Kwashiorkor in the United States Secondary to a Rice Milk Diet

Kwashiorkor is a Ghanaian word that literally translates into the phrase “the disease of the disposed child.” It is a disease that is classical seen is an infant who was weaned form the breast milk when a new child is born. Kwashiorkor is characterized by symmetric pitting edema that begins in the lower extremities and spreads to the rest of the body as the disease progressively worsens. Other symptoms include hepatomegaly, thin peeling skin with hyperkeratosis, hyperpigmentation and bradycardia with hypotension. The major pathological insult sustained in Kwashiorkor is believed to be a dietary lack of protein. Lack of dietary proteins leads to decrease albumin and lipoprotein synthesis, causing the characteristic signs of edema and fatty liver that are seen in the disease

New librarians and scholarly communication

Journal ArticleIncluded in the mission statement of many academic libraries is a phrase similar to this: "The library supports the research and instruction of the university." Scholarly communication is essential to this mission and it is critical that the problem of the lack of resources and access to scholarship be solved

Diversity and Inclusion Toolbox: Action Items for the Nonprofit Sector

There is a critical lack of diversity in leadership, particularly African-American women, across all sectors. Given that the nonprofit sector is an integral part of the social system, it makes sense to have leaders that reflect the social fabric of the United States. Diversifying the nonprofit work is an important goal, not only given underrepresentation but also because of looming population shifts. This paper builds on previous mixed methods research by the authors by adding concrete implications and action points to increase diversity and inclusion

Nusing Students\u27 Response to Alarms: Does Alarm Fatigue Start in Nursing School

Background: Alarm fatigue among Registered Nurses in the workforce is well documented in the literature and a high priority safety issue. Little research has been conducted in regards to nursing students and alarm sensitivity. Objectives: The aim of this study were to explore if alarm fatigue can develop in nursing students from the first clinical exposure to the acute care environment to the last clinical exposure in the acute care clinical environment with a comparison of each semester and if previous healthcare work history increases alarm fatigue. Design: This study used a longitudinal quantitative survey design. Participants: Surveys were administered to a cohort enrolled in the second semester of a Bachelor’s of Nursing program at a university in the United States (n = 89). The data for this study was collected during the beginning of each semester and at the end of each semester. Methods: Nursing students completed a self-reporting three area survey using a five question Likert scale consisting of common alarm noises in the acute care environment at six different time periods. Parametric tests were used to explore the comparison points. Reliability analysis was used to validate the assessment tool. Results: The data showed the results were significant F (5, 375) =3.291; p =.006 indicating a general decrease in sensitivity across the six time periods for intravenous pump alarms. The selfreporting survey had an overall reliability of Alpha = .677. Conclusion: The aim of this study was to explore if alarm fatigue develops in nursing school. The results show that IV pump alarm fatigue develops in nursing school. This particular cohort revealed alarm fatigue to IV pump alarms. Nursing curricula need to focus not only on the use of IV pumps but how to prevent and address alarms. Keywords: alarm fatigue; nursing students; sensitivity; noise; clinical alarm

Daily Sleep Quality is Associated with Daily Cognition in Late-Life

Background: Older adults often face sleep disturbance or cognitive decline that goes beyond the scope of normal aging. The present study examined the relationship between self-reported sleep quality and self-reported daytime attention in a community-dwelling sample of older men at the between-persons and within-persons levels of association. Methods: Thirty-eight participants (M age =75.36 years, SD age =7.51 years, range=66-90 years) completed a twice-daily sleep diary for one week. Sleep quality and attention were assessed using a single-item 0-10 rating scales from the morning diary (“How was the quality of your sleep last night?”) and from the evening diary (“How was your attention today?”). A two-level multilevel model was parameterized with days nested within individuals to examine whether nightly sleep quality predicts an individual’s daily attention rating. Results: A multilevel model predicting self-reported attention revealed (1) older individuals who reported better sleep quality reported having better daily attention [Beta=0.64, t(248.15)=10.12, p\u3c0.001] and (2) following a day of above-average sleep quality, older individuals experienced above-average attention [Beta=0.16, t(259.79)=2.75, p=.006]. Conclusion: Not only was overall sleep quality associated with self-reported attention, but a good night\u27s sleep was associated with better self-reported next-day attention. Results point to the potential importance of fluctuations in sleep quality for daytime functioning. Interventions aimed at improving nightly sleep consistency may be worth exploring as methods to improve daytime cognitive functioning in older adults. Support: This work was supported by the Sleep Research Society Foundation/Jazz Pharmaceuticals (001JP13, PI: Dzierzewski) and by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number K23AG049955 (PI: Dzierzewski), and National Heart Lung and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health under award number K24HL143055 (PI: Martin). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the Department of Veterans Affairs.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/gradposters/1089/thumbnail.jp

Cocoa and health: a decade of research

It has been over 10 years since the first mention in a medical journal about cocoa and chocolate as potential sources of antioxidants for health. During this time, cocoa has been found to improve antioxidant status, reduce inflammation and correlate with reduced heart disease risk; with these results, and its popularity, it has received wide coverage in the press. However, after 10 years of research, what is known about the potential health benefits of cocoa and what are the important next steps in understanding this decadent source of antioxidants

Patients’ experiences of life after bariatric surgery and follow-up care:A qualitative study

ObjectivesBariatric surgery is the most clinically effective treatment for people with severe and complex obesity, however, the psychosocial outcomes are less clear. Follow-up care after bariatric surgery is known to be important, but limited guidance exists on what this should entail, particularly related to psychological and social well-being. Patients’ perspectives are valuable to inform the design of follow-up care. This study investigated patients’ experiences of life after bariatric surgery including important aspects of follow-up care, in the long term.DesignA qualitative study using semistructured individual interviews. A constant comparative approach was used to code data and identify themes and overarching concepts.SettingBariatric surgery units of two publicly funded hospitals in the South of England.ParticipantsSeventeen adults (10 women) who underwent a primary operation for obesity (mean time since surgery 3.11 years, range 4 months to 9 years), including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, adjustable gastric band and sleeve gastrectomy, agreed to participate in the interviews.ResultsExperiences of adapting to life following surgery were characterised by the concepts of ‘normality’ and ‘ambivalence’, while experiences of ‘abandonment’ and ‘isolation’ dominated participants’ experiences of follow-up care. Patients highlighted the need for more flexible, longer-term follow-up care that addresses social and psychological difficulties postsurgery and integrates peer support.ConclusionsThis research highlights unmet patient need for more accessible and holistic follow-up care that addresses the long-term multidimensional impact of bariatric surgery. Future research should investigate effective and acceptable follow-up care packages for patients undergoing bariatric surgery

Head Start and child care providers’ motivators, barriers and facilitators to practicing family-style meal service

This paper presents a qualitative investigation of the motivators, barriers, and facilitators for practicing family-style meal service (FSMS) from the perspective of 18 child care providers serving preschool children in Head Start (HS), Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) funded, and non-CACFP child-care centers. Providers were selected based on maximum variation purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews were conducted until saturation was reached. Provider responses were systematically coded using thematic analysis. HS and CACFP providers reported being motivated to practice FSMS because it created pleasant mealtimes, opportunities to role model healthy eating, and healthful child development. CACFP and non-CACFP providers reported not using FSMS because it was resource intensive, messy, and seemed to violate CACFP policy. HS and CACFP providers offered suggestions to overcome these barriers. They suggested that FSMS eventually becomes easier with practice, children can self-regulate their energy intake, and teaching children self-help skills during play time can avoid messes during mealtimes. Findings from this study have implications for programming, policy, and research

Associations between the neighbourhood built environment and out of school physical activity and active travel : An examination from the Kids in the City study

This study's aim was to examine selected objectively-measured and child specific built environment attributes in relation to proportion of out-of-school time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (%MVPA) and active travel in a group of ethnically and socio-economically diverse children (n=236) living in Auckland, New Zealand. Street connectivity and distance to school were related to the proportion of trips made by active modes. Ratio of high speed to low speed roads and improved streetscape for active travel were related to %MVPA on weekdays only. Inconsistent results were found for destination accessibility. Local destinations (particularly schools) along a safe street network may be important for encouraging children's activity behaviours