The probable conclusion of İMKB's demutualization and its comparison with other stock exchanges demutualizations in the world

Değişen ve gelişen dünya koşulları beraberinde küreselleşmeyi, teknolojik gelişmeleri, iletişim ağlarının gelişmesini ve bilgi aktarım teknolojilerinin çok hızlı bir şekilde ilerlemesini sağlamıştır. Bu değişmelere bağlı olarak finansal piyasalar da hızlı bir şekilde değişmekte ve genişlemektedir. Bu gelişmeler sonucunda finansal piyasaların; ulusal müşteri anlayışı yerine uluslararası müşterileri hedef alan yeni yapılara geçmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında ulusal piyasaların yerine tüm dünya piyasalarına hitap edebilen (ve bu piyasalarla rekabet edebilen) global piyasalar yer almaya başlamıştır. Böylesine hızlı bir şekilde değişen ve rekabetin arttığı bir ortamda borsaların başarısı; bu değişmelere en hızlı şekilde uyum sağlamaya, müşteri memnuniyetini maksimum seviyede tutabilmeye ve müşteri odaklı çalışmalara bağlıdır. Bunlardan dolayı borsalar, varlıklarını sürdürebilmek için hızlı bir şekilde değişime uyum sağlayarak geleneksel yapılarından ve anlayışlarından sıyrılarak kâr amacı güden ve rekabetçi birer özel şirket haline gelmektedirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı, İstanbul Menkul Kıymetler Borsası'nın özelleştirilmesi sonucunda ortaya çıkmış veya çıkabilecek muhtemel sonuçları ortaya koymak ve geçmişte özelleşen diğer dünya borsaları ile karşılaştırmalı analizlerini yapmaktır.Changing and developing global circumstances have prepared a suitable stage for improvements on globalisation, technological enhancements, upragrading on communication lines and knowledge transformation technologies. Financial markets changed and expand rapidly depending on these developments. As a result of the improvements financial markets are required to switch to new structures which target international customers rather than national customer. When considered from this point of view, global markets which can meet demands of world markets replace national markets. The key to success of stock exchanges within rapidly changing and increasing competition depend on the fast adaptation to changes and having high level customer satisfaction, being customer oriented. Because of these, stock exchanges; in order survive, have to adapt to changes quickly, and become a profit oriented and competitive private company, moving away from their traditional structures and understandings. The purpose of this work is to put forth the results of privatisation in Borsa Istanbul and its implications and compare the findings with previously privatised other stock exchanges in the World

A distributed key establishment scheme for wireless mesh networks using identity-based cryptography

In this paper, we propose a secure and efficient key establishment scheme designed with respect to the unique requirements of Wireless Mesh Networks. Our security model is based on Identity-based key establishment scheme without the utilization of a trusted authority for private key operations. Rather, this task is performed by a collaboration of users; a threshold number of users come together in a coalition so that they generate the private key. We performed simulative performance evaluation in order to show the effect of both the network size and the threshold value. Results show a tradeoff between resiliency and efficiency: increasing the threshold value or the number of mesh nodes also increases the resiliency but negatively effects the efficiency. For threshold values smaller than 8 and for number of mesh nodes in between 40 and 100, at least 90% of the mesh nodes can compute their private keys within at most 70 seconds. On the other hand, at threshold value 8, an increase in the number of mesh nodes from 40 to 100 results in 25% increase in the rate of successful private key generations

Reference Breast Phantoms for Low-Cost Microwave Imaging

Microwave imaging provides an alternative method for breast cancer screening and the diagnosis of cerebrovascular accidents. Before a surgical operation, the performance of microwave imaging systems should be evaluated on anatomically detailed anthropomorphic phantoms. This paper puts forward the advances in the development of breast phantoms based on 3D printing structures filled with liquid solutions that mimic biological tissues in terms of complex permittivity in a wide microwave frequency band. In this paper; four different experimental scenarios were created, and measurements were performed, and although there are many vector network analyzers on the market, the miniVNA used in this study has been shown to have potential in many biomedical applications such as portable computer-based breast cancer detection studies. We especially investigated the reproducibility of a particular mixture and the ability of some mixes to mimic various breast tissues. Afterwards, the images similar to the experimentally created scenarios were obtained by implementing the inverse radon transform to the obtained data

Augmented intelligence in programming learning: Examining student views on the use of ChatGPT for programming learning

With the diversification of generative artificial intelligence (AI) applications, the interest in their use in every segment and field of society in recent years has been increasing rapidly. One of these areas is programming learning and program writing processes. One of the generative AI tools used for this purpose is ChatGPT. The use of ChatGPT in program writing processes has become widespread, and this tool has a certain potential in the programming process. However, when the literature is examined, research results related to using ChatGPT for this purpose have yet to be found. The existing literature has a gap that requires exploration. This study aims to analyze the students' perspectives on using ChatGPT in the field of programming and programming learning. The study encompassed a cohort of 41 undergraduate students enrolled in a public university's Computer Technology and Information Systems department. The research was carried out within the scope of the Object-Oriented Programming II course for eight weeks. Throughout the research process, students were given project assignments related to the course every week, and they were asked to use ChatGPT while solving them. The research data was collected using a form consisting of open-ended questions and analyzed through content analysis. The research findings revealed both the advantages and disadvantages of ChatGPT usage, as perceived by the students. The students stated that the main benefits of using ChatGPT in programming learning are providing fast and mostly correct answers to questions, improving thinking skills, facilitating debugging, and increasing self-confidence. On the other hand, the main limitations of using ChatGPT in programming education were getting students used to laziness, being unable to answer some questions, or giving incomplete/incorrect answers, causing professional anxiety in students. Based on the results of the research, it can be said that it would be useful to integrate generative AI tools into programming courses considering the advantages they provide in programming teaching. However, appropriate measures should be taken regarding the limitations it brings. Based on the research findings, several recommendations were proposed regarding the integration of ChatGPT into lessons

A key establishment scheme for wireless mesh networks using identity-based cryptography and threshold secret sharing

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are an emerging research area that provide low-cost and high-speed network services for the end users. Key establishment, on the other hand, is the most important and critical security concern for WMNs as all the other types of wireless networks. However, the conventional solutions for key establishment do not fit in the unique constraints and requirements of WMNs. In this thesis, we propose two efficient and secure key establishment protocols elaborated at the sake of WMNs. Our security model is based on Identity-based Cryptography (IBC) and Threshold Secret Sharing (ThSS). By the utilization of IBC, we eliminate the necessity of certificates used in infrastructure based schemes along with meeting the security requirements. With the utilization of ThSS, we provide a more resilient network working in a self-organizing way to provide the key establishment service, without the assumption of a trusted authority. In the schemes we propose, master private key of the network is distributed among the mesh nodes. The user private key generation service is handled with collaboration of k mesh nodes, where k is the threshold value. A high threshold value increases the resiliency of the network against attacks; however, this negatively affects the system performance. We performed simulative performance evaluation in order to show the effect of both the number of mesh nodes in the network and the threshold value k on the performance. For the threshold values smaller than 8, at least 90% of the mesh nodes compute their private keys within at most 70 seconds. When we increase the number of mesh nodes in the network from 40 to 100, the rate of successful private key generations increase from 75% to 100% at the threshold value 8 where the latency of the key establishment is around 80 seconds. Considering the same increase in the number of mesh nodes, network performs up to 42% better at worst case, for the threshold values larger than 8, and the latency becomes at most 90 seconds on the average

Tefsirlerde Rivâyet Ve Dirâyet Ayrımının Objektifliği Sorunsalı

Ekseriyetle tefsirler, rivâyet ve dirâyet olmak üzere ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Lakin hemen hemen her rivâyet tefsirinde dirâyetin, her dirâyet tefsirinde de rivâyetin öğelerinin bulunduğu görülmektedir. Bu tespitlere rağmen tefsirlerin, rivâyet ve dirâyet şeklinde iki türü bulunmaktadır. Bu kategorizenin ne kadar sahih olduğu tartışılmalıdır. Tefsirlerin rivâyet ve dirâyet şeklinde tasnif edilmesi, birçok problemi de gün yüzüne çıkarmaktadır. Nitekim yapılan bu ayrım, tefsir okuyucularının zihinlerini olayları tek taraflı değerlendirmeye sevk etmekte, tefsir tarihine bütüncül bakışı engellemekte konu hakkında gelen mevcut görüşlerin farklı yönlerinin görülmesine ket vurmaktadır. Tefsir kitaplarının dirâyet ve rivâyet metotlarına dayanarak ikiye ayrılması konusu tamamen spesifiktir. Bu M. Hüseyin Zehebî'den sonra gündeme gelmiş ve yaygınlaşma noktasında taban bulmuştur. Rivâyet tefsirinin dirâyet tefsirinden tamamen bağımsız bir tefsir çeşidi olarak değerlendirilmesi ilmî kriterler yönünden isabetli bulunmamaktadır. Ne tam bir rivâyet tefsirinin dirâyetten ve ne de dirâyet tefsirinin rivâyetten uzak ve bağımsız olması mümkün değildir. Her iki tefsir türünün içiçe olduğunu ve birbirini tamamladığını söylemek mümkündür. Bu makalede tefsirlerde rivâyet ve dirâyet ayrımı yapılırken ortaya konan ölçütlerin objektif olmadığına, ayrıca bu temel ölçütlerin ayrım noktasında pratiğe yansıtılmasının tam anlamı ile gerçekleşmediğine vurgu yapılmıştır

Metin-yorum ilişkisi ve sebeb-i nüzul bilgisi bağlamında Arâf suresi 31. ayet

Kur’ân, nâzil olduğundan günümüze gelinceye kadar onu anlama ve yorumlama çabaları devamlılık arzetmektedir. Doğru anlama ve yorumlamanın gerçekleşmesinde birçok farklı yöntem ve yönelişlerin varlığı da bilinmektedir. Doğru anlamayı gerçekleştirebilmek için erken dönemlerden itibaren yöntemler oluşturulmuş ve sonraki süreçlerde bu usûller gittikçe geliştirilmiştir. Bu usûllerin başında, Kur'ân’ın nüzûl ortamının temel ögelerinden biri olan esbâb-ı nüzûl bilgisi gelmektedir. Makalede ilk önce, bir metnin nesnel, doğru ve gerçek anlamı belirlenmiş, temel ilkelere temas edilmiş ve ardından A’raf Sûresinin 31. âyeti değerlendirilmiştir. Daha sonra mezkûr âyetin inzâl ediliş sebebi ve âyetin nasıl anlaşılması gerektiği ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çerçevede herhangi bir hâdise veya sual üzerine nâzil olan âyet-i kerimelerin anlaşılmasında lafızların umûm manalarının mı yoksa sebeb-i nüzûlün mü belirleyici olduğu konusuna cevap aranmış, âlimler tarafından bu durum tartışılmış, usûlcülerin ve tefsircilerin kâhir ekseriyeti âyetlerin anlamlarını tespit ederken lafızların umûm manasına itibar etmişler; bazı âlimler ise âyete verilecek anlamları sebeb-i nüzûl rivâyetleri çerçevesinde sınırlamışlardır

Discouraged workers and the dominance of added worker effect : "the case of Turkey"

Ankara : The Department of Economics, Bilkent University, 2009.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 2009.Includes bibliographical references leaves 103-104.This thesis includes two different studies. In the first chapter, we examine how socioeconomic factors affect the probability of being discouraged for the individuals who do not have a regular job. We find that the factors such as gender, age, marital status, education level, previous work experience, living in urban or rural areas, and Gross Domestic Product per capita level of the region that the individual lives have significant impact on the decision of the individual for leaving the labor force or not. Moreover, the reason of unemployment and the duration of unemployment of the individual who has previous work experience also affect this decision significantly. In the second chapter, we examine the dominance of Added Worker Effect for Turkey. We show that Added Worker Effect is significantly dominant over Discouraged Worker Effect. We also find that, in Turkey, motherhood is an obstacle for married women to participate in labor force. Finally, we conclude that Added Worker Effect is not a completely consequence of the economic crisis in Turkey. Both the income loss of the household head and the risk that household leader may loose his job drive married women into labor force more and cause them to work for more hours.Karaoğlan, Hanife DenizM.S

THE EXPECTED IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON GRAPE FLAVOR COMPONENTS – A REVIEW–

Today, the vast majority of the scientific community admits the reality of climate change. Climate change in the Mediterranean region is associated with increased temperature and atmospheric dioxide and drought. Viticulture is one agricultural sector that has a very close association with climate because the production of fine wine is strongly related with the concept of ‘terroir’. The general composition, aroma and phenolic compounds that make up the flavor will be affected by this change. These important factors which strongly affects sensory characteristics of grapes and wines are playing a fundamental role in consumer preferences. The shift in climate and the resulting changes to weather patterns and carbon dioxide levels may cause shifts to grape chemistry and the resulting quality of wine. This study provide some examples of effects of climate change and growing conditions on grape and consequently wine quality characterstics expressed as flavors