Closing the Divide: How Medical Homes Promote Equity in Health Care

Presents findings from the Commonwealth Fund 2006 Health Care Quality Survey, and demonstrates how having stable insurance, a regular provider and, in particular, a medical home, improves health care access and quality among vulnerable populations

Capturing Multicellular System Designs Using Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL)

8 Pág.Synthetic biology aims to develop novel biological systems and increase their reproducibility using engineering principles such as standardization and modularization. It is important that these systems can be represented and shared in a standard way to ensure they can be easily understood, reproduced, and utilized by other researchers. The Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) is a data standard for sharing biological designs and information about their implementation and characterization. Previously, this standard has only been used to represent designs in systems where the same design is implemented in every cell; however, there is also much interest in multicellular systems, in which designs involve a mixture of different types of cells with differing genotype and phenotype. Here, we show how the SBOL standard can be used to represent multicellular systems, and, hence, how researchers can better share designs with the community and reliably document intended system functionality.This work was supported in part by NSF Expeditions in Computing Program Award No. 1522074 as part of the Living Computing Project and by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under Contract No. W911NF-17-2-0098. The views, opinions, and/or findings expressed are of the author(s) and should not be interpreted as representing official views or policies of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. A.G.-M. was supported by the SynBio3D project of the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (No.EP/R019002/1) and the European CSA on biological standardization BIOROBOOST (EU Grant No. 820699)Peer reviewe

Analisis Kesuburan Perairan Sekitar Muara Sungai Tuntang, Morodemak Berdasarkan Hubungan Antara Nilai Produktivitas Primer Dengan No3 Dan Po4

Produktivitas primer merupakan deskripsi kuantitatif yang menyatakan kesuburan perairan, juga pemanfaatan konsentrasi unsur hara yang terdapat di dalam suatu badan air melalui laju pembentukan senyawa-senyawa organik. Nutrien sangat dibutuhkan oleh fitoplankton untuk perkembangannya dalam jumlah besar maupun dalam jumlah yang relatif kecil. Setiap unsur hara mempunyai fungsi khusus pada pertumbuhan dan kepadatan tanpa mengesampingkan pengaruh kondisi lingkungan. Unsur P dan N sangat penting untuk pembentukan protein. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan ortofosfat dan nitrat di sekitar muara sungai Tuntang; dan mengetahui hubungan antara ortofosfat, nitrat dan produktivitas perairan di muara sungai Tuntang, Morodemak.Penelitian ini dilakukan di 7 lokasi sampling perairan sekitar muara sungai Tuntang, Morodemak dan berlangsung antara 22 dan 29 Mei 2014. Pada penelitian ini diukur nilai kandungan nitrat dan ortofosfat serta nilai produktivitas primer. Analisis perbedaan kedalaman nitrat dan ortofosfat menggunakan uji chi-kuadrat.Nilai kandungan nitrat di lapisan permukaan berkisar antara 0.6– 1.6 mg/L dan lapisan dasar berkisar antara 0.6 – 2.5 mg/L. Nilai kandungan ortofosfat di lapisan permukaan berkisar antara 0.1 – 0.24 mg/L dan lapisan dasar berkisar antara 0.17 – 0.48 mg/L. Nilai produktivitas perairan berkisar antara 112.608 – 319.056 mg/C/m3/hari sehingga lingkungan muara dikategorikan mesotrofik.Terdapat hubungan kuadratik antara nitrat, fosfat dan produktivitas primer, diketahui NO3 optimum terjadi pada kadar 1.12 mg/l dan PO4 optimum terjadi pada kadar 0.168 mg/l. Primary produtivity is a quantitative description that stated tropic water status as well as the utilization of nutrients in waters through formation rate of organic matters from anorganic matters. Nutrients are needed by phytoplankton to grow in large as well as relatively small number. Every nutrients has a special function in phytoplankton growth and density without exclusionthe influence of environmental conditions. N and P are very important element to the formation of proteins. The purpose of this study wereto determine the orthoposphate and nitrate content in the Tuntang river estuary; and to determine the relationship of nitrate, orthoposphate and water productivity in Tuntang river estuary, Morodemak. The study was conducted at 7 locations in the Tuntang river estuary, Morodemak on 22 and 29 May 2014. In this study, nitrate and orthoposphate values were measured and the value of primary productivity. Analysis of differences in the depth of nitrateand phosphate using the chi-square test.The value of nitrate content in the surface layer ranged between 0.6 – 1.6 mg/L and the bottom layer ranged between 0.6 – 2.5 mg/L. The value of theorthophospate contentin the surface layer ranged between 0.1 – 0.24 mg/L and the bottom range between 0.17 – 0.48 mg/L. The value of waters productivity ranging between 112.608 – 319.056 mg/C/m3/day therefore it was as categorized as mesotrophik. There are quadratic relationship between nitrate, orthoposphate and productivity primer , and optimum nitrate value on 1.12 mg/l and orthoposphate value on 0.168 mg/l

Questioning policy, youth participation and lifestyle sports

Young people have been identified as a key target group for whom participation in sport and physical activity could have important benefits to health and wellbeing and consequently have been the focus of several government policies to increase participation in the UK. Lifestyle sports represent one such strategy for encouraging and sustaining new engagements in sport and physical activity in youth groups, however, there is at present a lack of understanding of the use of these activities within policy contexts. This paper presents findings from a government initiative which sought to increase participation in sport for young people through provision of facilities for mountain biking in a forest in south-east England. Findings from qualitative research with 40 young people who participated in mountain biking at the case study location highlight the importance of non-traditional sports as a means to experience the natural environments through forms of consumption which are healthy, active and appeal to their identities. In addition, however, the paper raises questions over the accessibility of schemes for some individuals and social groups, and the ability to incorporate sports which are inherently participant-led into state-managed schemes. Lifestyle sports such as mountain biking involve distinct forms of participation which present a challenge for policy-makers who seek to create and maintain sustainable communities of youth participants

A high-resolution map of human evolutionary constraint using 29 mammals.

The comparison of related genomes has emerged as a powerful lens for genome interpretation. Here we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of 29 eutherian genomes. We confirm that at least 5.5% of the human genome has undergone purifying selection, and locate constrained elements covering ∼4.2% of the genome. We use evolutionary signatures and comparisons with experimental data sets to suggest candidate functions for ∼60% of constrained bases. These elements reveal a small number of new coding exons, candidate stop codon readthrough events and over 10,000 regions of overlapping synonymous constraint within protein-coding exons. We find 220 candidate RNA structural families, and nearly a million elements overlapping potential promoter, enhancer and insulator regions. We report specific amino acid residues that have undergone positive selection, 280,000 non-coding elements exapted from mobile elements and more than 1,000 primate- and human-accelerated elements. Overlap with disease-associated variants indicates that our findings will be relevant for studies of human biology, health and disease

Genome sequence of an Australian kangaroo, Macropus eugenii, provides insight into the evolution of mammalian reproduction and development.

BACKGROUND: We present the genome sequence of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, which is a member of the kangaroo family and the first representative of the iconic hopping mammals that symbolize Australia to be sequenced. The tammar has many unusual biological characteristics, including the longest period of embryonic diapause of any mammal, extremely synchronized seasonal breeding and prolonged and sophisticated lactation within a well-defined pouch. Like other marsupials, it gives birth to highly altricial young, and has a small number of very large chromosomes, making it a valuable model for genomics, reproduction and development. RESULTS: The genome has been sequenced to 2 × coverage using Sanger sequencing, enhanced with additional next generation sequencing and the integration of extensive physical and linkage maps to build the genome assembly. We also sequenced the tammar transcriptome across many tissues and developmental time points. Our analyses of these data shed light on mammalian reproduction, development and genome evolution: there is innovation in reproductive and lactational genes, rapid evolution of germ cell genes, and incomplete, locus-specific X inactivation. We also observe novel retrotransposons and a highly rearranged major histocompatibility complex, with many class I genes located outside the complex. Novel microRNAs in the tammar HOX clusters uncover new potential mammalian HOX regulatory elements. CONCLUSIONS: Analyses of these resources enhance our understanding of marsupial gene evolution, identify marsupial-specific conserved non-coding elements and critical genes across a range of biological systems, including reproduction, development and immunity, and provide new insight into marsupial and mammalian biology and genome evolution

Does Proximity to Retailers Influence Alcohol and Tobacco Use Among Latino Adolescents?

Despite decades of research surrounding determinants of alcohol and tobacco (A&T) use among adolescents, built environment influences have only recently been explored. This study used ordinal regression on 205 Latino adolescents to explore the influence of the built environment (proximity to A&T retailers) on A&T use, while controlling for recognized social predictors. The sample was 45% foreign-born. A&T use was associated with distance from respondents’ home to the nearest A&T retailer (−), acculturation (+), parents’ consistent use of contingency management (−), peer use of A&T (+), skipping school (+), attending school in immediate proximity to the US/Mexico border (+), and the interaction between the distance to the nearest retailer and parents’ consistent use of contingency management (+). The association between decreasing distance to the nearest A&T retailer and increased A&T use in Latino adolescents reveals an additional risk behavior determinant in the US–Mexico border region

A High-Resolution Map of Human Evolutionary Constraint Using 29 Mammals

The comparison of related genomes has emerged as a powerful lens for genome interpretation. Here we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of 29 eutherian genomes. We confirm that at least 5.5% of the human genome has undergone purifying selection, and locate constrained elements covering ~4.2% of the genome. We use evolutionary signatures and comparisons with experimental data sets to suggest candidate functions for ~60% of constrained bases. These elements reveal a small number of new coding exons, candidate stop codon readthrough events and over 10,000 regions of overlapping synonymous constraint within protein-coding exons. We find 220 candidate RNA structural families, and nearly a million elements overlapping potential promoter, enhancer and insulator regions. We report specific amino acid residues that have undergone positive selection, 280,000 non-coding elements exapted from mobile elements and more than 1,000 primate- and human-accelerated elements. Overlap with disease-associated variants indicates that our findings will be relevant for studies of human biology, health and disease.National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.)National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U.S.) (Grant number GM82901)National Science Foundation (U.S.). Postdoctural Fellowship (Award 0905968)National Science Foundation (U.S.). Career (0644282)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (R01-HG004037)Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.Austrian Science Fund. Erwin Schrodinger Fellowshi