Spesies Udang Ketak Darat Thalassina (Latreille, 1806) (Decapoda: Thalassinidae) Di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies udang ketak darat (mud lobster) Thalassina di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa spesies dari Thalassina yang ditemukan adalahThalassina anomala (Herbst 1804). Adapun bagian-bagian morfologi yang dijadikan sebagai pembeda antar spesies dari Thalassina dan menjadi ciri morfologi Thalassina anomala sebagai berikut: 1). Memiliki rostrum triangular, membulat dan bergerigi di sepanjang sisi lateralnya; 2). Tonjolan dorsomedian pada karapas memanjang hingga mencapai bagian dorsal dari abdominal somite pertama; 3). Abdominal sternite pada pleopod ke 2-5 memiliki tonjolan yang berada di tengah (median line); 4). Pereopod I memiliki 13-20 gerigi di sisi dalam dari propodal dan di sepanjang sisi lateral dari propodus; 5). Khusus pada jantan, petasma tanpa spina proksimal dan ujung bulat melebar tanpa setae. Ditemukan T. anomala di wilayah tersebut karena spesies ini memiliki penyebaran yang paling luas dibandingkan dengan Thalassina lainnya

Spesies Udang Ketak Darat Thalassina (Latreille, 1806) (Decapoda: Thalassinidae) Di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies udang ketak darat (mud lobster) Thalassina di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa spesies dari Thalassina yang ditemukan adalahThalassina anomala (Herbst 1804). Adapun bagian-bagian morfologi yang dijadikan sebagai pembeda antar spesies dari Thalassina dan menjadi ciri morfologi Thalassina anomala sebagai berikut: 1). Memiliki rostrum triangular, membulat dan bergerigi di sepanjang sisi lateralnya; 2). Tonjolan dorsomedian pada karapas memanjang hingga mencapai bagian dorsal dari abdominal somite pertama; 3). Abdominal sternite pada pleopod ke 2-5 memiliki tonjolan yang berada di tengah (median line); 4). Pereopod I memiliki 13-20 gerigi di sisi dalam dari propodal dan di sepanjang sisi lateral dari propodus; 5). Khusus pada jantan, petasma tanpa spina proksimal dan ujung bulat melebar tanpa setae. Ditemukan T. anomala di wilayah tersebut karena spesies ini memiliki penyebaran yang paling luas dibandingkan dengan Thalassina lainnya

Wading through the swamp: what does tropical peatland restoration mean to national-level stakeholders in Indonesia?

Ecological restoration is considered to play an important role in mitigating climate change, protecting biodiversity and preventing environmental degradation. Yet, there are often multiple perspectives on what outcomes restoration should be aiming to achieve, and how we should get to that point. In this paper we interview a range of policy makers, academics and NGO representatives to explore the range of perspectives on the restoration of Indonesia's tropical peatlands – key global ecosystems that have undergone large‐scale degradation. Thematic analysis suggests that participants agreed about the importance of restoration, but had differing opinions on how effective restoration activities to date have been and what a restored peatland landscape should look like. These results exemplify how ecological restoration can mean different things to different people, but also highlight important areas of consensus for moving forward with peatland restoration strategies

Smallholder perceptions of land restoration activities: rewetting tropical peatland oil palm areas in Sumatra, Indonesia

The Indonesian government committed to restoring over 2 million ha of degraded peatland by the end of 2020, mainly to reduce peat fires and greenhouse gas emissions. Although it is unlikely the government will meet this target, restoration projects are still underway. One restoration strategy involves blocking peatland drainage canals, but the consequences of this for smallholder farmers whose livelihoods are dependent on agriculture are unclear. This paper investigates perceived impacts of canal blocks on smallholder farmers and identifies factors that affect their willingness to accept canal blocks on their land. We use data from 181 household questionnaires collected in 2018 across three villages in Jambi province, Sumatra. We found that the majority of respondents would accept canal blocks on their farms, perceiving that the blocks would have no impact on yields or farm access, and would decrease fire risk. Respondents who would not accept blocks on their farms were more likely to use canals to access their farms and perceive that canal blocks would decrease yields. The majority of farmers unwilling to accept canal blocks did not change their mind when provided with an option of a block that would allow boat travel. Our results improve understanding of why some smallholders may be unwilling to engage with peatland restoration. Further research is needed to understand the impact of canal blocks on smallholders’ yields. Engaging with stakeholders from the outset to understand farmers’ concerns, and perceptions is key if the government is to succeed in meeting its peatland restoration target and to ensure that the costs and benefits of restoration are evenly shared between local stakeholders and other actors

Phylogenetic Relationships of Stress Resistant Fish in Harapan Rainforest Jambi Based on DNA Barcode

DNA barcode as an effective tool for identification and reveal phylogenetic relationships in fish. The purpose of this study was to analysis DNA sequence, genetic distance and reveal phylogenetic relationships of stress resistance fish (blackfish) in Harapan Rainforest Jambi base on DNA barcode. The research was conducted from April to August 2016 in Harapan Rainforest Jambi, Integrated Laboratory, Jambi University and Biotechnology Laboratory of the Primate Study Centre-IPB University. DNA extraction was done on five blackfish species from Harapan Rainforest Jambi, namely Nandus nebulosus, Pristolepis grootii, Trichopodus leerii, Channa striata and Channa micropeltes. As a comparison, we used stress intolerance fish (whitefish) from Harapan Rainforest Jambi, i.e., Balantiocheilos melanopterus and Hemibagrus nemurus from the gene-bank NCBI with acession number KT001040,1. DNA Extraction was performed according to Quick-Star Tissue Protocol from Qiagen. COI gene amplification with modification at denaturation and anneling temperatures. Visualization DNA band using a horizontal electrophoresis machine from Bio Rad. Sequencing DNA send to 1st Base Malaysia. DNA sequence used Biodit and MEGA X software. The alignment of the DNA bands in MEGA X produces DNA sequence along 588 bp, where 350 bp conserve and 238 bp variable sites. The composition of the base nucleotides were (T/U) =29%, C=28.6%, A=25%, and G=17.3%. The closest genetic distance was between Channa striata and Channa micropeltes (0.190)  and the farthest was found on  Nandus nebulosus and  Hemibagrus nemurus (0.303). The phylogeny tree shows that the blackfishes are separated from whitefishes. The group of blackfish is divided into Channidae group (Channa striata, Channa micropeltes) and non-Channidae group (Nandus nebulosus, Trichopodus leerii, Pristolepis grootii)

Improving the accuracy of land cover classification in cloud persistent areas using optical and radar satellite image time series

International audienceThe recent availability of high spatial and temporal resolution optical and radar satellite imagery has dramatically increased opportunities for mapping land cover at fine scales. Fusion of optical and radar images has been found useful in tropical areas affected by cloud cover because of their complementarity. However, the multitemporal dimension these data now offer is often neglected because these areas are primarily characterized by relatively low levels of seasonality and because the consideration of multitemporal data requires more processing time. Hence, land cover mapping in these regions is often based on imagery acquired for a single date or on an average of multiple dates. The aim of this work is to assess the added value brought by the temporal dimension of optical and radar time series when mapping land cover in tropical environments. Specifically, we compared the accuracies of classifications based on (a) optical time series, (b) their temporal average, (c) radar time series, (d) their temporal average, (e) a combination of optical and radar time series and (f) a combination of their temporal averages for mapping land cover in Jambi province, Indonesia, using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 imagery. Using the full information contained in the time series resulted in significantly higher classification accuracies than using temporal averages (+14.7% for Sentinel-1, +2.5% for Sentinel-2 and +2% combining Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2). Overall, combining Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 time series provided the highest accuracies (Kappa = 88.5%). Our study demonstrates that preserving the temporal information provided by satellite image time series can significantly improve land cover classifications in tropical biodiversity hotspots, improving our capacity to monitor ecosystems of high conservation relevance such as peatlands. The proposed method is reproducible, automated and based on open-source tools satellite imagery

No evidence for trade-offs between bird diversity, yield and water table depth on oil palm smallholdings: Implications for tropical peatland landscape restoration

Abstract Tropical peat swamp forests retain large carbon stocks and support unique biodiversity, but clearance and drainage for agriculture have resulted in fires, carbon emissions and biodiversity losses. Initiatives to re‐wet cultivated peatlands may benefit biodiversity if this protects remaining forests from fire and agricultural encroachment, but there are concerns that re‐wetting could reduce yields and damage livelihoods, as relationships between drainage, on‐farm biodiversity, and crop yields have not been studied. We examined oil palm fruit yields and bird diversity on 41 smallholder farms in Jambi (Sumatra, Indonesia), which varied in drainage intensity (12‐month mean water table per plot from August 2018 to August 2019: −52 to −3 cm below‐ground). We also compared farm bird diversity with a neighbouring area of protected peat swamp forest (11,000 ha, 21 plots; mean water table per plot −3 to +15 cm). Bird species richness (3–18 species per plot), species composition and oil palm yields (4.5–19.2 t fresh fruit bunch ha−1 year−1) varied among farms, but were not detectably affected by water table depth, although ground‐level vegetation was more complex on wetter farms. Bird richness in oil palm (mean = 10.3 species per plot) was &lt;50% of that in forest (26 species per plot), and only 3 of 35 conservation‐priority species found in forest were recorded in oil palm. Synthesis and applications. Tropical peatlands in Indonesia have been drained to allow farmer access and improve farm yields, but we found no trade‐offs between drainage depth, yields and bird diversity on smallholder oil palm farms in our study landscape within the studied range of drainage depths. Current restoration initiatives to re‐wet peat may benefit farmers by reducing fire risk, without affecting yields. Wetter farms had increased understorey vegetation complexity, but this did not affect bird diversity, so we find no evidence that re‐wetting improves on‐farm biodiversity. However, on‐farm fire reduction efforts in cultivated peatlands, including re‐wetting, will be vital for reducing the risk of fires escaping into nearby forests, which contain unique and diverse bird species assemblages. Protection of remaining peatland forests from fire and clearance is key for biodiversity conservation, and for providing a source of seed dispersers and genetic material for future forest and landscape restoration efforts. Restoration of more biodiversity‐friendly land covers will improve landscape permeability and help conserve species and the ecosystem services they deliver. </jats:p