<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-GB">Microsatellite marker based assessment of genetic structure of Coimbatore breed of sheep (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Ovis aries</i>) in Tamil Nadu </span>

203-206Coimbatore sheep, popularly known as Kurumbai Adu or <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Coimbatore Kurumbai, produce coarse carpet wool in addition to their use mainly as meat animal. In the present study, a total of 24 microsatellite primer sets were utilized to characterize the Coimbatore sheep. The number of alleles ranged from 2 (CSSM47, CSSM31 & MAF214) to 10 (OarHH47 & OarHH35) with a mean of 5.58±0.50 across all loci. The alleles were distributed at frequencies between 0.1951 (141 bp allele in OarHH47 locus) and 0.9375 (132 bp allele in OarHH64 locus). The size of alleles ranged from 82 (OarCP49) to 279 bp (HSC). The mean polymorphism information content (PIC) value was 0.5851±0.04. The results of the chi-square test of goodness of fit revealed that the opulation was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) proportions in 12 microsatellite loci and the remaining 13 loci departed from HWE. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.0625 to 0.9767 with a mean value of 0.6255±0.05, while the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.1187 to 0.8703 with a mean of 0.6298±0.04. Majority of loci (15 out of 24 loci) showed inbreeding, as reflected by the positive FIS values. The markers used in the study were found to be highly informative and explored high genetic variation in the population, which could be exploited for their improvement.<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"> </span

Experimental investigation of pomegranate oil methyl ester in ceramic coated engine at different operating condition in direct injection diesel engine with energy and exergy analysis

Azad, M ORCiD: 0000-0001-8258-6057The present work give emphasis to investigate the exergy and energy analysis of 20% pomegranate seed oil methyl ester with engine operating parameters modification at thermally coated engine. The present work intends to find the optimum engine operating parameters in ceramic coated diesel engine. The engine was initiated with diesel as a working fuel. Followed by, the conventional engine was allowed to work with pomegranate seed oil methyl ester at standard compression ratio, injection timing and injection pressure. The engine operating conditions were altered in 5.2 kW, 1500 rpm, single cylinder water-cooled direct injection engine. In order to utilize the available heat energy, the combustion chamber components were coated with Yttria Stabilized Zirconia. An attempt has been made to use biodiesel sample at varying compression ratio, injection pressure and injection timing by retarding and advancing the standard condition in both conventional engine and thermal barrier coated engine. The variables determined were energy and exergy prospective of cooling water, combustion, fuel input, performance, shaft work and emission characteristics and second law efficiency. From the results, it was observed that the biodiesel sample showed significant engine characteristics at high compression ratio, injection pressure and injection timing in thermally coated engine. In addition, the aforesaid combination offered a considerable performance in thermodynamic analysis of biodiesel sample in both conventional engine and thermal barrier coated engine. The practice of using pomegranate seed oil methyl ester (B20) with engine operating parameters modification in Yttria Stabilized Zirconia coated engine may be considered as the advantageous approach to achieve better engine characteristics

Experimental investigation of ternary biodiesel blends combustion in a diesel engine to reduce emissions

The study presents an experimental investigation of two new ternary biodiesel blends, namely, ManCr_Pa (a mixture of Mandarin, Crambe biodiesel and paraffin as an additive) and AvBn_Pa (mix of Avocado, Bush nut biodiesel and paraffin) by modifying the critical fuel properties closer to the diesel fuel. Those ternary blends' performance, emission and combustion characteristics were compared with diesel and typical B5 blends at the same engine conditions. The result reveals that at high engine rpm, the new ternary biodiesel blends exhibited nearly similar engine performance to that of diesel fuel with a significant reduction of carbon monoxide (33.3%), hydrocarbons (33.3 to 73.3%) and particulate matter (17.8 to 28.8%). For instance, brake power (BP), brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) slightly decreased by 0.25 to 0.38, 0.27 to 0.42 and 0.04%, respectively, whereas brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) slightly increased by 0.52%. The ternary blends also demonstrated closer combustion behaviour, i.e. heat release rate (HRR) with diesel at full load conditions. Compared with the typical B5 blend, the modified ternary biodiesel blends showed better engine performance with a substantial reduction of emissions. Interestingly, the ternary blends exhibited lower NOx emissions than the B5 blend. The study concluded that the newly developed ternary biodiesel blends are superior to ordinary B5 blends and closely performing fuel to standard diesel. The results of this study have important implications for using these new blends as substitutes for diesel while realising similar benefits

Experimental investigation of pomegranate oil methyl ester in ceramic coated engine at different operating condition in direct injection diesel engine with energy and exergy analysis

The present work give emphasis to investigate the exergy and energy analysis of 20% pomegranate seed oil methyl ester with engine operating parameters modification at thermally coated engine. The present work intends to find the optimum engine operating parameters in ceramic coated diesel engine. The engine was initiated with diesel as a working fuel. Followed by, the conventional engine was allowed to work with pomegranate seed oil methyl ester at standard compression ratio, injection timing and injection pressure. The engine operating conditions were altered in 5.2 kW, 1500 rpm, single cylinder water-cooled direct injection engine. In order to utilize the available heat energy, the combustion chamber components were coated with Yttria Stabilized Zirconia. An attempt has been made to use biodiesel sample at varying compression ratio, injection pressure and injection timing by retarding and advancing the standard condition in both conventional engine and thermal barrier coated engine. The variables determined were energy and exergy prospective of cooling water, combustion, fuel input, performance, shaft work and emission characteristics and second law efficiency. From the results, it was observed that the biodiesel sample showed significant engine characteristics at high compression ratio, injection pressure and injection timing in thermally coated engine. In addition, the aforesaid combination offered a considerable performance in thermodynamic analysis of biodiesel sample in both conventional engine and thermal barrier coated engine. The practice of using pomegranate seed oil methyl ester (B20) with engine operating parameters modification in Yttria Stabilized Zirconia coated engine may be considered as the advantageous approach to achieve better engine characteristics

Simultaneous reduction of NOx and smoke emissions with low viscous biofuel in low heat rejection engine using selective catalytic reduction technique

The present work offered a comprehensive investigation on engine characteristics of single cylinder Direct Injection (DI) diesel engine fuelled with Lemon oil (LO) biofuel. LO was obtained from the peels of lemon using steam distillation process. The physio-chemical properties of LO were analysed based ASTM biodiesel standard and compared with diesel. The chemical composition of LO was observed with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). In-order to enhance the properties of LO, a cetane enhancer namely Pyrogallol (PY) was added. The engine combustion chamber components namely piston head, cylinder head and intake and exhaust valves were thermally coated with Partially Stabilized Zirconia (PSZ) which converted the conventional engine into low heat rejection engine. In the PSZ coated engine, enhanced performance and combustion characteristics were observed with LO and PY blend. Declined carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and smoke emissions were observed with LO and PY blend in coated engine. Further, the work was extended with the application of Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and Catalytic Converter (CC) as post treatment system for the reduction of NOx emission. With post treatment, LO and pyrogallol in PSZ coated engine showed lower NOx emission than diesel and LO. Consequently, LO and pyrogallol in PSZ coated engine with post treatment was considered as more advantageous than other fuel samples on account of its performance, combustion and emission characteristics. © 2019 Elsevier Lt

Multi-functional fuel additive as a combustion catalyst for diesel and biodiesel in CI engine characteristics

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd The present research work aims at investigating the effect of newly developed multifunctional additive with diesel and Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel on compression ignition engine characteristics. A newly developed hydrocarbon based multifunctional fuel additive named as “Thermol-D” which comprises of various ingredients at suitable composition like surfactant, demulsifier, lubricity enhancer, dispersant, cetane improver, antioxidant and combustion catalyst. In this present study, the Thermol-D has been doped with conventional diesel and Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel at 0.5 ml, 1 ml and 2 ml concentrations. Moreover, the Thermol-D addition with diesel and biodiesel has shown remarkable stability at all concentrations without any phase separation issues. All the fuel comparative analysis is carried out using all the fuel samples at same operating conditions under load variation from No load to full load at constant engine speed. It has been noticed that the doping of Thermol-D with diesel and biodiesel has increased the brake thermal efficiency by 21% and 43% at 100% loading conditions due to the presence of combustion catalyst and cetane improver in the additive. The multifunctional additive presence in the fuel blends is reduced the carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions by 32–36% and 20% respectively. Furthermore, the oxides of nitrogen emission has also reduced at significant rate in the range of 18–20.5% for 2% Thermol-D addition with diesel and biodiesel. The Thermol-D contains slight fraction of antioxidant and cetane improvers which has resulted in combustion temperature. All the combustion characteristics are improved by the addition of Thermol-D with diesel and biodiesel