del Enfoque Ricardiano

Agriculture is one of the most vulnerable sectors to climate change because of its direct dependence on climatic conditions. To measure the effects of climate change on agriculture different methodologies have been developed, within these appears the Ricardian approach, which allows to quantify the effects of climate change by assuming that the value of the land is going to depend on their productivity, and the adaptive capacity of producers. This research shows the effects of climate change on potato production in the municipality of Villapinzón (Cundinamarca-Colombia) based on Ricardian approach, in search of forecasts that reflect unique effects at the local level. In this case, it was found that the effects are linked to the availability of water, access to basic services, the downtown, and in addition, it was found that the effects associated with temperature increases in potato production are going to be positive, because the price of land will tend to be increased for 2040, 2070 and 2100.A agricultura é um dos sectores mais vulneráveis às mudanças climáticas devido à sua dependencia direta das condições meteorológicas. Para medir os efeitos das mudanças climáticas na agricultura têm desenvolvido metodologias diferentes dentro deles a abordagem Ricardiano, que permite quantificar os efeitos das mudanças climáticas, assumindo que o valor do solo vai depender de sua produtividade e capacidade de adaptação dos produtores. Esta pesquisa mostra os efeitos das mudanças climáticas sobre a produção de batata na cidade de Villapinzón (Cundinamarca-Colômbia) a partir de abordagem Ricardiano em busca de projeções que refletem efeitos de exclusividade local. Neste caso, verificou- se que os efeitos estão ligados à disponibilidade de água, acesso a serviços básicos para a área urbana, e também se encontrou que os efeitos associados com o aumento da temperatura na produção de batata serão positivos, uma vez que os preços da terra tendem a aumentar em 2040, 2070 e 2100.La agricultura es uno de los sectores más vulnerables al cambio climático debido a su directa dependencia de las condiciones climáticas. Para medir los efectos del cambio climático sobre la agricultura se han desarrollado diferentes metodologías, dentro de éstas aparece el enfoque Ricardiano, el cual permite cuantificar los efectos del cambio climático asumiendo que el valor del suelo va a depender de su productividad, y de la capacidad de adaptación de los productores. La presente investigación, muestra los efectos del cambio climático sobre la producción de papa en el municipio de Villapinzón (Cundinamarca-Colombia) a partir del enfoque Ricardiano, en búsqueda de pronósticos que reflejen efectos exclusivos a nivel local. En este caso se encontró que los efectos están ligados a la disponibilidad de agua, acceso a servicios básicos, al casco urbano, y además se encontró que los efectos asociados a aumentos de temperatura en la producción de papa van a ser positivos, ya que el precio de la tierra tenderá a incrementarse para el 2040, 2070 y 2100

Efeitos das mudanças climáticas sobre a produção de batata na cidade de Villapinzón (Cundinamarca-Colômbia) a partir de abordagem ricardiana

Agriculture is one of the most vulnerable sectors to climate change because of its direct dependence on climatic conditions. To measure the effects of climate change on agriculture different methodologies have been developed, within these appears the Ricardian approach, which allows to quantify the effects of climate change by assuming that the value of the land is going to depend on their productivity, and the adaptive capacity of producers. This research shows the effects of climate change on potato production in the municipality of Villapinzón (Cundinamarca-Colombia) based on Ricardian approach, in search of forecasts that reflect unique effects at the local level. In this case, it was found that the effects are linked to the availability of water, access to basic services, the downtown, and in addition, it was found that the effects associated with temperature increases in potato production are going to be positive, because the price of land will tend to be increased for 2040, 2070 and 2100.La agricultura es uno de los sectores más vulnerables al cambio climático debido a su directa dependencia de las condiciones climáticas. Para medir los efectos del cambio climático sobre la agricultura se han desarrollado diferentes metodologías, dentro de éstas aparece el enfoque Ricardiano, el cual permite cuantificar los efectos del cambio climático asumiendo que el valor del suelo va a depender de su productividad, y de la capacidad de adaptación de los productores. La presente investigación, muestra los efectos del cambio climático sobre la producción de papa en el municipio de Villapinzón (Cundinamarca-Colombia) a partir del enfoque Ricardiano, en búsqueda de pronósticos que reflejen efectos exclusivos a nivel local. En este caso se encontró que los efectos están ligados a la disponibilidad de agua, acceso a servicios básicos, al casco urbano, y además se encontró que los efectos asociados a aumentos de temperatura en la producción de papa van a ser positivos, ya que el precio de la tierra tenderá a incrementarse para el 2040, 2070 y 2100.A agricultura é um dos sectores mais vulneráveis às mudanças climáticas devido à sua dependencia direta das condições meteorológicas. Para medir os efeitos das mudanças climáticas na agricultura têm desenvolvido metodologias diferentes dentro deles a abordagem Ricardiano, que permite quantificar os efeitos das mudanças climáticas, assumindo que o valor do solo vai depender de sua produtividade e capacidade de adaptação dos produtores. Esta pesquisa mostra os efeitos das mudanças climáticas sobre a produção de batata na cidade de Villapinzón (Cundinamarca-Colômbia) a partir de abordagem Ricardiano em busca de projeções que refletem efeitos de exclusividade local. Neste caso, verificou- se que os efeitos estão ligados à disponibilidade de água, acesso a serviços básicos para a área urbana, e também se encontrou que os efeitos associados com o aumento da temperatura na produção de batata serão positivos, uma vez que os preços da terra tendem a aumentar em 2040, 2070 e 2100

The burden of dengue and the financial cost to Colombia, 2010-2012

Data on the burden of dengue and its economic costs can help guide health policy decisions. However, little reliable information is available for Colombia. We therefore calculated the burden of the disease, expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), for two scenarios: endemic years (average number of cases in non-epidemic years 2011 and 2012) and an epidemic year (2010, when the highest number of dengue cases was reported in the study period). We also estimated the total economic cost of the disease (U.S. dollars at the average exchange rate for 2012), including indirect costs to households derived from expenses such as preventing entry of mosquitos into the home and costs to government arising from direct, indirect, and prevention and monitoring activities, as well as the direct medical and non-medical costs. In the epidemic year 2010, 1,198.73 DALYs were lost per million inhabitants versus 83.88 in endemic years. The total financial cost of the disease in Colombia from a societal perspective was US$167.8 million for 2010, US$129.9 million for 2011, and US$131.7 million for 2012. The cost of mosquito prevention borne by households was a major cost driver (accounting for 46% of the overall cost in 2010, 62% in 2011, and 64% in 2012)

The Burden of Dengue and the Financial Cost to Colombia, 2010–2012

Data on the burden of dengue and its economic costs can help guide health policy decisions. However, little reliable information is available for Colombia. We therefore calculated the burden of the disease, expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), for two scenarios: endemic years (average number of cases in non-epidemic years 2011 and 2012) and an epidemic year (2010, when the highest number of dengue cases was reported in the study period). We also estimated the total economic cost of the disease (U.S. dollars at the average exchange rate for 2012), including indirect costs to households derived from expenses such as preventing entry of mosquitos into the home and costs to government arising from direct, indirect, and prevention and monitoring activities, as well as the direct medical and non-medical costs. In the epidemic year 2010, 1,198.73 DALYs were lost per million inhabitants versus 83.88 in endemic years. The total financial cost of the disease in Colombia from a societal perspective was US$167.8 million for 2010, US$129.9 million for 2011, and US$131.7 million for 2012. The cost of mosquito prevention borne by households was a major cost driver (accounting for 46% of the overall cost in 2010, 62% in 2011, and 64% in 2012)