15 research outputs found

    Effets Antihypertensifs Des Extraits Aqueux Et Éthanolique Des Graines FermentĂ©es De Parkia Biglobosa (Mimosaceae) Chez Les Rats

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    High blood pressure is a major cardiovascular risk factor in the occurrence of stroke, heart failure, kidney failure, and coronary heart disease. They are regarded as the leading causes of death worldwide. The aim of this study was to provide a scientific and pharmacological basis for the traditional use of Parkia biglobosa in the traditional treatment of arterial hypertension. Here, we first looked for certain mineral elements in the fermented seeds of P. biglobosa "soumara". Subsequently, we evaluated the hypotensive and antihypertensive effects of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts from these fermented seeds of P. biglobosa in normotensive and hypertensive rats. The cardiovascular parameters studied were systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR). The results showed that "soumara" is rich in calcium, potassium and magnesium, but low in sodium. Also, plant extracts at doses between 1000 and 2000 mg / kg bw induced a dose-dependent decrease in cardiovascular parameters in healthy rats. The treatment of rats made hypertensive with adrenaline by the ethanolic extract at a dose of 1500 mg / kg bw induced a dose-dependent decrease in cardiovascular parameters until normalization. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of “soumara” acted in the same way as NifĂ©dipineÂź, which is a calcium channel blocker

    Aspects macroscopiques de la reproduction de Engraulis encrasicolus (Pisces, Engraulidae) sur le littoral-ouest de la Cîte d’Ivoire

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    Les aspects macroscopiques de la reproduction de l’anchois Engraulis encrasicolus ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s de janvier 2014 Ă  dĂ©cembre 2014. Les spĂ©cimens proviennent de la pĂȘche artisanale le long du littoral-ouest de la CĂŽte d’Ivoire. Les Ă©chantillonnages ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s avec les sennes de plage et les sennes tournantes coulissantes dont la hauteur de chute est de 6 Ă  10 m de profondeur. L’analyse de la sex-ratio globale indique que les mĂąles sont plus nombreux que les femelles (1:0,8 en faveur des mĂąles). L’analyse macroscopique des gonades a montrĂ© que l’espĂšce a une activitĂ© de reproduction qui s’étend du mois de novembre au mois d’aoĂ»t. Toutefois deux principales saisons de ponte ont Ă©tĂ© constatĂ©es. La premiĂšre s’étend de mai Ă  aoĂ»t et la seconde de novembre Ă  janvier. La variation des valeurs moyennes mensuelles du RGS a ressorti deux pics d’évolution dont le premier en mai (5,0 ± 0,9%) et le second en octobre (2,8 ± 0,5%).La taille de premiĂšre maturitĂ© sexuelle est de 74,8 mm chez les mĂąles et 83,2 mm chez les femelles. La fĂ©conditĂ© absolue moyenne a Ă©tĂ© de 17 322 ± 4146 ovocytes. La fĂ©conditĂ© relative moyenne des femelles Ă©tudiĂ©es est Ă©gale Ă  2234 ± 845 ovocytes par gramme de poids corporel.Mots-clĂ©s: engraulidae, Engraulis encrasicolus, sex-ratio, gonade, maturitĂ© sexuelle, fĂ©conditĂ©, reproduction, CĂŽte d’Ivoire. Macroscopic aspects of reproduction of Engraulis encrasicolus (Engraulidae) from artisanal fishing in western coast of Ivory CoastMacroscopic aspects of the cycle of reproduction of the anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus were studied from january 2014 to december 2014 along the western coast of Ivory Coast. Specimens were caught with seines of beach and the purse seines sliding in the depths from 6 to10 m resulting from artisanal fishing. Sex ratio for all fishes (1:0.8) was in favour of the males. The main breeding season was determined from november to august with two mains spawning periods (may-august and november-january) in which females produced more oocyts. The gonado-somatic index, was presented two maximum values (5 ± 0.9% and 2, 8 ± 0.5%) respectively during may and october. The size at the first sexual maturity (L50) was 74.8 mm for males and 83.2 mm for females. The means of absolute and relative fecundities are respectively 17 322 ± 4146 oocyts and Ă  2234 ± 845 oocyts per gram of body weight.Keywords : engraulidae, Engraulis encrasicolus, sex-ratio, gonad, sexual maturity, fecundity, reproduction, CĂŽte d’Ivoire

    Antibacterial Activity of 04 Medicinal Plant on the IN VITRO Growth of Multi-Resistant Strains Involved in Diarrhea in the Department of Kouto (Ivory Coast)

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    This work aims at evaluating in vitro the antibacterial effects of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of leaf macerates, Manilkara multinervis, Waltheria indica root bark, Securrinega virosa, and Anogeissus leiocarpa stem bark. These four medicinal plants are traditionally used to treat diarrhea in the canton of North-Niéné (Department of Kouto, CÎte d'Ivoire). The antibacterial activities of the various extracts from these plants were carried out on multi-resistant strains (Escherichia coli BLSE, Shigella flexneri BLSE, Staphylococcus aureus meti-R). The methodology consisted of extracting the drugs with a 70% hydroalcoholic solvent and distilled water. Agar diffusion and dilution methods were used for susceptibility testing and determination of CMI and CMB parameters. Agar diffusion and dilution methods were used. By the diffusion method, all four plants were found to be active on at least one of the bacteria tested. The ethanolic extract of M. Multinervis was the most active by inducing a diameter of 15 mm on the growth of S. aureus meti-R. As for the dilution method, the ethanolic extracts of W. indica and M. Multinervis showed bactericidal effects on both S. aureus at 6.25 mg/mL and 3.125 mg/mLrespectively as well as on all other 100 mg/mL germs. Only M. Multinervis recorded the highest activity. This important activity was demonstrated on S. aureus meti-R with a minimum bactericidal concentration of 3.125 mg/mL. These results confirm the traditional use of these plants in the management of diarrheal diseases in the Department of Kouto

    Antibacterial Activity of 04 Medicinal Plant on the IN VITRO Growth of Multi-Resistant Strains Involved in Diarrhea in the Department of Kouto (Ivory Coast)

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    This work aims at evaluating in vitro the antibacterial effects of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of leaf macerates, Manilkara multinervis, Waltheria indica root bark, Securrinega virosa, and Anogeissus leiocarpa stem bark. These four medicinal plants are traditionally used to treat diarrhea in the canton of North-Niéné (Department of Kouto, CÎte d'Ivoire). The antibacterial activities of the various extracts from these plants were carried out on multi-resistant strains (Escherichia coli BLSE, Shigella flexneri BLSE, Staphylococcus aureus meti-R). The methodology consisted of extracting the drugs with a 70% hydroalcoholic solvent and distilled water. Agar diffusion and dilution methods were used for susceptibility testing and determination of CMI and CMB parameters. Agar diffusion and dilution methods were used. By the diffusion method, all four plants were found to be active on at least one of the bacteria tested. The ethanolic extract of M. Multinervis was the most active by inducing a diameter of 15 mm on the growth of S. aureus meti-R. As for the dilution method, the ethanolic extracts of W. indica and M. Multinervis showed bactericidal effects on both S. aureus at 6.25 mg/mL and 3.125 mg/mLrespectively as well as on all other 100 mg/mL germs. Only M. Multinervis recorded the highest activity. This important activity was demonstrated on S. aureus meti-R with a minimum bactericidal concentration of 3.125 mg/mL. These results confirm the traditional use of these plants in the management of diarrheal diseases in the Department of Kouto

    Pratiques Biosecuritaires Appliquees En Pisciculture Dans Trois Regions De La Cîte D’ivoire

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    Une enquête a été réalisée sur les pratiques biosécuritaires dans des fermes piscicoles de 3 régions de la Côte d'Ivoire (Régions des lagunes, Agneby et Sud comoé). Le but est de décrire les pratiques réelles des pisciculteurs en matière de biosécurité et de donner une typologie des fermes piscicoles de ces régions. Vingt quatre variables biosécuritaires ont été retenues et la méthode de "boule de neige" a été utilisée. Les travaux ont été réalisés de mars à août 2011. Les mesures de la biosécurité ont été appliquées dans les fermes piscicoles, enquêtées de différentes manières avec de fortes proportions de pratiques non recommandées. Les analyses multivariées (Analyses Factorielles des Correspondances Multiples et la Classification Ascendante Hiérarchique) réalisées ont indiqué deux grandes catégories de ferme piscicole dont chacune se subdivise en deux sous-groupes, avec des groupes composés d'au moins une ferme issue de chacune des 3 régions.Mots clés: Pisciculture, pratiques de biosécurité, Côte d'IvoireAn study was carried out on biosecurity practices in fish farming in the regions of Côte d'Ivoire (Regions of Lagoon, Agneby and Sud comoé). The study aims to describe practices of biosecurity measures and to give a typology of fish farming of these regions according to biosecurity practices applied. Inquiries were carried out in three regions according to the "snowball" method from March to August 2011. Practices of biosecurity measures in fish farming varied from one fish farm to another with a high frequency of bad practices. Multivariate analysis classified shown two great groups of fish farming with two subgroups each. Group was composed of at least one fish farm from each of the 3 regions

    Teneurs en phénols totaux, activités antioxydantes des macérés et décocté des feuilles de Uvaria chamae P. Beauv. (Annonaceae)

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    Uvaria chamae est une plante de la biodiversitĂ© Ivoirienne utilisĂ©e en mĂ©decine traditionnelle. MalgrĂ© les vertus biologiques et thĂ©rapeutiques de cette plante, peu d’informations sur la teneur en phĂ©nols totaux et l’activitĂ© antioxydante existent. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait d’évaluer la teneur en phĂ©nols totaux, l’activitĂ© antioxydante de macĂ©rĂ© aqueux, de macĂ©rĂ© Ă©thanolique et de dĂ©coctĂ© aqueux des feuilles de Uvaria chamae. La teneur en phĂ©nols totaux a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e par la mĂ©thode de Folin-Ciocalteu. L’activitĂ© antioxydante a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e par la mĂ©thode de piĂ©geage du DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle) et d’ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity). La teneur en phĂ©nols totaux Ă©tait respectivement de 110,51 ± 7,18 ”g GAE/mg d’extraits, de 86,34 ± 1,38 ”g GAE/mg d’extrait et de 65,80 ± 0,13 ”g GAE/mg d’extrait pour le macĂ©rĂ© Ă©thanolique, le dĂ©coctĂ© aqueux et le macĂ©rĂ© aqueux de Uvaria chamae. Les diffĂ©rents macĂ©rĂ©s et dĂ©coctĂ© ont prĂ©sentĂ© une activitĂ© de piĂ©geage des deux radicaux libres. S’agissant du radical DPPH, le macĂ©rĂ© Ă©thanolique de U. chamae exerce une forte activitĂ© antiradicalaire significative avec un CI50 de l’ordre de 0,08 ± 0,02 mg/ml. Avec la mĂ©thode ORAC, le macĂ©rĂ© Ă©thanolique de U. chamae (3,51 ± 0,15 ”mol TE/”g d’extrait) et le dĂ©coctĂ© aqueux de U. chamae (3,36± 0,18 ”mol TE/”g d’extrait) prĂ©sentent des valeurs d’activitĂ©s antioxydantes significatives. Par contre, les valeurs de l’activitĂ©  antioxydante du macĂ©rĂ© aqueux de U. chamae (3,04 ± 0,20 ”mol TE/”g d’extrait) et du tĂ©moin positif : extrait Ă©thanolique de R.  officinalis (2,54 ± 0,06 ”mol TE/”g d’extrait) ne sont pas significativement diffĂ©rentes (P ˃ 0,05). Ces rĂ©sultats montrent l’existence d’une bonne corrĂ©lation linĂ©aire entre la teneur en phĂ©nols totaux et le pouvoir antioxydant des diffĂ©rents macĂ©rĂ©s et dĂ©coctĂ© de cette plante. Cette plante Ivoirienne pourrait donc ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©e comme une source d’antioxydant naturel Ă  des fins mĂ©dicinales.Mots clĂ©s : Uvaria chamae, teneur en phĂ©nols totaux, antioxydant, CĂŽte d’Ivoir

    Effets du calcium alimentaire sur les paramĂštres de reproduction de l’escargot Limicolaria flammea (MĂŒller, 1774), en Ă©levage hors-sol

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    De jeunes escargots Limicolaria flammea ĂągĂ©s de deux semaines, avec un poids vif moyen de 0,07 ± 0,01 g et une longueur moyenne de coquille de 7,50 ± 0,03 mm ont Ă©tĂ© soumis Ă  cinq (5) rĂ©gimes alimentaires dont deux Ă  base de fourrages verts (R1: constituĂ© par un mĂ©lange de feuilles de Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae) et de Palisota hirsuta (Commelinaceae) et R2: composĂ© de feuilles de Carica papaya (Caricaceae) et de Phaulopsis falcisepala (Acanthaceae) et trois rĂ©gimes concentrĂ©s sous forme de farine (R3, R4 et R5), de teneurs en calcium variables (6,82 %, 12,02 % et 16,01 % respectivement) en vue de dĂ©terminer le taux de calcium susceptible d’induire de meilleures performances de croissance. La reproduction de l’escargot L. flammea est fortement influencĂ©e par les teneurs en calcium des aliments qu’il consomme. Les rĂ©gimes concentrĂ©s rĂ©duisent la durĂ©e du cycle sexuel, en ce sens que la maturitĂ© sexuelle qui est tardive (7 mois) avec les aliments vĂ©gĂ©taux (R1 et R2) a Ă©tĂ© rendue prĂ©coce (5 mois) avec ces aliments (R4 et R5). La teneur en calcium alimentaire influence le nombre total de pontes, la durĂ©e d’incubation et le taux d’éclosion des oeufs, alors qu’elle n’a pas d’effet sur le poids et les dimensions de l’oeuf. Le taux optimal de calcium induisant une meilleure reproduction varie de 12,02 % Ă  16,01 %. En outre, les animaux qui ont Ă©tĂ© nourris Ă  ces rĂ©gimes ont eu une relative longĂ©vitĂ©, un nombre Ă©levĂ© de pontes, une durĂ©e d’incubation rĂ©duite et un taux Ă©levĂ© d’éclosion des oeufs, contrairement aux rĂ©gimes Ă  base de fourrages verts qui donnent des rĂ©sultats peu prometteurs.Mots-clĂ©s: calcium, escargot, Limicolaria flammea (MĂŒller, 1774), reproduction. Effects of dietary calcium on the reproduction parameters of the snail Limicolaria flammea (MĂŒller, 1774), under indoor rearing Some young snails of Limicolaria flammea species of two weeks old, with an average live weight of 0,07 ± 0,002 g and an average shell length of 7,5 ± 0,03 mm were subjected to five (5) diets including two containing green fodder (R1: constituted by a mixture of leaves of Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae) and Palisota hirsuta (Commelinaceae) and R2:composed by leaves of Carica papaya (Caricaceae) and Phaulopsis falcisepala (Acanthaceae) and three concentrated diets in the form of flour (R3, R4 and R5), of variable calcium contents (6,82 %, 12,02 % and 16,01 % respectively) in order to determine the calcium rate suitable for induce better growth performances.The study shows that the reproduction of the snail L flammea is strongly influenced by the calcium contents of the food which it consumes. The concentrated diets reduce the duration of the sexual cycle, in the sense that the sexual maturity which is late (7 months) with vegetable foods (R1 and R2) was made early (5 months) with these food (R4 and R5).The dietary calcium content influences the total number of clutches, the duration of incubation and the hatching rate, while it has no effect on the weight and dimensions of eggs. The optimal calcium levels inducing a better reproduction varies from 12,02 % to 16,01 %. Moreover, the animals which were nourished with these diets had a relative longevity, a high number of clutches, reduced incubation time and a high rate of hatching, contrary to the diets containing green fodder which give not very promising results.Keywords: calcium, Limicolaria flammea (MĂŒller, 1774), reproduction, snail

    Evaluation of the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial properties of two aromatic plants used in the production of sweet wort and tchapalo, two artisanal beverages from CĂŽte d'Ivoire

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    The search for new antimicrobial molecules from natural sources is an opportunity to preserve food. The objective of this study is to evaluate the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial properties of the leaves of Adansonia digitata (Bombacaceae) and the bark of Grewia venusta (Tilaceae), two aromatic plants used in the production of sweet must and tchapalo. Phytochemical screening from the aqueous, decocted and methanolic extracts of these plants was performed using standard colorimetric methods. Antimicrobial activity was also evaluated on 21 strains using the well diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Bactericides were determined respectively by the liquid macro-dilution and agar plating methods. Results showed the presence of tannins, triterpenoids, cardiotonic glycosides and saponins in these extracts. All extracts were active on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 with inhibition diameters ranging from 10.33±1 to 20.3±1.5 mm. The methanolic extracts had the lowest MICs (12.5 mg/mL), with bactericidal and/or fungicidal activity on most of the microbial strains tested. These results confirm the antimicrobial activities of the phytochemical compounds of these plants that could play the role of stabilizer and preservative of sweet wort and tchapalo. La recherche de nouvelles molĂ©cules antimicrobiennes Ă  partir de sources naturelles est une opportunitĂ© pour conserver les aliments. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est d’évaluer la composition phytochimique et les propriĂ©tĂ©s antimicrobiennes des feuilles de Adansonia digitata (Bombacaceae) et des Ă©corces de Grewia venusta (Tilaceae), deux plantes aromatiques utilisĂ©es dans la production du moĂ»t sucrĂ© et du tchapalo. Le criblage phytochimiques Ă  partir des extraits aqueux, dĂ©coctĂ©s et mĂ©thanoliques de ces plantes a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© selon les mĂ©thodes standards de colorimĂ©tries. L’activitĂ© antimicrobienne a Ă©tĂ© Ă©galement Ă©valuĂ©e sur 21 souches en utilisant la mĂ©thode de diffusion en puits. Les Concentrations Minimales Inhibitrices (CMI) et BactĂ©ricides ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©es respectivement par les mĂ©thodes de macro-dilution en milieu liquide et ensemencement sur milieu gĂ©losĂ©. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© la prĂ©sence de tannins, de triterpĂ©noĂŻdes, de cardiotoniques glycosides et de saponines dans ces extraits. Tous les extraits ont Ă©tĂ© actifs sur Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 avec des diamĂštres d’inhibition allant de 10,33±1 Ă  20,3± 1,5 mm. Les extraits mĂ©thanoliques ont prĂ©sentĂ© les CMI les plus faibles (12,5 mg/mL), avec une activitĂ© bactĂ©ricide et/ou fongicide sur la plupart des souches microbiennes testĂ©es. Ces rĂ©sultats confirment les activitĂ©s antimicrobiennes des composĂ©s phytochimiques de ces plantes qui pourraient jouer le rĂŽle de stabilisant et conservateur du moĂ»t sucrĂ© et du tchapalo

    ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF THE AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF THONNINGIA SANGUINE VAHL. (BALANOPHORACEAE)

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    The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal properties of Aqueous and Ethanolic extracts of Thonningia sanguinea Vahl (Balanophoraceae). Thisparasitic plant is commonly used in Ivory Coast and in many other parts of West Africa to treat dermatitis, diarrhea and asthma. Aqueous and Ethanolic extracts of Thonningia sanguine were evaluated for their antifungal activities by double dilution method against three strains: Candida albicans (C. albicans) Cryptococcus neoformans (C.neoformans) and Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus). The phytochemical screening was also evaluated. Antifungal tests indicated that the different extracts studied were active on all selected strains, but their inhibitory activity was more pronounced on C. neoformans compared with A. fumigatus and C. albicans. In addition, our works revealed that the aqueous extract (ATE) was a fungicide on three tested germs while ethanolic extract (ETE) was fungicidal on C. neoformans and fungistatic on the two strains. The phytochemical revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids. The results showed that the aqueous extract and ethanolic extract of Thonningia sanguine Vahl. (Balanophoraceae) exerted an antifungal effect on C. neoformans, A. fumigatus and C. albicans and supports its traditional use in herbal medicine

    Etude Phytochimique et ActivitĂ© Antioxydante des Extraits D’écorces de Tiges de Vitellaria Paradoxa C.F.Gaertn, Une Plante MĂ©dicinale UtilisĂ©e au Nord de la CĂŽte d’Ivoire

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    Au Nord de la CĂŽte d’Ivoire, Vitellaria paradoxa (karitĂ©) est une plante mĂ©dicinale couramment utilisĂ©e contre de nombreuses pathologies. Le prĂ©sent travail a pour objectif de dĂ©terminer les principaux constituants chimiques et d’évaluer l’activitĂ© antioxydante des extraits aqueux et hydro-Ă©thanolique (70 %) d’écorces de tiges de cette plante. Les diffĂ©rents groupes chimiques ont Ă©tĂ© mis en Ă©vidence par la technique de coloration et de prĂ©cipitation en tubes. La mĂ©thode de rĂ©duction du radical 2,2’-diphĂ©nyl-1-picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) a permis d’évaluer le pouvoir antioxydant des extraits. Le criblage phytochimique a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© la prĂ©sence de principaux groupes chimiques suivants: alcaloĂŻdes, anthraquinones, polyphĂ©nols totaux, terpĂšnes et stĂ©rols, saponines et tanins. Le test de DPPH a montrĂ© une activitĂ© antioxydante importante des deux extraits, comparĂ©e Ă  celle de la Vitamine C (CI50 =0,80±0,7 ÎŒg/mL) avec des CI50 respectives de 0,42±0,3 ÎŒg/mL pour l’extrait aqueux et 0,87±0,7 ÎŒg/mL pour l’extrait hydro-Ă©thanolique. Ces rĂ©sultats pourraient justifier l’utilisation traditionnelle de V. paradoxa pour le traitement de diverses pathologies dans de nombreuses rĂ©gions de l’Afrique de l’Ouest.  In North of CĂŽte d ’Ivoire, Vitellaria paradoxa (Shea tree) is a medicinal plant commonly used against many pathologies. The objective of this work is to determine phytochemical constituents and to evaluate antioxidant activity of aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts (70%) of Vitellaria paradoxa. Different chemical groups were highlighted by the tube staining and precipitation technique and the 2, 2’-diphĂ©nyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method allowed the evaluation of the antioxidant power of the extracts. Phytochemical tests revealed the following chemical groups: alkaloids, anthraquinones, total polyphenols, terpenes and sterols, saponins and tannins. The DPPH test showed significant antioxidant activity of the two extracts compared to Vitamin C (IC50 = 0.80 ± 0.7 ÎŒg/mL) with IC50 respectively 0.42 ± 0.3 ÎŒg/mL for the aqueous extract and 0.87 ± 0.7 ÎŒg/mL for the hydro-ethanolic extract. These results could justify the traditional use of V. paradoxa in the treatment of various pathologies in many parts of West Africa
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