Flora da Bahia: Hypoxidaceae

The taxonomic treatment of the Hypoxidaceae from Bahia, Brazil, is presented here. Hypoxis decumbens is the only species found in the state. Descriptions, illustrations, comments and a geographic distribution map of the species in Bahia are presented.É apresentado aqui o tratamento taxonômico das Hypoxidaceae da Bahia, Brasil. Hypoxis decumbens é única espécie encontrada no Estado. A Flora consiste de descrições, ilustrações, comentários e um mapa de distribuição geográfica da espécie na Bahia

Flora da Bahia: Eugenia sect. Eugenia (Myrtaceae)

The flora of Eugenia sect. Eugenia from the state of Bahia, Brazil, is presented. Seventeen species are recognized; an identification key, descriptions, illustrations, comments and maps of their geographic distribution in the state are provided.É apresentada a flora de Eugenia sect. Eugenia para o estado da Bahia. São reconhecidas 17 espécies; é apresentada uma chave de identificação, bem como descrições, ilustrações, comentários e mapas de distribuição geográfica das espécies no estado

Perfil glícídico dos estudantes de uma escola pública de São Luís/Ma e sua relação com seus hábitos alimentares / Profile of students of a public school of São Luís/Ma and its relationship with their eating habits

A Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é uma doença caracterizada por alterações no metabolismo de carboidratos, lipídios e proteínas. Dois tipos principais são identificados clinicamente: DM1 e DM2. A tipo 1 geralmente aparece na infância ou na adolescência, mas não se limita a estes pacientes. A secreção de insulina é muito baixa devido ao funcionamento defeituoso das células β do pâncreas que é o resultado de um processo autoimune. Neste caso vai haver ou destruição total das células β do pâncreas ou um mau funcionamento dessas células. A tipo 2 corresponde a 80-90% dos casos diagnosticados e geralmente ocorre em pessoas obesas de meia idade a idosas. Obesidade frequentemente precede este tipo de diabetes e é o principal fator contribuinte. Está associada ao estilo de vida contemporâneo, maus hábitos alimentares e falta de atividade física. Este trabalho objetivou fazer o levantamento do perfil glicídico dos alunos da Unidade Integrada Santa Tereza em São Luís/MA e estabelecer relação com seus hábitos alimentares, além de obter índice de massa corporal (IMC) dos estudantes; determinar a taxa de glicose no sangue dos estudantes e estimular a prática de atividades físicas e o uso de uma alimentação equilibrada. O questionário aplicado no estudo confirmou que os alunos não seguiam uma alimentação saudável, consumindo excesso de alimentos gordurosos, como frituras, salgadinhos e doces em geral, o que tem contribuído para o aumento significativo de sobrepeso e obesidade na infância e adolescência. Através de palestras e apresentações do teatro de fantoches, os alunos aprenderam de forma lúdica o que é DM, o que comer e evitar para prevenir e tratar a doença, como calcular IMC, a importância da atividade física no controle do peso e a importância de exame de glicemia para diagnóstico da doença. Em suma, o estudo confirmou que há correlação entre IMC e glicemia, ressaltando a importância de medidas preventivas para DM2 entre crianças e adolescentes, já que obesidade frequentemente precede este tipo de diabetes.

Phenodynamics of five orchids species growing on rock outcrops in the Chapada Diamantina Mountains in northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT We evaluated the vegetative and reproductive phenological patterns of the orchids Cattleya elongata, Cyrtopodium aliciae, Epidendrum orchidiflorum, Epistephium lucidum, and Sobralia liliastrum (Orchidaceae) growing on sandstone outcrops in the Chapada Diamantina Mountains in northeastern Brazil. Phenological events were associated with abiotic factors, leaf longevity, life form, plant growth pattern, and pollination syndrome. Phenological observations were made for 18 months and followed the phenophases of: stem/pseudobulb emission, leaf flush, leaf fall, flowering, immature fruit and mature fruit. Seasonality, synchrony, and correlations between phenophases and environmental variables were tested. The orchid species demonstrated aseasonal vegetative phenologies, except for pseudobulb emission. Reproductive events were seasonal, except for flowering in E. orchidiflorum. There was high flowering overlap between the species pairs S. liliastrum and C. aliciae (dry season) and C. elongata and E. lucidum (rainy season). Dispersal occurred during both the rainy and dry seasons. The vegetative phenophases exhibited low synchrony, and were related to certain morphofunctional characters (stems/pseudobulbs, CAM metabolism). The reproductive phenophases showed high synchrony consistent with the deceit pollination strategy usually associated with the group

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora