Private parties and the annulment procedure: Can the gap in the European system of judicial protection be closed?

The restrictions imposed on the possibility for an individual to challenge European law measures and the restrictive interpretation of the notion of ‘individual concern’ given by the European Court of Justice have been highly criticised by legal scholars and members of the European judiciary as being against the principle of effective judicial protection. This paper shows how the restrictive interpretation of the notion of ‘individual concern’ developed in the case law of the European Court of Justice. Furthermore, the paper discusses possible improvements to the current system of judicial protection, such as the possibility to introduce a fundamental rights complaint procedure and the obligation of Member States to provide for effective judicial remedies before national courts. Finally, the impact of the modifications made by the Lisbon Treaty to the annulment procedure is assessed

Cumulant expansion for phonon contributions to the electron spectral function

We describe an approach for calculations of phonon contributions to the electron spectral function, including both quasiparticle properties and satellites. The method is based on a cumulant expansion for the retarded one-electron Green's function and a many-pole model for the electron self-energy. The electron-phonon couplings are calculated from the Eliashberg functions, and the phonon density of states is obtained from a Lanczos representation of the phonon Green's function. Our calculations incorporate ab initio dynamical matrices and electron-phonon couplings from the density functional theory code ABINIT. Illustrative results are presented for several elemental metals and for Einstein and Debye models with a range of coupling constants. These are compared with experiment and other theoretical models. Estimates of corrections to Migdal's theorem are obtained by comparing with leading order contributions to the self-energy, and are found to be significant only for large electron-phonon couplings at low temperatures

Utilization-based dynamic scheduling algorithm for wireless mesh networks

Channel access scheduling is one of the key components in the design of multihop wireless mesh networks (WMNs). This paper addresses the allocation/demand mismatch problem observed in oblivious WMN channel access scheduling schemes and proposes Utilization-Based Scheduling (UBS). UBS is a Spatial-TDMA- (STDMA-) based dynamic channel access scheduling scheme designed with the aim of increasing the application-level throughput. In UBS, each node has a weight, which is dynamically adjusted in accordance with the node's slot usage history and packet-queue occupancy. UBS is a fully distributed algorithm, where each node adjusts its own weight and makes pseudorandom transmission attempts using only the locally available information. To demonstrate the performance improvements of the dynamic weight adjustment, the performance of UBS is compared against other channel access scheduling schemes through extensive ns-2 simulations under both uniform and nonuniform traffic patterns. © 2010 Miray Kas et al

Imperatives of Computer Base Test (CBT) on Performance of LIS Students: A Case Study

Abstract The paper espouse the fact that paper pen test (PPT) is slowly replaced by computer base test (CBT) introduced over five decades ago in most tertiary institutions. It itemized the benefits and challenges of CBT. The focus is to assess the performance of students of LIS in a Nigerian university who pioneered the project. Factoring incorporated courses, necessity for the incorporation of CBT, influence of CBT on student performance and the challenges of CBT on these students performance anchored the thrust of the paper. The study was quantitative; questionnaire was used to collect data that is guided by the objective of the study. A total of 267 students participated. The study revealed that CBT incorporation is still at pilot level and that the pencil pen test stills prevails in the study area, however, since CBT incorporation, it has put to rest the claim that drudgery was one of the reasons for its utilization. Results show that its incorporation has encouraged students to be thorough and improve their technical skills. Challenges hinges on funding of the project, training of personnel and students must be prioritized for sustainability

Cold collisions of C2−_{2}^{-} anions with Li and Rb atoms in hybrid traps

We present a theoretical investigation of reactive and non-reactive collisions of Li and Rb atoms with C$_{2}^{-}$ molecular anions at low temperatures in the context of sympathetic cooling in hybrid trap experiments. Based on recently reported accurate potential energy surfaces for the singlet and triplet states of the Li-C$_{2}^{-}$ and Rb-C$_{2}^{-}$ systems, we show that the associative electronic detachment reaction is slow if the colliding partners are in their ground state, but fast if they are excited. The results are expected to be representative of the alkali-metal series. We also investigate rotationally inelastic collisions in order to explore the cooling of the translational and rotational degrees of freedom of C$_2^-$ in hybrid ion-atom traps. The effect of micromotion is taken into account by considering Tsallis distributions of collision energies. We show that the translational cooling occurs much more rapidly than rotational cooling and that the presence of excited atoms leads to losses of anions on a timescale comparable to that of rotational cooling.Comment: ICPEAC 2019 conferenc