Encapsulation of flaxseed oil using plant proteins

The overall goal of this research was to develop a plant protein-based microcapsule capable of carrying, protecting and delivering flaxseed oil within the food and gastrointestinal environment. Specifically, the research aimed to: a) screen a variety of plant proteins and pre-treatment conditions based on their emulsifying properties for use as a wall material; b) develop and optimize encapsulation protocols for entrapping flaxseed oil; and c) study the oxidative stability and delivery of entrapped oils from capsules under different environmental and simulated gastrointestinal conditions. In Chapter 3 and 4, the emulsifying and physicochemical properties of legume and oilseed protein isolates, respectively produced from isoelectric precipitation and salt extraction were investigated. Findings in Chapter 3 indicated that both the legume source and method of production showed significant effects on the emulsifying and physicochemical properties of chickpea (ChPI), faba bean (FbPI), lentil (LPI), pea (PPI), and soy (SPI) protein isolates. The emulsion capacity (EC) values ranged between 476-542 g oil/g protein with LPI showing the highest capacity. Isoelectric-precipitated ChPI and LPI displayed higher emulsion activity index (EAI) (~46.2 m2/g), (emulsion stability index) ESI (~84.9 min) and (creaming stability) CS (98.6%), which were comparable to those of SPI. In Chapter 4, findings indicated that both protein source and method of production had significant effects on the physicochemical and emulsifying properties of canola (CaPI) and flaxseed protein isolates (FlPI). CaPI showed significantly higher EC (~515.6 g oil/g protein) than FlPI (~498.9 g oil/g protein). EAI for FlPI was found to be higher (~40.1 m2/g) than CaPI (~25.1 m2/g) however, ESI values of CaPI and FlPI were similar. Creaming stability of emulsions stabilized by CaPI and FlPI ranged between 86.1 and 96.6%. CaPI and FlPI were shown to have emulsion forming properties; however their stability was low. In Chapter 5, ChPI and LPI-stabilized emulsions were optimized based on pH, protein concentration and oil content for their ability to form and stabilize oil-in-water emulsions using response surface methodology. Droplet charge was shown to be only affected by pH, while droplet size and creaming index were affected by protein concentration, oil content and pH. Optimum conditions for minimal creaming (no serum separation after 24 h), small droplet size (40 mV) were identified as: 4.1% protein, 40.0% oil, and pH 3.0 or 8.0, regardless of the plant protein used for emulsion preparation. Flaxseed oil was microencapsulated by freeze (Chapter 6) or spray (Chapter 7) drying employing ChPI or LPI and maltodextrin. Effects of emulsion formulation (oil, protein and maltodextrin levels) and protein source (ChPI vs. LPI) on the physicochemical characteristics, oxidative stability, and release properties of the resulting capsules were investigated. Optimized capsule designs were found to have high encapsulation efficiencies, low surface oil, and afforded protection against oxidation over a 25 d room temperature storage study relative to free oil. Microcapsules were also able to deliver 84.2% of the encapsulated oil in the simulated gastrointestinal environments

The Relationship between the Development and Application Skills of Multiple-Choice Test of Teachers and Demonstrated Achievement in this Regard

This study sought to develop a Likert type scale which is valid and reliable in order to investigate the development and application skills of multiple-choice tests of teachers. The research was carried out with 386 teachers, selected randomly from primary schools and high schools in Eskisehir, Turkey in the 2010-2011 academic year. The data were collected by using a questionnaire consisting of two sections, developed by the researchers to determine the development and application skills of multiple-choice tests of teachers. The first part is related to demographic and personal information. The second part includes 72 expressions related to development and application skills of multiple-choice tests on a 5-point Likert-type scale. Data were analyzed with exploratory factor analysis and multi-factor confirmatory factor analysis by using the statistical package SPSS and LISREL. The findings of the study revealed that the scale was valid and reliable

Music Recommendation System based on Emotion, Age and Ethnicity

A Music Recommendation System based on Emotion, Age, and Ethnicity is developed in this study, using FER-2013 and ``Age, Gender, and Ethnicity (Face Data) CSV'' datasets. The CNN architecture, which is extensively used for this kind of purpose has been applied to the training of the models. After adding several appropriate layers to the training end of the project, in total, 3 separate models are trained in the Deep Learning side of the project: Emotion, Ethnicity, and Age. After the training step of these models, they are used as classifiers on the web application side. The snapshot of the user taken through the interface is sent to the models to predict their mood, age, and ethnic origin. According to these classifiers, various kinds of playlists pulled from Spotify API are proposed to the user in order to establish a functional and user-friendly atmosphere for the music selection. Afterward, the user can choose the playlist they want and listen to it by following the given link.Comment: 14 Pages, 10 Figures and 3 Table

Modification of Legume Proteins for Improved Functionality

Recent studies have indicated that legume proteins can be potentially used as an alternative to animal-derived protein ingredients for many food and biomaterial applications, however some modifications may be first required to improve their functionality since they show relatively lower solubility and functional properties compared to commonly used animal-based proteins. A variety of physical, chemical or biological processes can be used to achieve these modifications in structural, physicochemical, and functional properties of legume proteins. The aim of this chapter was to review the most recent studies focusing on modification of structural properties and improvement of functionality of legume proteins. Effects of processing conditions on protein functionality were discussed. Special emphasis was given to the structure–function mechanisms behind these changes. Since the performance of modified legume proteins has been shown to depend on a variety of factors; parameters used in the modification process have to be optimized to achieve the desired level of improvement in legume protein functionality. Each modification method has been indicated to have its own advantages and limitations in terms of performance and applicability in different food matrices. Further studies are required to investigate the interactions of modified legume proteins with other food components during food processing and storage. Furthermore, additional research on the effects of modification treatments on flavor profile and nutritional properties of legume proteins is needed as well

Proteins from Pseudocereal Grains

Seeds such as quinoa, amaranth, chia, and teff are considered as potential sources of plant-based proteins for human consumption. Proteins isolated from pseudocereal grains have the potential to serve as nutritious alternatives to animal-based proteins for various food applications. Quinoa, amaranth, and chia proteins are among the most extensively studied pseudocereal proteins for the characterization of structural, physicochemical, and functional properties. This chapter will review the recent studies on composition, structural characteristics, physicochemical and functional properties of proteins isolated from pseudocereal grains, will discuss several modifications applied for improvement of functional properties and some potential end-product applications

Pulse Proteins: From Processing to Structure-Function Relationships

Interest in alternative protein sources to those derived from animal, soy and wheat is on the rise, as consumers are searching for lower cost, healthier alternatives without compromising product quality and safety. Pulses are rich in protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals and are low in fat. Although pea proteins experience greater integration into the plant protein ingredient market than others, lentil, chickpea, bean and faba beans are not far behind. This review discusses approaches used for extracting pulse proteins used to produce protein products (concentrates/isolates), mechanism driving structure-function relationships as well as potential applications

2022 FİFA Dünya Kupası: Performans ve başarı ilişkisi

Futbolda büyük organizasyonlardan sonra ülkelerin teknik-taktik ve fiziksel performanslarının incelenmesi günümüz futbol dünyasında önemli hale gelmiştir. Bu doğrultuda araştırmanın amacı, 2022 FIFA Dünya Kupası’nda yer alan ülkelerin teknik, taktik ve fiziksel performanslarının farklılıklarını ve turnuva başarısı ile ilişkilerini ortaya koymaktır. Veriler FIFA resmi internet sitesi üzerinden toplanmış; 8 teknik-taktik ve 2 fiziksel performans, toplamda 10 parametre değerlendirilmiştir. Gruplar arasındaki farklılıklar Independent Samples T-Testi; kazanan ülkelerin performansları ile toplam gol sayısı ve puan arasındaki ilişkiler, Pearson Korelasyon Testi ile belirlenmiştir. Analizler sonucunda son 16’ya kalan ülkelerin isabetli pas sayısı, yüzdesi ve gol sayısı; yarı finale çıkan ülkelerin, gol ve başarılı top kapma sayısı verileri ile bir üst tura çıkamayan ülkelerin verileri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Müsabakaları kazanan ülkelerin topa sahip olma yüzdesi, toplam ve isabetli pas sayısı ve yüzdesi, gol beklentisi ve toplam koşu mesafesi ile toplam gol sayısı arasında orta ve yüksek düzeyde; başarılı top kapma sayısı ile toplam puan arasında da orta düzeyde pozitif yönlü ilişki olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Sonuç olarak, günümüz futbolunda sonuca gitme ve üstünlük kurma noktasında ülkelerin taktiksel ve fiziksel performans bakımdan hemen hemen eşit olduğu, ancak topa daha çok sahip olup eline geçen fırsatları olumlu şekilde değerlendiren ülkelerin ise, fark yaratacağı söylenebilir

Türkiyede Erken Çocukluk Döneminde Benlik Kavramı ile İlgili Yapılmış Lisansüstü Eğitim Tezlerinin İncelenmesi

Erken çocukluk dönemi fiziksel, bilişsel, dil, sosyal ve duygusal gelişim alanları ile birlikte kişilik gelişiminde temellerinin atıldığı bir dönemdir. Bu dönemde çocuk, ilk önce kendisini daha sonra yakın çevresini tanımaya başlar. Bu tanıma sürecinde çocuğun yakın çevresinde bulunan kişilerin tutum ve davranışları, çocuğun olumlu ya da olumsuz benlik kavramı geliştirmesine etki etmektedir. Çocuğun geliştirdiği benlik kavramı ise kişilik gelişimini önemli derecede etkiler.Bu nedenle erken çocukluk döneminde çocukların gelişimi açısından önemli olan benlik kavramı ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaların incelenmesi ve çocuklar üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılması önemlidir. Yapılan alanyazın incelemelerinde, erken çocukluk döneminde benlik kavramı alanında yapılmış yüksek lisans ve doktora tezleri ile ilgili kapsamlı bir analiz çalışmasının bulunmadığı görülmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle araştırmada Türkiyede erken çocukluk döneminde benlik kavramı ile ilgili yapılmış lisansüstü eğitim tezlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada benlik kavramı ile ilgili Türkçe alanyazında yer alan lisansüstü tezlerinin analizi tematik betimsel nitelikte olup, tarama modeli tipindedir ve içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada zaman sınırlaması getirilmeyerek, alanyazın taramasının yapıldığı Şubat 2019 tarihine kadar mevcut çalışmalara ulaşılması hedeflenmiştir. Erken çocukluk dönemde benlik kavramı ile ilgili Türkçe çalışmalara ulaşabilmek için, Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu Yayın Dokümantasyon Daire Başkanlığı Tez Tarama veritabanı taranmıştır. Tarama yapılırken anahtar sözcükler quot%253Bbenlik kavramıquot%253B, quot%253Bokul öncesiquot%253B ve quot%253Berken çocuklukquot%253B ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Alanyazın taraması sonucu ulaşılan çalışmaların araştırmaya dahil edilmesinde, (a) çalışmanın Türkiyede yapılmış olması, (b) Yüksek lisans ve doktora tezi şeklinde yayınlanmış olması, (c) örneklemini erken çocukluk dönemdeki çocukların oluşturması ve (d) tam metine sahip olması kriterleri dikkate alınmıştır. Araştırmada, benlik kavramı ile ilgili çalışma grubuna erken çocukluk ve okul öncesi dönemde benlik kavramı (n%253D5), benlik algısı (n%253D5) ve benlik saygısı (n%253D8) olarak dizginlenen toplam 18 lisansüstü eğitim tezi incelenmiş ve bu sayının alanın gelişimi açısından yeterli olmadığı düşünülmüştür. Aynı zamanda benlik ile ilgili yapılan lisansüstü tezlerin 2004-2018 yılları arasında yapıldığı, sadece üç doktora tezinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma yöntemi olarak en çok nicel araştırmanın yapıldığı ve ölçek%252Fenvanter kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmaların azlığı ve ölçek uyarlama ya da geliştirme sayısının azlığı dikkat çekmiş ve yeterli sayıda olmadığı belirlenmiştir

Duodenal Duplication Cyst with Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis: Report of a Case

Introduction:Duplication cyst can be occurred in any level of GI tract but the duodenal cysts are extremely rare. Most of the duplication cysts are detected in children. Duodenum duplication cysts are difficult to diagnose, as the presenting symptoms are nonspecific and are closely related to the type, size and location of the lesion. Both CT imaging and MRI can adequately identify a duodenal duplication cyst.Presentation of the case: We report an adult with recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis who was diagnosed with ERCP. With the diagnosis of duodenal duplication cyst, we planned to perform surgical resection of the cyst.Conclusions: The surgical intervention for duodenal duplication cyst includes complete or partial surgical resection of the cyst. The location of the cysts in relation to the duodenum, especially to the ampulla, is important to determine the treatment strategy. Alternatively, duodenum duplication can be safely and effectively treated by different endoscopic interventions