Sex hormone-regulated CMG2 is involved in breast and prostate cancer progression

Background/Aim: Capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2) is involved in prostate and breast cancer progression. This study aimed to investigate sex hormone receptor-mediated regulation of CMG2 in breast and prostate cancer, and its implication in disease progression. Materials and Methods: Expression of CMG2, oestrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) was determined in breast and prostate cancer cell lines, respectively, using real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR) and western blot. Association between CMG2 and sex hormone receptors was analysed in a number of transcriptome datasets. Immunochemical staining was performed in tissue microarrays of breast cancer (BR1505D) and prostate cancer (PR8011A). CMG2 expression was determined in 17β-oestradiol treated breast cancer cells and AR over-expressing prostate cancer cells. Results: CMG2 was found to be inversely correlated with sex hormone receptors in breast and prostate cancer. Lower expression of CMG2 was associated with a poor prognosis in ER (+) breast cancer but not ER (−) tumours. Both ER (+) breast cancer cell lines and AR (+) prostate cancer cell lines presented lower expression of CMG2, which was increased following sex hormone deprivation. Exposure to 17-β-oestradiol and AR over-expression repressed CMG2 expression in breast cancer and prostate cancer cell lines, respectively. Conclusion: CMG2 is inversely correlated with ER and AR status in breast and prostate cancer, respectively. ER and AR mediate repression of CMG2 expression in corresponding cancerous cells

Sex hormone-regulatedcmg2is involved in breast and prostate cancer progression

Background/Aim: Capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2) is involved in prostate and breast cancer progression. This study aimed to investigate sex hormone receptor-mediated regulation of CMG2 in breast and prostate cancer, and its implication in disease progression. Materials and Methods: Expression of CMG2, oestrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) was determined in breast and prostate cancer cell lines, respectively, using real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR) and western blot. Association between CMG2 and sex hormone receptors was analysed in a number of transcriptome datasets. Immunochemical staining was performed in tissue microarrays of breast cancer (BR1505D) and prostate cancer (PR8011A). CMG2 expression was determined in 17β-oestradiol treated breast cancer cells and AR over-expressing prostate cancer cells. Results: CMG2 was found to be inversely correlated with sex hormone receptors in breast and prostate cancer. Lower expression of CMG2 was associated with a poor prognosis in ER (+) breast cancer but not ER (−) tumours. Both ER (+) breast cancer cell lines and AR (+) prostate cancer cell lines presented lower expression of CMG2, which was increased following sex hormone deprivation. Exposure to 17-β-oestradiol and AR over-expression repressed CMG2 expression in breast cancer and prostate cancer cell lines, respectively. Conclusion: CMG2 is inversely correlated with ER and AR status in breast and prostate cancer, respectively. ER and AR mediate repression of CMG2 expression in corresponding cancerous cells

Potential implication of IL-24 in lymphangiogenesis of human breast cancer

Lymphangiogenesis is involved in the dissemination of malignant cells from solid tumours to regional lymph nodes and possibly to various distant sites. Lymphangiogenesis is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D. Interleukin (IL)-24 is known as a cytokine with potent antitumour and tumour-suppressive activity which functions through its receptor (IL-22R). Expression of IL-24 has been shown to be reduced in breast cancer, and the reduced expression is associated with lymphatic metastases and a poor prognosis. However, the involvement of IL-24 in lymphangiogenesis during lymphatic metastasis remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether there is an association between IL-24, IL-22R and lymphangiogenic factors and markers in breast cancer. Analysis of IL-24, IL-22R and lymphangiogenic factors in malignant breast tissue samples (n=127) revealed a correlation between increased expression of lymphangiogenic markers (podoplanin, Prox-1 and LYVE-1) and reduced levels of IL-24 and IL-22R. Samples stained with a high degree of positivity for lymphangiogenic factors and markers whereas staining for IL-24 was weak. In vitro assays showed that the average perimeter length of microtubules formed by endothelial cells treated with IL-24 was significantly reduced compared to the control. The growth of endothelial cells was significantly reduced when exposed to a high concentration of IL-24 (250 ng/ml). Treatment of HECV cells with IL-24 resulted in significantly reduced expression of VEGF-C (P<0.05) and VEGF-D (P<0.001). In conclusion, reduced expression of IL-24 and IL-22R in breast cancer is correlated with increased expression of specific lymphangiogenic markers. IL-24 suppressed in vitro growth and microtubule formation of endothelial cells. IL-24 may downregulate the expression of lymphangiogenic markers and factors although further research is required. This suggests that IL-24 plays a profound role in suppressing tumour lymphangiogenesis, thereby, reducing the likelihood of cancer metastasis via the lymphatic route

Risk-taking attitudes and their association with process and outcomes of cardiac care: a cohort study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Prior research reveals that processes and outcomes of cardiac care differ across sociodemographic strata. One potential contributing factor to such differences is the personality traits of individuals within these strata. We examined the association between risk-taking attitudes and cardiac patients' clinical and demographic characteristics, the likelihood of undergoing invasive cardiac procedures and survival.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We studied a large inception cohort of patients who underwent cardiac catheterization between July 1998 and December 2001. Detailed clinical and demographic data were collected at time of cardiac catheterization and through a mailed survey one year post-catheterization. The survey included three general risk attitude items from the Jackson Personality Inventory. Patients' (n = 6294) attitudes toward risk were categorized as risk-prone versus non-risk-prone and were assessed for associations with baseline clinical and demographic characteristics, treatment received (i.e., medical therapy, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)), and survival (to December 2005).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>2827 patients (45%) were categorized as risk-prone. Having risk-prone attitudes was associated with younger age (p < .001), male sex (p < .001), current smoking (p < .001) and higher household income (p < .001). Risk-prone patients were more likely to have CABG surgery in unadjusted (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.21; 95% CI 1.08–1.36) and adjusted (OR = 1.18; 95% CI 1.02–1.36) models, but were no more likely to have PCI or any revascularization. Having risk-prone attitudes was associated with better survival in an unadjusted survival analysis (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 0.78 (95% CI 0.66–0.93), but not in a risk-adjusted analysis (HR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.77–1.10).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These exploratory findings suggest that patient attitudes toward risk taking may <b>contribute to </b>some of the documented differences in use of invasive cardiac procedures. An awareness of these associations could help healthcare providers as they counsel patients regarding cardiac care decisions.</p

NUPR1 and its potential role in cancer and pathological conditions (Review)

Nuclear protein‑1 (NUPR1) is also known as Com‑1 or p8. It is a protein primarily found in the nucleus of various cells, including cancer cells, and it has been found to play an important role in cell stress and stress‑related apoptosis. Over the past two decades, NUPR1 has been firmly indicated to play a role in the development and progression of numerous types of cancer, as well as in a number of other pathological conditions, including pancreatitis, diabetes, neurological and inflammatory conditions. The past decade has witnessed a rapid understanding of the biological and cellular mechanisms through which NUPR1 operates on cells and the identification of new variant of the protein. Most importantly, there have been comprehensive studies on the clinical and pathological aspects of NUPR1 and its variant in multiple malignancies and identification of therapeutic methods by targeting the protein. The present review aimed to summarise the current knowledge relating to NUPR1 in human malignancies and to discuss the associated controversies and potential future prospects of this molecul

Univariable regression of suture type (absorbable or non-absorbable) on IH rates.

<p>^a Studies with more than one patient group available for analysis.</p><p>Summary Suture type (absorbable versus non-absorbable) had no effect on IH rates.</p><p>Univariable regression of suture type (absorbable or non-absorbable) on IH rates.</p

Bubble plot of IH rates by year of publication.

<p><b>Notes</b>: The area of each circle is proportionate to the number of patients. The line of best fit shows that IH rates increase with year of publication.</p

PRISMA diagram detailing search strategy and study selection process.

<p>PRISMA diagram detailing search strategy and study selection process.</p

Funnel plot of IH rates (y axis) by number of patients in study (x axis).

<p><b>Notes</b>: Created using Excel macro at <a href="http://www.apho.org.uk/resource/view.aspx?RID=47241" target="_blank">www.apho.org.uk/resource/view.aspx?RID=47241</a>. Dashed boundaries show ± three standard errors; feint show ± two standard errors.</p

Regression analyses of IH rates on multiple predictors.

<p>Notes: Model A: significance level for exclusion = 5%</p><p>Model B: significance level for inclusion = 10%; significance level for exclusion = 12%</p><p>Regression analyses of IH rates on multiple predictors.</p