Зіставний аналіз загальнонаукової лексики в сучасній англійській та українській мовах (на матеріалі статей з лінгвістики) (Contrastive analysis of academic vocabulary in modern english and ukrainian languages (based on articles on linguistics)

У дослідженні висвітлено специфіку вживання академічної лексики у науковому тексті англійською та українською мовами. Запропоновано визначення поняття загальнонаукової (академічної) лексики та визначено її одиниці. Здійснено їхній поділ на дієслова, словосполучення, засоби логічної зв’язності, а також вирази та скорочення латинського походження на основі класифікації, запропонованої українською дослідницею-германістом Т.В.Яхонтовою. Саме зіставне дослідження та окреслення академічної (загальнонаукової) лексики як окремого шару лексики в українській лексикології складає наукову новизну запропонованої розвідки. Вперше також здійснено зіставну класифікацію загальнонаукової лексики відповідно до «концептуальних полів» та отримано відсоткові співвідношення функціонування загальнонаукової лексики на кожному з етапів наукової розвідки. (The presented research focuses upon the study of academic vocabulary and suggests the definition of this notion referring to a significant layer of modern scientific style. Therefore, the object of research is academic vocabulary employed in the articles on linguistics written by English- as well as Ukrainian-speaking authors; the subject of research are semantic and functional peculiarities of the studied units respectively. The article presents the theoretical principles of the academic vocabulary functioning in the scientific text, defined by foreign researchers (M. McCarthy, F. Odell, M. Pakvort, S. Bailey. The classification, elaborated by the Ukrainian researcher T.V. Yakhontova, has been taken as the basis for this research. The sampled units have been classified into such types as verbs, collocations, logical connectors and Latin expressions; the frequency analysis has shown that verbs and collocations make up the biggest part of academic vocabulary, used to present research results. Subsequently, the selected units have been distributed among «conceptual fields», covering the stages of scientific research results presentation. The theoretical value of the research lies in defining the phenomenon of academic vocabulary in the Ukrainian language which makes up the scientific novelty of the research as well as its contrastive analysis with the corresponding lexical units in the English language, clarifying the peculiarities of their use in both languages, that will serve as a reliable basis for the further study of academic vocabulary.

О НОВЫХ ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКИХ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЯХ CD138 (СИНДЕКАНА-1) ПРИ МНОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ МИЕЛОМЕ

Syndecan-1 (CD138) is one of the main cell markers used in flow cytometric analysis of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. CD138 and several other markers – CD19, CD45, CD56 – which are often used in order to characterize MM and give the possibility to differentiate MM cells from the normal plasmocytes are described. Only CD138-expressing MM plasma cells are usually taken into account in MM analysis. The current literature data point out that CD138-negative MM plasma cells could be important for MM prognosis, as well. This cell population demonstrates certain properties that are typical to the cancer stem cells. CD138-negative cell population is characterized by higher proliferation, clonogenicity, engraftment in immunodeficient mice as compared to CD138 expressing plasma cells. Besides that, CD138-negative cells were more resistant than CD138-positive cells to the drugs that are used in MM chemotherapy. CD138-negative plasma cells are able to produce CD138 expressing cells upon a long-term culture in vitro and thus to reproduce the heterogenic in CD138 expression population of MM plasma cells. The results of these investigations, as well as statistical data indicating the worse overall survival of CD138 low expressing MM patients point out that CD138-negative population of MM plasma cells should be taken into consideration in MM analysis. Thus, it could be important to find the new markers distinguishing the plasma cell population differing in CD138 expression. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor VEGFR3 was found to be a new marker with such properties.Синдекан-1, или CD138, – один из основных маркеров, используемых при проточно-цитометрическом анализе плазматических клеток множественной миеломы (ММ). В обзоре приводятся сведения о CD138, а также о некоторых других часто применяемых для характеристики ММ маркерах – CD19, CD45, CD56, позволяющих отличать клетки ММ от нормальных плазмоцитов. При анализе ММ, как правило, учитывается только популяция плазмоцитов, экспрессирующая маркер CD138. Известные в настоящее время из литературы данные свидетельствуют о том, что популяция плазматических клеток миеломы, не экспрессирующих CD138 (CD138 –), не менее важна для оценки прогноза ММ. Эта популяция плазмоцитов проявляет некоторые свойства, которыми должны обладать стволовые опухолевые клетки. В популяции CD138 – клеток повышены индекс пролиферации, клоногенность, прививаемость иммунодефицитным мышам по сравнению с плазмоцитами, положительными по экспрессии этого маркера. Кроме того, негативные по экспрессии CD138 клетки оказались более устойчивы к действию ряда применяемых при лечении ММ химиопрепаратов, чем клетки, экспрессирующие этот маркер. Плазматические CD138 – клетки при культивировании in vitro способны продуцировать плазматические CD138+ клетки и таким образом воспроизводить гетерогенную по экспрессии CD138 популяцию клеток миеломы. Результаты проведенных исследований, а также статистические данные, указывающие на худшую выживаемость больных ММ со сниженным уровнем экспрессии CD138, свидетельствуют о необходимости учета популяции CD138 – плазмоцитов при анализе этого заболевания. Поэтому представляется важной задача поиска новых маркеров, позволяющих различать экспрессирующие CD138 популяции плазматических клеток ММ и плазмоциты, не экспрессирующие этот маркер. Одним из таких маркеров оказался рецептор фактора роста эндотелия сосудов VEGFR3

Unexpected role of sterol synthesis in RNA stability and translation in Leishmania

Leishmania parasites are trypanosomatid protozoans that cause leishmaniasis affecting millions of people worldwide. Sterols are important components of the plasma and organellar membranes. They also serve as precursors for the synthesis of signaling molecules. Unlike animals, Leishmania does not synthesize cholesterol but makes ergostane-based sterols instead. C-14-demethylase is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of sterols and an important drug target. In Leishmania parasites, the inactivation of C-14-demethylase leads to multiple defects, including increased plasma membrane fluidity, mitochondrion dysfunction, hypersensitivity to stress and reduced virulence. In this study, we revealed a novel role for sterol synthesis in the maintenance of RNA stability and translation. Sterol alteration in C-14-demethylase knockout mutant leads to increased RNA degradation, reduced translation and impaired heat shock response. Thus, sterol biosynthesis in Leishmania plays an unexpected role in global gene regulation

Somatic Mosaicism in Cases with Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosomes

Somatic mosaicism is something that is observed in everyday lives of cytogeneticists. Chromosome instability is one of the leading causes of large-scale genome variation analyzable since the correct human chromosome number was established in 1956. Somatic mosaicism is also a well-known fact to be present in cases with small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC), i.e. karyotypes of 47,+mar/46. In this study, the data available in the literature were collected concerning the frequency mosaicism in different subgroups of patients with sSMC. Of 3124 cases with sSMC 1626 (52%) present with somatic mosaicism. Some groups like patients with Emanuel-, cat-eye- or i(18p)- syndrome only tend rarely to develop mosaicism, while in Pallister-Killian syndrome every patient is mosaic. In general, acrocentric and non-acrocentric derived sSMCs are differently susceptible to mosaicism; non-acrocentric derived ones are hereby the less stable ones. Even though, in the overwhelming majority of the cases, somatic mosaicism does not have any detectable clinical effects, there are rare cases with altered clinical outcomes due to mosaicism. This is extremely important for prenatal genetic counseling. Overall, as mosaicism is something to be considered in at least every second sSMC case, array-CGH studies cannot be offered as a screening test to reliably detect this kind of chromosomal aberration, as low level mosaic cases and cryptic mosaics are missed by that

Erratum in "Point-of-Care Blood Glucose Testing: Post-Market Performance Assessment of the Accu-Chek Inform II Hospital-Use Glucose Meter" (DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2023.12.202522)

In the article "Point-of-care blood glucose testing: post-market performance assessment of the Accu-Chek Inform II hospital-use glucose meter," published in the Terapevticheskii Arkhiv journal, Vol. 95, No.12, 2023 (DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2023.12.202522), errors were made: the term "measurements at the place of treatment" was changed, as well as the section "Conflict of interest." At the request of the authors' team, errors in the conflict of interest and the wording of the term have been corrected, and the section "Information about the authors" has been updated. The publisher replaced the original version of the published article with the corrected one; the information on the website was also corrected. Correct text of the section "Conflict of interest": Conflict of interest. All authors are not employees or consultants of Roche Diagnostics and have not received any compensation from Roche Diagnostics. Correct wording of the term in Russian: "измерения по месту лечения". Changes were made to the title of the article in Russian: "Измерения глюкозы по месту лечения: пострегистрационное испытание госпитального глюкометра Акку-Чек Информ II", the text of the abstract, keywords, citation, in the text of the article, and abbreviations. Information of the place of work has been updated: Center for Laboratory Diagnostics of the Russian Children Clinical Hospital, a Branch of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University. The publisher apologizes to readers and authors for the errors and is confident that the correction of errors will ensure the correct perception and interpretation of the results of the study described in the text