Incidence of seizure activity for the seven OBX animals.

<p>Lines show peak seizure number on a given day for each animal. Note that the seizures occurred in clusters rather than being randomly distributed throughout the monitoring period. Three animals had a second seizure cluster (marked by asterisks), data from which were used for <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0138178#pone.0138178.g003" target="_blank">Fig 3</a>. No seizures were observed in control animals (not shown).</p

Photomicrographs of Nissl stained sagittal sections from a control mouse (left) and an epileptic mouse with a clean removal of the olfactory bulb.

<p>Sections are approximately 0.60 mm lateral to the midline. <b>Lower panels:</b> Photomicrographs from control (left) and epileptic (right) mice showing hippocampus and the CA3 pyramidal cell layer. No overt cell loss, disruption or distortion of the overall structure of the hippocampus was evident in hippocampus of any of the animals. Scale bars: Top, 2 mm; middle, 1 mm; bottom, 25 μm.</p

Scatter plot correlating behavioral seizure severity with seizure duration for individual seizures which occurred in either the first (black circles) or second (red diamonds) seizure cluster.

<p>Data are from the three animals that had two recorded seizure clusters (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0138178#pone.0138178.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a>). Note the right and upward shift between seizures in the first and second clusters, indicating that seizures in the second cluster were more severe and lasted longer (P<0.001 for both parameters).</p

Scatter plot showing the relationship between seizure frequency and estimated cortical tissue loss in mm³.

<p>A significant correlation between the two parameters was not observed (Pearson product moment, R = -0.218, p = 0.64).</p

Examples of seizures recorded from three different OBX mice.

<p>Scale bars are microvolts (μV) / seconds (s).</p

Serial micrographs of Nissl stained sections cut on the sagittal plane through the medial lateral extent through the brain of an epileptic mouse following OBX surgery.

<p>Numbers (LX.XX) are distance from midline in mm. Note the effective removal of the olfactory bulb, and modest damage to the frontal lobe in one hemisphere (yellow arrowheads). This pattern and extent of damage is representative of the animals in the study. Scale bar = 2 mm.</p

Individual seizure timelines of epileptic animals receiving CORT first.

<p>Periods of vehicle and CORT treatment are highlighted in blue and red, respectively, while baseline periods are left white. Bars denote the number of seizures on a given day. No striking correlations between treatment and seizure incidence were observed for these animals.</p

Individual seizure timelines of epileptic animals receiving vehicle first.

<p>Periods of vehicle and CORT treatment are highlighted in blue and red, respectively, while baseline periods are left white. Bars denote the number of seizures on a given day. One animal exhibited seizures only during CORT treatment (E), while 2 animals (A & C) exhibited seizures primarily during periods of vehicle and CORT treatment. The remaining four animals showed no compelling correlation between seizure incidence and treatment, and overall there was no significant effect of treatment on seizure frequency.</p

EEG recordings from epileptic animals.

<p><b>A:</b> Baseline EEG activity. <b>B:</b> A typical seizure event in an epileptic animal. This seizure was associated with behavioral rearing and loss of postural control (falling). <b>C:</b> An example of epileptiform activity recorded from an epileptic animal. The EEG segments shown below B and C are expansions of the periods marked by the solid bars. Animals were typically motionless or exhibited myoclonic jerks during epileptiform events.</p

Plasma corticosterone levels measured in a group of non-epileptic (control) mice.

<p>CORT levels were determined following vehicle (blue) and CORT (red) injection. Levels were measured just prior to injection (baseline), thirty minutes (30 m) after injection and two hours after injection. At 30 minutes, both vehicle and CORT injection elevated CORT levels significantly. At 120 minutes, CORT levels began to come down in the case of the vehicle injection, though still significantly higher than baseline levels. Following CORT injection, levels continued to increase beyond 30 minutes. ? ? ?, p<0.001 vs. baseline for both vehicle and CORT; ***, p<0.001 vs. all other groups and time points.</p